Repositorio Académico de la Universidad Católica del Maule
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Limitations and possibilities of the Physical Education and Health class in the social development of students with special educational needs
No full textEl objetivo de esta investigación fue conocer el aporte de la clase de Educación Física y Salud (EFS) al desarrollo social de estudiantes con necesidades educativas especiales (NEE). La muestra estuvo compuesta por siete profesores de Educación Física (EF) de una región del centro sur de Chile adscritos a establecimientos educacionales de distinta dependencia administrativa. La investigación es de carácter cualitativa, interpretativa y fenomenológica. El análisis de los datos fue mediante una matriz de sistematización categorizada de tres niveles, apoyada en la indagación de literatura relacionada con el objetivo del estudio. Para el tratamiento de los datos se optó por un análisis de contenido mediante una lógica inductiva de categorización. Los resultados muestran que los profesores concuerdan en que la clase de EFS aporta en el desarrollo social de los estudiantes y que las orientaciones curriculares actuales están desconectadas de la realidad de los mismos. Se concluye que deben buscarse herramientas que permitan la participación y el desarrollo de las habilidades de todo el alumnado a partir de una propuesta curricular orientada a la efectiva inclusión de estudiantes con NEE
Challenges and perspectives in enzymatic polymer fragmentation: the case of rubber and polyethylene terephthalate
No full textThe global increase in population, urbanization, and industrialization has led to a growing demand for energy, contributing to increased pollution levels, particularly from rubber and plastic waste. Despite being essential in industrial processes, millions of tons of waste are generated annually, posing a serious environmental threat. Currently, of the 400 million tons of plastic produced each year, it is estimated that less than 10% of it is properly recycled. Biological degradation methods, using microorganisms to detoxify contaminated environments, are currently gaining prominence. However, challenges such as polymer complexity and enzymatic efficiency must be addressed. This review aims to address the primary challenges in enzymatic fragmentation of two model polymeric materials: rubber and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). For this, the role of crucial enzymes, including rubber oxygenases such as latex clearing protein (Lcp), and hydrolases such as PETase was identified, emphasizing the importance of mass transfer limitations, product inhibition, and the presence of additives for an efficient conversion bioprocess. The utilization of enzymatic reactors for simultaneous catalysis and product separation is considered innovative and promising for enhancing the efficiency of the degradation process, enabling a more effective polymer fragmentation through enzyme action. An integrated approach holds the potential to be a more sustainable solution to address environmental challenges associated with plastic and rubber pollution
Comic as life story of deaf people: a visual pedagogical proposal
No full textLa orientación para profesionales que se vinculan con la educación de las personas sordas debe considerar especialistas competentes en la lengua de señas y el diseño de materiales visuales. Por lo tanto, este artículo de investigación tiene como objetivo explorar el valor de las historias de personas sordas líderes para la construcción de un prototipo pedagógico visual (PPV) que contribuya al desarrollo de la lectura y la escritura en educación primaria. La investigación se aborda desde un enfoque cualitativo y considera las epistemologías de los sordos con un diseño narrativo. De esta forma, se recopilaron historias de vida por medio de entrevistas semiestructuradas a 6 adultos líderes sordos de 3 ciudades de Chile. La información fue codificada con el software Atlas ti. La categoría central es el prototipo pedagógico visual, que engloba 4 subcategorías: identidad sorda, comunidad sorda, comunicación y aprendizaje. Estas conforman el sustento para el diseño del cómic Cata Plum-Cata Plam, cuya historia pone de relieve elementos desde las experiencias lingüístico-culturales de los participantes con su entorno familiar y escolar, que visibilizan la importancia de la lengua de señas chilena, así como la lectura y escritura a través de un material significativo
Effects of active exergames on physical performance in older people: an overview of systematic reviews and meta-analysis
No full textThis overview assessed the available body of published peer-reviewed systematic reviews and meta-analyses related to the effects of active exergames compared with active/passive control on physical performance outcomes in older people. The methodological quality and certainty of evidence were assessed using PRISMA, AMSTAR 2, and GRADE. