Revistas Electronicas UACh en Texto Completo (Universidad Austral de Chile)
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The 2022 Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever outbreak in Iraq
Get PDFCrimean-Congo Hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is an endemic, zoonotic, viral, and tick-borne disease that causes hemorrhagic symptoms. The disease has been reported in Iraq since 1979 comprising six cases between 1989 and 2009. Subsequently, 11, 3, and 33 cases were reported in 2010, 2018, and 2021, respectively. This study describes the 2022 Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) outbreak in different Iraqi governorates. In the 2022 outbreak, 212 cases of human CCHFV were reported between January 1 and May 22. These included 97 (46%) cases confirmed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and 115 (54%) suspected cases. Most human cases have been reported for livestock breeders and butchers. Approximately half of the confirmed cases (48%) were reported in the Dhi Qar governorate, whereas the others were reported in Missan, Muthanna, Wasit, Diwaniya, Karkh/Baghdad, Rusafa/ Baghdad, Kirkuk, Basra, Najaf, Nineveh, Babylon, and Karbala. Patients with CCHFV showed symptoms of the pre-hem- orrhagic phase, including sudden fever, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, nose bleeding, and abdominal and joint pain. Later, hemorrhagic symptoms started with unexplained bleeding lesions, ranging from small petechiae to large hematomas. The factors responsible for the re-emergence of CCHFV included a shortage of veterinary services during the COVID-19 pandemic and illegal slaughtering of animals outside the abattoirs. This led to massive tick infestations that acted as viral vectors.
In conclusion, this is the first report documenting the 2022 CCHFV outbreak in Iraq, with a total of 212 patients and 27 overall deaths, including 13 laboratory-confirmed cases. The authors recommend improving veterinary services provided to farmers. Additionally, future studies need to be done including the sero-epidemiology and molecular studies on local livestock and ticks to understand their roles in circulating the virus to humans
Replication kinetics of novel swine influenza A viruses: an approach to vaccine production
Get PDFNovel swine Influenza A viruses (IAVs) have been described in South America. The objective of this study was to evaluate the replication kinetics of novel swine IAVs as a first step in vaccine production. Different swine IAV lineages (H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2), infection doses (MOI: 1, 0.1, 0.01, 0.001, 0.0001, and 0.00001), harvest times (every 12 h), and substrates (MDCK and Vero cells) were used. For all IAV strains, MDCK cells were the most efficient substrate, generating titers of ≥128 HAU/50 μL with an MOI of 0.00001 at 60 h post-infection. These data may be useful in vaccine-producing laboratories
Use of Delphi methodology to select sustainability indicators on dairy farms: an exploration of environmental, economic, social and animal welfare dimensions
Get PDFSustainable livestock production is essential to ensure the availability of food and resources, and to address the social, economic, and environmental challenges that threaten conventional livestock production. While there is consensus among economic, social, and scientific groups on the need to assess sustainability to make decisions that protect resources for present and future generations, there are few sustainability assessment tools that address it holistically. The aim of this study was to develop an assessment tool applicable to farms by identifying the indicators currently applied in dairy farms, based on a systematic literature review and expert opinion. This study used the Delphi methodology to explore sustainability indicators at the farm level. A panel of seven expert researchers and academics in livestock sustainability and animal welfare participated in the study. A high level of consensus was found for 15 economic indicators, 14 social indicators, 20 environmental indicators, and 16 animal welfare indicators. Some indicators, such as financial autonomy, transmissibility, cow and labor productivity, husbandry system, labor intensity, community bonding, labor satisfaction, biodiversity, crop rotation, fertilization, manure management, and water management, showed a high level of consensus and were considered useful in assessing sustainability on dairy farms. In addition, livestock sustainability experts reached a high consensus on 16 animal welfare indicators that could be useful in assessing farm sustainability. These results provide a solid basis for sustainability indicators in the economic, social, environmental, and animal welfare dimensions, which could serve as a basis for developing a sustainability assessment tool for dairy farms
Desconexión entre convivencia escolar e interculturalidad: un desafío pendiente en escuelas étnicamente diversas
Get PDFGiven the ethnic diversity present in many Chilean schools, in this article we ask how interculturality and school conviviality respond to the challenges of providing a culturally relevant education for its schoolchildren. We present semi-structured interviews with teachers and staff members from fourteen schools in Santiago and Temuco. Based on an analysis of the data, we propose that a disconnect between both these education policies inhibits the chance to overcome structural racism in school spaces. We recommend that the tools offered by culturally relevant pedagogy be used to transform these school spaces by encouraging critical consciousness about structural inequalities, erroneous conceptual models about race, and nationalist hierarchies of whitened privilege that are reproduced in schools.Dada la diversidad étnica presente en muchas escuelas chilenas, en este artículo analizamos cómo la interculturalidad y la convivencia escolar responden a los desafíos de proveer una educación culturalmente relevante para sus alumnos. La investigación de diseño cualitativo emplea entrevistas semi-estructuradas con profesores, profesionales, y directivos de catorce escuelas en Santiago y Temuco. Proponemos, en base al análisis de los datos que la desconexión entre estas dos políticas educativas inhibe que el racismo estructural sea superado en los espacios escolares. Nuestra recomendación consiste en utilizar mejor las herramientas de la pedagogía culturalmente relevante para convertir las escuelas en espacios donde se fomentan una conciencia crítica respecto a las estructuras desiguales, modelos conceptuales erróneos acerca de la raza, y jerarquías nacionalistas de privilegio blanco que se reproducen en las escuelas
