Revistas Electronicas UACh en Texto Completo (Universidad Austral de Chile)
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Get PDFWorking equids play a fundamental role in human society, strengthening the human livelihoods and improving the resilience capacity of communities through their contribution to economic, environmental, and social capital. Donkeys, horses and mules facilitate access to vital resources including water and health care. Furthermore, their use in traction, cargo and transportation can be regarded as a significant clean and renewable energy resource, providing a wider, systemic contribution to the sustainability of agroforestry-based economies in a wide variety of ecosystems, such as mountain regions
Effects of the inclusion of brown seaweed (Macrocystis pyrifera) additive in the diet of grass-fed steers on carcass performance, meat quality, and nutrient composition
Get PDFThe objective of this study was to evaluate the inclusion of a brown seaweed additive (SWA; Macrocystis pyrifera) in the diet of grass-fed steers on carcass performance, beef quality, and nutrient composition. A total of 20 Holstein-Friesian steers were randomly distributed into two groups: Control group (a basal diet without supplementation of SWA) and SWA group (2%-SWA) with basal diet + 30 g/day/animal of SWA during the breeding phase (11 months) and 48 g/day/animal of SWA during the fattening phase (4 months). Steers fed with 2%-SWA were not different (P>0.05) in final body weight, carcass weight, carcass dressing, fat thickness, ribeye area, and marbling score than those from the Control group. Likewise, no effects of 2%-SWA supplementation were detected (P>0.05) for beef quality traits, glycolytic potential, or their metabolites (muscular glycogen, glycose+glucose-6-phosphate, and lactate), evaluated in longissimus lumborum (LL) samples. Sensory evaluation showed a slight preference for Control group samples rather than those from the 2%-SWA group (58.93% and 41.07%; P=0.06). Regarding, proximal composition, the inclusion of SWA only affected the total lipids present in the LL samples, which decreased significantly (P=0.01) in LL samples of grass-fed steers fed with 2%-SWA. The composition of macro (Ca, Na, Mg, P, and K) and micro (Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn) minerals in LL samples were not affected (P>0.05) by the inclusion of SWA in the diet. The inclusion of the additive based on brown seaweed had not a detrimental effect on carcass performance, beef quality, and mineral content, however, it reduced the total lipids content in the LL muscle
Locomotor injuries morbidity data analysis in Chilean sport horses: a retrospective study (2016-2021)
Get PDFThe equine industry in Chile is small but constantly growing, being the Chilean Rodeo the most important discipline. Problems associated to the musculoskeletal system are the most frequent condition in the equine veterinary practice. Economic losses for the equine industry associated to injuries related to the locomotor system are significant and have been estimated in different parts of the world. Five hundred and eighty-one (581) Chilean purebred horses (Caballo Raza Chilena) performing or training for Chilean Rodeo discipline fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Results showed that in Chilean purebred horses, forelimbs injuries were recorded in 73.1% and hindlimbs 26.9% being a statistically significant difference (P = 0.001). Unilateral lameness was the most frequent situation seen in 74.9% (n=424), bilateral lameness was observed in 21.7% (n=102) and lameness in 3 or more areas was recorded in 9.5% of horses (n=55). When comparing frequency of distribution between right and left sides, no differences were observed between forelimbs (P = 0.645) or hindlimbs (P = 0.853). The forelimb digit (hoof, pastern, and fetlock) had a prevalence of 59.6%. When specific diagnoses were recorded the most prevalent causes of lameness in Chilean purebreds were navicular disease (12.9%), fetlock osteoarthritis (11.9%) and distal tarsal joints osteoarthritis (11.7%). In conclusion, due to the activity and specific physical demands suffered by Chilean Rodeo horses, veterinarians must be familiar with injuries affecting Chilean sport horses, as the morbidity of musculoskeletal injuries varies drastically between different disciplines
Determination of copro-prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus and associated factors in domestic dogs: a household cross-sectional study in Huancarama, Peru
Get PDFEchinococcosis is an important disease with regard to public health and the leading role that humans have in fulfilling the transmission cycle. The objective of this study was to determine the copro-prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus in dogs from homes in Huancarama, Peru, and the factors associated with this infection. The research was basic, prospective, quantitative, observational, cross-sectional, and analytical. This study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee for the Use of Animals (CIEA) and the Institutional Research Ethics Committee (CIEI) of the Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia. The sample comprised of 519 homes. A geographic information system (GIS) was used to develop layers of information on the study area with georeferencing of the locations of these homes. Information processing was performed using Excel for Windows 2010, Statistical Package for the Social Sciences SPSS 25 software, and ArcGIS 10.8. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression tests were performed to determine the possible associations. Categorical variables were statistically contrasted using the chi-square test with 95% confidence intervals and P ≤ 0.05, which indicated the extreme degree of significance. It was found that 94.4% of the houses had dogs and that the prevalence of E. granulosus was 27.7% (95/343; 95% CI 22.8-32.6). The distance from the house to the cattle slaughterhouse was associated with disease occurrence (P < 0.01). Locations in the Suni altitude zone presented a higher prevalence (41.8%) (P < 0.05). Lack of knowledge that humans can contract echinococcosis was associated with disease occurrence (P < 0.05)
Educación e Inteligencia
Get PDFDurante los últimos meses se ha discutido y debatido mucho sobre la irrupción de la Inteligencia Artificial como un elemento innegable de absoluta influencia sobre las tendencias actuales. Desde sus primeros intentos teóricos con alta aplicación, como lo es lo propuesto por McCullough y Walter Pitts en 1943 en su artículo “A logical calculus of the ideas immanent in nervous activity”, hasta consideraciones éticas y filosóficas abordadas tanto por las matemáticas, la biología, la física y la filosofía, resumidas en la temprana pregunta de Alan Turing “Can machines think?” (Turing, 1950, p. 433), nos vemos abordados por una cuantiosa avalancha de propuestas que tensionan lo que se ha impuesto en los últimos años como Educación, esto porque Educación no es entendida de la misma forma en cada una de sus sentencias..