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (code: CRD42023391694). The main outcomes indicate that 4,477 records, five systematic reviews, and 10 meta-analyses were included. The AMSTAR-2 reported six meta-analyses with high methodological quality, four moderate quality, two systematic reviews with low quality, and three very-low quality. Meta-analysis was performed on balance using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Timed Up-and-Go (TUG) tests, on cardiorespiratory fitness using the 6-min walk test, and on upper and lower limbs muscle strength using the handgrip strength, knee extension, and 30-s chair stand tests. Significant differences in favor of the active exergames groups concerning active/passive groups were reported in BBS (SMD = 0.85; 95% CI = 0.12–1.58; I2 = 96%; p = 0.02), TUG (SMD = 1.44; 95% CI = 0.71–2.16; I2 = 97%; p < 0.0001), and 30-s chair stand test (SMD = 0.79; 95% CI = 0.33–1.25; I2 = 88%; p = 0.0008). However, no significant differences were reported in favor of the active exergames groups in 6-min walk (SMD = 0.93; 95% CI = −0.64 to 2.50; I2 = 95%; p = 0.24), handgrip strength (SMD = 0.67; 95% CI = −0.04 to 1.38; I2 = 84%; p = 0.06), and knee extension tests (SMD = 0.20; 95% CI = −0.05 to 0.44; I2 = 95%; p = 0.12) compared to active/passive control. However, it was impossible to perform a meta-analysis for the variables of walking speed as a fall risk due to the diversity of instruments and the small number of systematic reviews with meta-analysis. In conclusion, interventions utilizing active exergames have shown significant improvements in the static and dynamic balance and lower limb muscle strength of apparently healthy older people, compared to control groups of active/inactive participants, as measured by BBS, TUG, and 30-s chair stand tests. However, no significant differences were found in the 6-min walk, HGS, and knee extension tests
Body composition and physical capacity in patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in a intensive care unit
No full textLas unidades de cuidados intensivos (UCI) y agudos han sido los contenedores del avance de la pandemia por COVID-19. Sin embargo, la estadía prolongada en esta unidad puede repercutir sobre la composición corporal (CC) y la capacidad derealizar ejercicio de los pacientes. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar si existe relación entre composición corporal (CC) y la prueba de caminata en 6 minutos (PC6m). Se reclutaron 17 personas (8 mujeres y 9 hombres). Se tomaron las siguientes medidas: PC6m, se consideró su distancia recorrida (DRPC6m) y su velocidad (VelPC6m). Las variables de CC medidas fueron índice de masa corporal (IMC), masa grasa (MG), masa libre de grasa (MLG) y masa magra (MM). La DRPC6m sólo mostró relación significativa con la MM corporal (MMC). Por otra parte, la VelPC6m tuvo una relación significativa con la MMC. Además de esto, la MLG del miembro inferior derecho y la MLG del miembro inferior izquierdo mostraron una relación con la VelPC6m (r=0,422; p=0,041 y r=0,417; p=0,025, respectivamente). También la MM del miembro inferior derecho y la MM del miembro inferior izquierdo se relacionaron significativamente con la VelPC6m (r=0,422; p=0,030 y r=0,420; p=0,042). En conclusión, existe relación entre composición corporal y VelPC6m. Esto permitiría aproximarse de manera rápida al nivel de funcionalidad con la que ingresa un paciente a un programa de rehabilitación
Association between gross motor competence and physical fitness in chilean children aged 4 to 6 years
Full text linkThe preschool period is considered critical for the development of motor competence, but as far as we know, no studies have investigated the association between motor competence and physical fitness in Chilean children. The aim of this study was to analyse the association between gross motor competence and physical fitness, controlling for possible confounding factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 144 preschool children (56.25% girls) with an average age of 5.3 years (4 to 6 years) from the Araucanía region, Chile. Motor competence was measured using the Children’s Movement Assessment Battery, 2nd Edition (MABC-2). Regarding physical fitness, the components of cardiorespiratory fitness, lower body muscle strength and speed/agility were evaluated using the Battery to Assess FITness in PREschool (PREFIT). Partial correlation models and analysis of variance (ANCOVA) were used to assess differences in physical fitness between motor competence categories, controlling for age and body mass index. The mean fitness scores for cardiorespiratory fitness, lower body muscle strength and speed/agility components were significantly higher in children with higher gross motor competence. In terms of effect size, large values were found for the lower body strength component in model 1 for boys and in model 2 for the total samples of girls and boys. The results of this study suggest that good levels of gross motor competence are associated with better physical fitness levels
Transcription factor roles in the local adaptation to temperature in the Andean Spiny Toad Rhinella spinulosa
No full textEnvironmental temperature strongly influences the adaptation dynamics of amphibians, whose limited regulation capabilities render them susceptible to thermal oscillations. A central element of the adaptive strategies is the transcription factors (TFs), which act as master regulators that orchestrate stress responses, enabling species to navigate the fluctuations of their environment skillfully. Our study delves into the intricate relationship between TF expression and thermal adaptation mechanisms in the Rhinella spinulosa populations. We sought to elucidate the dynamic modulations of TF expression in prometamorphic and metamorphic tadpoles that inhabit two thermally contrasting environments (Catarpe and El Tatio Geyser, Chile) and which were exposed to two thermal treatments (25 °C vs. 20 °C). Our findings unravel an intriguing dichotomy in response strategies between these populations. First, results evidence the expression of 1374 transcription factors. Regarding the temperature shift, the Catarpe tadpoles show a multifaceted approach by up-regulating crucial TFs, including fosB, atf7, and the androgen receptor. These dynamic regulatory responses likely underpin the population’s ability to navigate thermal fluctuations effectively. In stark contrast, the El Tatio tadpoles exhibit a more targeted response, primarily up-regulating foxc1. This differential expression suggests a distinct focus on specific TFs to mitigate the effects of temperature variations. Our study contributes to understanding the molecular mechanisms governing thermal adaptation responses and highlights the resilience and adaptability of amphibians in the face of ever-changing environmental conditions