Escenarios otros de una Práctica Pedagógica Fragmentada: Perspectivas desde la Educación Superior
Get PDFAcross the realization of a pedagogic practice in higher education and pandemic, the experiencies of two practitioners are narrated from a critic point of view of the literacy on higher education, remote education didactics and communicative relations between the teachers and the practitioners. For it, the voices of the practitioners and a hermeneutical approach, are used for extract frequent problems in this type of scenarios and problematize them by the use of the topics mentioned. To end, in this article you are invited to inquire and read about educational practice scenarios in higher education because it is important to think carefully about how literacy is approached in academy and how we can help to improve the remote education scene.Tras la realización de una práctica pedagógica en educación superior y pandemia, se narran las experiencias de dos practicantes desde la mirada crítica en torno a los ejes de lectoescritura en contextos universitarios, didácticas utilizadas en educación remota y las relaciones comunicativas entre los docentes titulares y las practicantes. Para ello se tienen en cuenta las voces de las docentes en formación y el uso de un enfoque hermenéutico, que permiten extraer una serie de problemáticas recurrentes en este tipo de espacios y que se problematizan en torno a los ejes mencionados. Adicionalmente, se invita a la indagación y lectura con respecto a contextos de realización de prácticas pedagógicas en la educación superior debido a que es de gran valor pensar cuidadosamente cómo se aborda la lectoescritura en la academia y cómo podemos enriquecer los espacios de educación remota
Üllawtun y tramas canónicas en el relato mapuche contemporáneo: el proyecto de Graciela Huinao
Get PDFFrom an interculturality perspective and coming of larger investigation this paper deals with the contemporary Mapuche history, how western literary genres -tale, novel, biography, testimony, or others- dialogue at a canonical level with the ancestral Mapuche discourses -Pentukün, Piam, Epew y Nütram-, forming part of the same textual framework. Specifically, we review its operation at the global level of Graciela Huinao’s literary project. It concludes that from an üllawtun aesthetic -contempt- articulates the scriptural organization of her work with the aim of the deconstructing colonial structures, including those of the western genre. With this purpose, she resorts to the mechanism of “inversion” by juxtaposing genres and discourses; articulating the genres of western tradition through the “Simulacro de Biografía” (Walinto 2001) through the relationship “fiction-history”, while the latter operate through the discursive network protocolized by the rakizuam -Mapuche thought- in the relationship “truth- history”, thereby challenging the author-reader relationship.Desde una perspectiva intercultural, y desprendiéndose de una investigación mayor, este trabajo aborda en el relato mapuche contemporáneo cómo dialogan a nivel canónico los géneros literarios occidentales -cuento, novela, biografía, testimonio, u otros- con los discursos mapuche ancestrales -Pentukün, Piam, Epew y Nütram-, formando parte del mismo entramado textual. Específicamente, revisamos su operatoria a nivel global del proyecto literario de Graciela Huinao. Se concluye que desde una estética del üllawtun - menosprecio- articula la organización escritural de su obra con el objetivo de deconstruir las estructuras coloniales, entre estas las del género occidental. Con este fin, recurre al mecanismo de “inversión” yuxtaponiendo géneros y discursos; articulando los géneros de tradición occidental a través del “Simulacro de Biografía” (Walinto 2001) mediante la relación “ficción-historia”, mientras los segundos operan mediante la red discursiva protocolizada por el rakizuam -pensamiento mapuche- en la relación “verdad-historia”; desafiando así el pacto autor- lector
Su sonrisa socialista. Repertorios afectivos en torno a Helen Keller
Get PDFThis essay explores affective repertoires around Helen Keller, famous deafblind activist and socialist militant. Departing from the popular image in American culture that portrays her as a miracle or a selfless champion for the “cause of disability rights,” I consider the way in which suffering and opti- mism function as emotional foundations for the “American dream.” Then I focus on the few acts of resistance of a woman who knew that her body was traversed by “public feelings.” Finally, I analyze Her Socialist Smile (2020), a documentary by John Gianvito that conceptually, affectively and sensorially mobilizes Keller’s political ideas where anger, sorrow, and joy are socialist. In a novel way, the haptic visuality of this film establishes a connection between sensation and thought, individual and collective body, to tentatively explore into the deaf-blind sensorium as the possibility of a political affect.Este ensayo explora los repertorios afectivos que se tejen en torno a Helen Keller, famosa activista sordociega y militante socialista norteamericana. Partiendo de la imagen dominante en la cultura po- pular, que la vio como objeto de un milagro o abnegada abanderada de la “causa de la discapacidad”, considero al sufrimiento y al optimismo como sustento afectivo para el “sueño americano”. Luego, destaco las pequeñas tácticas de resistencia de una mujer que supo que su cuerpo estaba atravesado por “sentimientos públicos”. Finalmente, me detengo en Her Socialist Smile (2020), documental de John Gianvito que moviliza conceptual, afectiva y sensorialmente las ideas políticas de Keller para rescatar un enojo, una pena y una alegría socialistas. La visualidad háptica de la película establece puentes entre sensación e intelección, entre cuerpo individual y colectivo y bucea en el sensorio sordo-ciego la posibilidad de un afecto político