Las funciones de la escuela ante situaciones de desastres socionaturales: la experiencia del Liceo de Huara, Región de Tarapacá
Get PDFEducation is a social tool that allows us to acquiring significant learning about socio-natural disasters, reducing their potential effects and providing information to vulnerable educational communities. The objective of this article is to describe and analyze the functions of the post-impact school after the earthquake of 8.2 degrees on the Richter scale of the year 2014, in the Liceo de Huara, Tarapacá region, Chile. This is qualitative research, which corresponds to a case study, whose technique was the semi-structured interview. The results show that the school is understood from the voice of its protagonists as “the meeting point of everything”, since it has been a shelter, collection center and organization of an entire town. These findings allow us to understand the role of the educational community and its actions in situations of socio-natural disasters.La educación es una herramienta social que permite adquirir aprendizajes significativos sobre los desastres socionaturales, disminuir sus potenciales efectos y proveer de información a las comunidades educativas vulneradas. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo describir y analizar las funciones de la escuela post-impacto al terremoto de 8,2 grados en la escala Richter del año 2014, en el Liceo de Huara, región de Tarapacá, Chile. Esta es una investigación cualitativa, que corresponde a un estudio de caso, cuya técnica fue la entrevista semiestructurada. Los resultados evidencian que la escuela es comprendida desde la voz de sus protagonistas como “el punto de encuentro de todo”, ya que ha sido albergue, centro de acopio y organización de todo un poblado. Estos hallazgos permiten comprender el rol de la comunidad educativa y sus acciones ante situaciones de desastres socionaturales
PIC. Una propuesta interdisciplinar cooperativa para la formación de futuros docentes de Educación Secundaria
Get PDFThe complex reality of Secondary Education institutions and the immediacy of the changes occurring in them require teachers with the capacity to intervene appropriately. However, recent studies have highlighted certain limitations in their preparation, especially in pedagogical and practical terms. To improve the competencies of future teachers, an educational innovation experience called Interdisciplinary Cooperative Proposal (ICP), based on the shared resolution of problems proposed from different subjects, has been carried out with 405 students of the Master’s Degree in Teacher Training for Secondary Education, Baccalaureate, Vocational Training and Secondary Education of the UMH (Elche, Spain). The description of the experience and the students’ evaluations of how it has affected learning, their average level of competence, the degree of involvement in the completion of tasks, the effective application of cooperative techniques, and gender are presented. It concludes by showing the perceived benefits in all the variables studied.La compleja realidad de las instituciones de Educación Secundaria y la inmediatez de los cambios acontecidos en ellas requieren de docentes con capacidad para intervenir adecuadamente. Sin embargo, estudios recientes han puesto de relieve ciertas limitaciones en su preparación, sobre todo pedagógica y práctica. Con objeto de mejorar las competencias de los futuros docentes, se ha realizado una experiencia de innovación educativa denominada Propuesta Interdisciplinar Cooperativa (PIC), basada en la resolución compartida de problemas propuestos desde diversas materias, con 405 estudiantes del Máster en Formación del Profesorado de ESO, Bachiller, FP y EI de la UMH (Elche, España). Se presenta la descripción de la experiencia y las valoraciones de estudiantes respecto a cómo ha afectado al aprendizaje, su nivel competencial medio, el grado de implicación en la realización de tareas, la aplicación eficaz de técnicas cooperativas y el género. Se concluye mostrando los beneficios percibidos en todas las variables estudiadas
La reforma curricular de 3° y 4° medio en Chile
Get PDFThe entry into effect of the General Education Law in 2009 involved curricular renewal in all levels of the Chilean school system, leaving 11th and 12th grades for last. This study describes this process of curricular construction, carried out between 2015 and 2019, under the Ministry of Education and the National Education Council. To do this, each stage is analyzed based on documentary material and session minutes. The construction process led to a curriculum organized on a Common General Formation Plan, distributed between obligatory and elective areas, and plans for Differentiated SH, TP and Artistic Formation, favoring electivity and flexibility. Among others, we conclude in the open and participative origin of curricular construction, however, with the advance of the Ministry-Council iterations, their impact losing weight in favor of the technical opinions of counselors, evaluators and experts.La entrada en vigencia de la Ley General de Educación en 2009 implicó