Physical Education teacher educators in Latin America: a scoping review between 2009 and 2023
No full textIntroducción: La investigación sobre los formadores de profesores ha proliferado en los últimos años, producto de la importancia que tiene su labor al interior de los programas formativos. En el ámbito de la Educación Física, el estudio de este grupo de profesionales se ha desarrollado principalmente en Europa y Estados Unidos, evidenciando una brecha con los países de Latinoamérica. Propósito: El objetivo de esta revisión de alcance es examinar el estado actual de la literatura científica, e identificar tendencias temáticas en los estudios que se han publicado sobre los formadores de profesores de Educación Física en América Latina. Método: Este estudio se ajusta a las recomendaciones metodológicas de la declaración PRISMA-ScR. La búsqueda de artículos se realizó en bases de datos (WoS, Scopus, ERIC, SciELO y Dialnet) y referencias bibliográficas. Se incluyeron documentos publicados entre 2009 y 2023, en idioma inglés, español y portugués. Resultados: Se analizaron 28 artículos científicos. Los hallazgos se presentan en tablas y gráficos. La mayoría de los trabajos se han publicado entre 2019 y 2023. Se observa un avance en tres áreas temáticas: (a) didáctica; (b) pensamiento; y (c) desarrollo profesional de los formadores de profesores de Educación Física. Conclusiones: Se observa un creciente interés por estudiar a este grupo de profesionales, sin embargo, aún existen vacíos en la literatura relevantes de abordar. Se espera que los resultados de este trabajo impulsen el desarrollo de una agenda de investigación que visibilice y apoye la labor de estos profesionales, para ello, se ofrecen algunas recomendaciones y se señalan implicancias prácticas de este estudio
O-Alkyl derivatives of ferulic and syringic acid as lipophilic antioxidants: effect of the length of the alkyl chain on the improvement of the thermo-oxidative stability of sunflower oil
No full textLipid oxidation is the major cause of the deterioration of fat-containing foods, especially those containing polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Antioxidant additives of synthetic origin are added to matrices rich in PUFAs, such as sunflower oil (SO). However, there is controversy regarding their safety, and their low solubility in both water and fat has led to the search for new covalent modifications through lipophilicity. This work presents the synthesis of O-alkyl acid derivatives from ferulic and syringic acids and the study of their antioxidant capacity and effect on the thermoxidative degradation of SO. Antioxidant activities were evaluated by employing ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assays in a concentration range of 10–100 µg mL−1. The IC50 values for DPPH scavenging activity ranged from 15.61–90.43 µg mL−1. The results of the FRAP assay for both O-alkyl ferulic (3a–f) and syringic (5a–f) series revealed a “cut-off” effect on antioxidant activity in carbon five (C5). Thermoxidation study of additives 3b–c and 5b–c showed a decrease in the slope of extinction coefficients K232 and K270 in comparison with SOcontrol. Furthermore, 3c presented higher antioxidant activity than 3b and 1, with a power to decrease the thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) 6 times higher than SOcontrol at 220 °C. Additives 5b–c exerted a protective effect on the thermoxidation of SO. The results suggest that increasing lipophilic and thermal properties of antioxidants through O-alkyl acid derivatization is an effective strategy for accessing lipophilic antioxidant additives with potential use in food matrices
Statistical inference in school textbooks. an approach to statistical thinking
No full text[Objective] The main purpose of this study was to analyze the activities related to statistical inference present in secondary education textbooks in Chile, and their relationship to the development of statistical thinking. [Methodology] For the purposes of the study, a qualitative approach was used through a content analysis of the secondary education books disseminated free of charge by the Chilean Ministry of Education during the years 2016, 2018, 2020, 2021 and 2022, which were selected using intentional non-probabilistic sampling. [Results] Among the main results obtained, it was found that most of the activities related to statistical inference in the textbooks analyzed had to do with procedures related to the calculation of confidence intervals, without addressing their interpretation in the context of the problem. In addition, it was observed that there were few activities related to informal inference. Likewise, the activities and questions presented in the textbooks do not refer to the formulation of hypotheses or conjectures about the sample data made to guide the formulation of conclusions related to statistical inference. [Conclusions] The findings indicate that despite the fact that confidence intervals are among the topics related to statistical inference in the textbooks, these textbooks are not focused on decision-making at the population level, but rather on description