Mapa de empatía: reflexionando sobre la docencia en la educación superior
Get PDFTeaching in Higher Education is a broad topic of debate that covers methodologies, theories, policies, organization and evaluation. In this sense, this essay aims to socialize a theoretical-practical activity carried out in the subject of the Postgraduate Program in Education, at a public university, in the southwest region of Paraná (Brazil). The methodology consisted of applying a dynamic entitled: “Empathy Map” in the Teaching in Higher Education discipline. In the second stage, the results were shared collectively, seeking to understand the difficulties and challenges that exist in Higher Education, both for teachers and academics. Based on the responses obtained in the dynamics, analytical categories were listed and compared with the theoretical contribution of the field of knowledge. The results instigated questions and reflections on the teaching-learning process, providing the opportunity for participants in the dynamic to place themselves empathetically as teachers and academics in Higher Education.La enseñanza en la educación superior es un tema amplio de debate que abarca metodologías, teorías, políticas, organización y evaluación. En este sentido, este ensayo tiene como objetivo socializar una actividad teórico-práctica realizada en uno de los cursos del Programa de Posgrado en Educación, en una universidad pública, en la región suroeste de Paraná (Brasil). La metodología consistió en aplicar una dinámica denominada: “Mapa de Empatía” en la materia de Docencia en la Educación Superior. En la segunda etapa se compartieron los resultados de manera colectiva, buscando comprender las dificultades y desafíos que existen en la Educación Superior, tanto para los docentes como para los académicos. A partir de las respuestas obtenidas en la dinámica, se enumeraron categorías analíticas y se compararon con el aporte teórico del campo de conocimiento. Los resultados suscitaron preguntas y reflexiones sobre el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, brindando la oportunidad a los participantes de la dinámica de ubicarse empáticamente como docentes y académicos en la Educación Superior
El aprendizaje de la arquitectura para formar agentes de cambio social. Una mirada crítica de la formación innovadora en las escuelas de arquitectura del Ecuador
Get PDFLearning architecture in Ecuador aims to respond to its complex socio-spatial reality. While architecture schools perpetuate conventional ways of university teaching, innovative practices are experimented in classrooms and other learning spaces that rethink the objectives of learning, profiling new professionals to respond to the urgent needs for social transformation. The inclusion of socio-environmental responsibility criteria in learning practices seeks to redefine graduation profiles towards critical people, active students and committed professionals. Methodologically, the analysis of some teaching-learning practices published in academic journals and cataloged with theoretical-pedagogical criteria allows the identification of emerging themes and procedures in architectural learning whose verification through surveys and the study of some exercise statements outlines new teaching-learning processes of architecture to reposition the profession as a service to society and the project as an instrument to improve people’s lives.El aprendizaje de la arquitectura en Ecuador pretende responder a su compleja realidad socioespacial. Mientras las facultades de arquitectura perpetúan maneras convencionales de formación universitaria, en aulas y otros espacios de aprendizaje se experimentan prácticas innovadoras que replantean los objetivos de la formación perfilando nuevos profesionales para responder a las urgentes necesidades de transformación social. La inclusión de criterios de responsabilidad socioambiental en las prácticas busca redefinir los perfiles de egreso hacia personas críticas, estudiantes activos y profesionales comprometidos. Metodológicamente, el análisis de algunas prácticas formativas publicadas en revistas académicas y catalogadas con criterios teórico-pedagógicos permite identificar los temas y los procedimientos emergentes en la formación cuya verificación a través de encuestas y el estudio de enunciados de ejercicios bosqueja nuevos procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la arquitectura para resituar la profesión como un servicio a la sociedad y al proyecto como un instrumento para mejorar la vida de las personas
¿Belleza en la Música Clásica Contemporánea?
Get PDFThis essay explores the notion of beauty in contemporary classical music. It begins by examining historical and general conceptions of beauty, and then turns to present-day interpretations, reflecting on their relevance within today’s art music landscape.Este ensayo explora la idea de belleza en el campo de la música clásica contemporánea. Se revisan vínculos con nociones históricas y generales sobre la belleza, y se abordan sus significados actuales , reflexionando sobre su presencia en el panorama de la música de arte actual