la renovación curricular en todos los niveles del sistema escolar chileno, dejando para el final 3° y 4° medio. El presente trabajo describe este proceso de construcción curricular, desarrollado entre 2015 y 2019, a cargo del Ministerio de Educación y el Consejo Nacional de Educación. Para ello se analiza cada etapa a partir de material documental y actas de sesiones. El proceso de construcción desembocó en un currículum organizado en un Plan Común de Formación General, distribuido en asignaturas obligatorias y electivas, y un plan de Formación Diferenciada HC, TP y Artística, favoreciendo la electividad y flexibilidad. Entre otros, se concluye en el origen abierto y participativo de la construcción curricular, sin embargo, con el avance de las iteraciones Ministerio-Consejo, su impacto perdiendo peso a favor de las opiniones técnicas de consejeros, evaluadores y expertos
Programas de educación parental para progenitores con hijos de hasta seis años. Una revisión sistemática
Get PDFIn order to approach the distinctive features of parenting education programmes (PEPs) with children aged zero to six years, a systematic review was conducted. Thirty-four studies were included. More than half followed an experimental design and presented follow-up evaluations with small sample sizes. The USA and China were the most prolific in terms of number of publications. Interventions were mainly implemented in educational settings, with a typical number of sessions between eight and twelve, duration of two hours and on a weekly basis. Most were aimed at parents with children with specific educational support needs. The most frequent variables with statistically significant pre-post results were adults’ dysfunctional practices, stress and self-efficacy. The main themes addressed were emotions, communication and behavior management strategies. Evidence is provided to support the use of PEPs as they favour the development of positive parenting.Para aproximarse a los rasgos distintivos de los programas de educación parental (PEP) con hijos de cero a seis años, se ejecutó una revisión sistemática. Se incluyeron 34 estudios. Más de la mitad siguió un diseño experimental y presentó evaluaciones de seguimiento con muestras de pequeño tamaño. EEUU y China fueron los países más prolíficos en número de publicaciones. Las intervenciones se aplicaron principalmente en contextos educativos, con número habitual de sesiones de entre ocho y doce, duración de dos horas y periodicidad semanal. La mayoría estaban destinados a progenitores con hijos con necesidades específicas de apoyo educativo. Las variables más frecuentes con resultados pre-post estadísticamente significativos fueron las prácticas disfuncionales de los adultos, su estrés y autoeficacia. Los principales temas tratados fueron las emociones, la comunicación y las estrategias de manejo del comportamiento. Se proporcionan evidencias para apoyar el uso de PEP, ya que favorecen el desarrollo de la parentalidad positiva
La deserción universitaria en América Latina: una perspectiva ecológica
Get PDFThe state of research on university dropout in Latin America is reviewed to propose a comprehensive model based on Bronfenbrenner’s ecological perspective. There is a limited tendency that understands dropout as a coupling between institution and individual. The most salient microsystems in university dropouts were analyzed, such as personnel, the university institution, family and work, factors that significantly influence the decision to stay or drop out of the university. This analysis allows a better understanding of dropout in Latin America, where conditions of inequality significantly affect decision-making in educational processes. Issues such as the impact of working conditions, low possibility of flexible curricula to combine study with employment, restricted financial support from the university institution, little educational training of parents, or the burden of financially supporting the family, make sense for understand the phenomenon from a systemic perspective.Se revisa el estado de las investigaciones sobre deserción universitaria en América Latina, para proponer un modelo comprensivo basado en la perspectiva ecológica de Bronfenbrenner. Existe una tendencia limitada que entiende la deserción como un acoplamiento entre institución e individuo. Fueron analizados los microsistemas más salientes en la deserción universitaria, como el personal, la institución universitaria, familiar y trabajo, factores que influyen significativamente en la decisión de permanencia o abandono de la universidad. Este análisis permite una mejor comprensión de la deserción en Latinoamérica, donde las condiciones de desigualdad afectan significativamente la toma de decisiones en procesos educativos. Cuestiones como el impacto de las condiciones laborales, baja posibilidad de currículos flexibles para combinar el estudio con el empleo, restringido apoyo económico de la institución universitaria, escasa formación educativa de los padres, o la carga de apoyar económicamente a la familia, cobran sentido para entender el fenómeno desde una perspectiva sistémica