Revistas Electronicas UACh en Texto Completo (Universidad Austral de Chile)
Not a member yet
7627 research outputs found
Sort by
Ira y/o esperanza. Fotografía feminista durante la transición democrática argentina
Get PDFThis paper aims to analyze the work of three Argentine feminist photographers produced during the local transition to democracy, given a critical reconstruction of certain premises of the affective turn. I understand that the concept of “affective atmosphere” is beneficial in highlighting how analyzing cultural forms in affective terms is more productive if it avoids discussing isolated emotions and instead focuses on characterizing these atmospheres based on the tensions generated by allegedly contradictory emotions. I argue that the specific temporality of transition frames this central tension expressed in terms of the unique link between hope and anger, two emotions frequently scrutinized in isolation, that play a central role in the affective dimension of the public. This analysis is part of a more general project aimed at pointing out that the specificity of feminisms in the region must be analyzed considering the lasting marks that state terrorism has left in their strategies of intervention. In the case scrutinized in these pages, the overlap between anger and hope accounts for a particular approach to the traces of terror.El objetivo central de este artículo consiste en analizar el trabajo de tres fotógrafas feministas argentinas producido durante la transición democrática local a la luz de una reconstrucción crítica de ciertas premisas del giro afectivo. Entiendo que el concepto de atmósfera afectiva es particularmente útil a la hora de destacar el modo en que el análisis de formas culturales en términos afectivos resulta más productivo si evita discutir emociones aisladas para focalizarse en la caracterización de esas atmósferas a partir de las tensiones generadas por emociones muchas veces contradictorias. Argumento además que la temporalidad específica de la transición enmarca esta tensión central expresada en términos del vínculo particular entre esperanza e ira, dos emociones frecuentemente analizadas de modo aislado que cumplen un papel central en la dimensión afectiva de lo público. El planteo se enmarca en un proyecto más general dedicado a señalar que la especificidad de los feminismos de la región debe ser analizada teniendo en cuenta las marcas perdurables que ha dejado el terrorismo de estado en sus modos de intervención. En el caso del que se ocupan estas páginas la superposición entre ira y esperanza da cuenta de una aproximación particular a los rastros del terror
Otra lectura feminista del contractualismo. Sobre la educación de las pasiones para la libertad y la igualdad
Get PDFFollowing the guidelines drawn by the first feminist thinkers, the hypothesis of this article maintains that contractualism allows us to think about an intersubjective source of the most powerful expression of reason. This source is education. Without it, reason cannot unfold, develop, it is incompleted; and its vacancy breaks freedom and equality in the civil order.
Although counter-intuitive, this hypothesis finds support in recent feminist political theory and allows us to rethink the relevance of early feminist thought.Siguiendo las líneas maestras trazadas por las primeras pensadoras feministas, la hipótesis del presente artículo sostiene que el contractualismo permite pensar en una fuente intersubjetiva –propia de las dinámicas de socialización– de la expresión más potente de la razón. Esta fuente es la educación. Sin ella, la razón no puede desplegarse, desarrollarse, se trunca; y su vacancia cercena la libertad y la igualdad en el orden civil.
Aunque anti intuitiva, esta hipótesis encuentra soporte en la teoría política feminista reciente y permite repensar la actualidad del primer pensamiento feminista
Una revisión sistemática de los datos de sensores remotos para evaluar atributos de los bosques secos
Get PDFEcological indicators are widely used to assess vegetation attributes and can be quantified through field-based and/or remote sensing data. Particularly, advances in remote sensing have allowed monitoring of dry forest attributes across multiple spatiotemporal scales. The objectives were to analyze the recent state-of-the-art in using remote sensing data as ecological indicators to assess dry forest attributes; identify the data source of remote sensing indicators used; and identify the geographical distribution of these studies. A systematic search was conducted for original research articles that used remote sensing data as ecological indicators of dry forests attributes. Composition indicators were assessed with the same frequency at species/population and landscape/region hierarchy levels. However, structural indicators were mainly assessed at the species/population level, and function indicators at the community/ ecosystem level. Over 60 % of the articles considered one ecological indicator, 20.45 % two, and 18.18 % used three indicators. Over 47 % considered field surveys and remote sensing data to assess dry forest attributes, and more than 52 % only had remote sensing data. Four out of the 88 articles analyzed report a weak relationship between field surveys and remote sensing data. Landsat and MODIS products were the most frequently used, with South America being the most studied continent. Observations and products from a single sensor, as well as using only one ecological indicator or one hierarchy level, would not be enough to represent the complexity of dry forest ecosystems.Los indicadores ecológicos son ampliamente usados para evaluar los atributos de la vegetación y pueden cuantificarse mediante datos de campo y/o de teledetección. Particularmente, los avances en la teledetección han permitido monitorear las condiciones del bosque seco a través de múltiples escalas espacio-temporales. Los objetivos fueron analizar los últimos avances en el uso de datos obtenidos de sensores remotos como indicadores ecológicos para evaluar los atributos de los bosques secos; identificar la fuente de datos de los indicadores de teledetección utilizados; e identificar la distribución geográfica de estos estudios. Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática de artículos de investigación originales que utilizaron datos de sensores remotos como indicadores ecológicos de los atributos de los bosques secos. La mayoría de los 78 artículos seleccionados utilizaron indicadores de composición a nivel de paisaje/ región, indicadores de estructura a nivel de población/especie e indicadores de función con frecuencia similar en ambos niveles. Más del 40 % consideró dos de los tres indicadores ecológicos. Más del 50 % solo usó datos de sensores remotos como indicadores de composición y más del 90 % como indicadores de función; sin embargo, casi el 70 % consideró solo datos de estudios de campo como indicadores de estructura. Los productos Landsat y MODIS fueron los más utilizados, siendo Sudamérica el continente más estudiado. Las observaciones y productos de un solo sensor, así como el uso de un solo indicador ecológico o un nivel jerárquico, pueden no ser suficientes para representar la complejidad de los ecosistemas de bosques secos
Variación genética en la respuesta de familias de Pinus patula a condiciones de sequía
Get PDFA common garden trial with 18-month-old trees from 64 half-sib families of Pinus patula was established to identify genetic variation in growth and survival in response to drought for four months (November 25, 2020 to March 25, 2021, winter). A split-plot design with two moisture levels (Irrigation S0 = 40 – 55 % and Drought S1 = 20 – 39 % volumetric moisture) was used in large plots and families in small plots. At the beginning and end of the trial, the height (HT), diameter of the base (DB), and number of whorls and branches were determined, and the absolute (AGR) and relative (RGR) growth rates in HT and DB were calculated. Differences were found between the moisture levels during growth. Survival was 71 % in S0 and 60 % in S1. In S1, AGR in HT and DB was affected by 52 and 38 %, and RGR by 46 and 32 %, respectively, with respect to S0. In S0, 31.4 % of the plants formed one whorl and 2.1 % two, in S1 only 13.4 % and 0.2 % did. Genetic control was moderate in the joint environments with h2i between 0.03 and 0.17 and h2f between 0.15 and 0.53. The performance of the families between the two humidity conditions was stable (rB from 0.71 to 1.0) in all variables, with greater genetic variation in S0 than in S1. Moderate genetic variability was observed in the growth of Pinus patula families under water restrictionSe estableció un ensayo de jardín común con árboles de 18 meses de edad de 64 familias de medios hermanos de Pinus patula para identificar variación genética en el crecimiento y supervivencia en respuesta a sequía por cuatro meses (25 de noviembre 2020 a 25 marzo 2021, invierno). Se utilizó un diseño en parcelas divididas con dos niveles de humedad (Riego S0 = 40-55 % y Sequía S1 = 20- 39 % de humedad volumétrica) en parcelas grandes y las familias en las chicas. Al inicio y final del ensayo se determinó altura (AT), diámetro de la base (DB), número de verticilos y ramas, y se calculó la tasa absoluta (TAC) y relativa (TRC) de crecimiento en AT y DB. Se encontraron diferencias entre niveles de humedad en el crecimiento. La supervivencia fue 71 % en S0 y 60 % en S1. En S1 la TAC en AT y DB se afectó en 52 y 38 % y la TRC en 46 y 32 %, con respecto a S0. En S0, 31,4 % de las plantas formaron un verticilo y 2,1 % dos, en S1 solo 13,4 % y 0,2 % lo hicieron. El control genético fue moderado en los ambientes en conjunto con h2i entre 0,03 y 0,17 y de h2f entre 0,15 y 0,53. El desempeño de las familias entre las dos condiciones de humedad fue estable (rB de 0,71 a 1,0) en todas las variables, con mayor variación genética en S0 que en S1. Se encontró una moderada variabilidad genética en el crecimiento de las familias de Pinus patula bajo restricción hídrica
Clonación in vitro de un árbol seleccionado de Eucalyptus pilularis y análisis de estabilidad genética de plantas micropropagadas
Get PDFEstablishing vegetative propagation techniques to promote the rejuvenation/reinvigoration of genotypes is essential for the rescue of adult trees of the Eucalyptus genus used in species and provenance tests. The aim of this study was to evaluate the induction of epicormic buds and shoots in pruned branches and the in vitro establishment, multiplication, genetic fidelity, and elongation of three 44-year-old Eucalyptus pilularis selected plants. M1, M2 and M3 represent selected plants. M1 produced the highest number of epicormic buds, number of shoots, and with the lowest rate of tissue oxidation and non-reactive explants. In the establishment stage, M3 exhibited the lowest contamination percentage, number of shoots, and shoot length. The emission of shoots occurred only for M3, and it was the unique genotype subjected to the other stages (i.e. multiplication, elongation, and rooting). In the multiplication stage, the highest vigour and shoot length values of were found in the 15th subculture. Phenolic oxidation had its highest value in the 12th subculture, decreasing from the 13th. The highest value for number of shoots was found in the 11th subculture. No polymorphism was observed in the selected plant (M3) and the clonal plants obtained in the 15th subculture. For shoots elongation, the use of culture medium containing 0.10 mg L-1 BAP and 1.00 mg L-1 NAA provided the lowest means for oxidation, and the highest for vigour, number, and length of shoots. The emission of adventitious roots was observed, demonstrating that, through micropropagation, it was possible to induce the competence to root the material, even at an advanced ontogenetic age.Establecer técnicas de propagación que promuevan el rejuvenecimiento/revigorización de genotipos es fundamental para el rescate de árboles adultos del género Eucalyptus. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la inducción de yemas y brotes epicórmicos en ramas podadas y el establecimiento, multiplicación, elongación y fidelidad genética de tres plantas seleccionadas de Eucalyptus pilularis de 44 años de edad. M1, M2 y M3 representan las plantas seleccionadas. M1 fue el mejor en número de yemas epicórmicas, número de brotes, baja tasa de oxidación del tejido y explantes que no responden. En la fase de establecimiento, M3 mostró baja contaminación, número de brotes y longitud de brotes. La emisión de brotes ocurrió para M3, y fue el único genotipo sometido a las demás fases (multiplicación, elongación y enraizamiento). En la fase de multiplicación, los mayores valores de vigor y longitud de brotes se encontraron en el subcultivo 15. La oxidación fenólica tuvo su mayor valor en el subcultivo 12, disminuyendo a partir del 13. El valor más alto para el número de brotes se encontró en el subcultivo 11. No se observó polimorfismo entre la planta seleccionada M3 y los brotes obtenidos en el subcultivo 15. En elongación, el uso de medio de cultivo que contenía 0,10 mg L-1 de BAP y 1,00 mg L-1 de ANA proporcionó las medias más bajas para la oxidación, y los más altos para vigor, número y longitud de brotes por explante. Se observó la emisión de raíces adventicias, demostrando que, a través de la micropropagación, era posible inducir la competencia para enraizar el material, incluso en una edad ontogenética avanzada
Identification of potentially harmful bacterial genera of veterinary relevance in the Llanquihue urban wetlands
Get PDFWater bodies constitute natural, social, and ecological heritage under constant threat from the footprint of human action. They are the habitats of many species and play a key role in sustaining biodiversity in different ecosystems. However, anthropogenic activity can result in eutrophication of water bodies, favoring the excessive growth of microorganisms, which can be a risk factor for animal, human, and environmental health. The Agricultural and Livestock Service [Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero (SAG)] of Chile developed a list of Mandatory Reportable Diseases (MRD) to report suspected contagious diseases of veterinary relevance. In this sense, the detection of microorganisms in water bodies for the characterization of their sanitary status is important for the development of monitoring strategies and the prevention of possible diseases. This study aimed to determine the presence of potentially harmful bacteria in Llanquihue urban wetlands. Here, we used metagenomic sequencing of amplicons to characterize the composition of microorganisms in three urban wetlands in the city of Llanquihue, which could be a risk factor for animal health. Our main finding was the detection of genera that may be associated with MRD, in addition to other microbial genera that have pathogenic potential. On the other hand, we also report the presence of cyanobacteria genera that can be involved in toxin production in water bodies as another potential source of risk. This is the first study to use massive sequencing techniques to analyze the sanitary status of urban wetlands in the city of Llanquihue
Experimental assessment of the efficacy of copper ion treatment against penicillin G contained in UHT milk and PBS
Get PDFAntibiotics are widely used in animal production to treat bacterial infections and to improve performance and animal welfare. Their misuse poses a threat to public and animal health because of the possible development of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms. Among the many strategies that have been considered to address this problem are methods to degrade antibiotic residues, especially those from the human and animal food chain. This study describes the effect of copper ion treatment on the detection of penicillin G in a liquid matrix. An in vitro experimental study was designed using both commercial milk and PBS spiked with three different concentrations of penicillin G. Each sample was treated for 30 min with copper ions. All samples were tested for antibiotics before and after treatment using a commercial enzyme-linked receptor binding assay. Additionally, pH, copper concentration, and temperature were evaluated. Antibiotic residues were detected in all spiked PBS and milk samples before treatment with copper ions. However, after 30 min of treatment, no antibiotic residues were detected in any sample at any concentration tested. In conclusion, treatment of penicillin-contaminated milk and PBS samples with copper ions affects antibiotic detection, which would potentially reduce antibiotic levels
Prevalence, risk factors, and hematologic changes in dogs from Baja California with presence of Ehrlichia spp., and coinfection with Anaplasma spp.
Get PDFEhrlichia and Anaplasma are obligate intracellular, gram-negative bacteria with tropism for hematopoietic cells, especially leukocytes and platelets. There are several Ehrlichia species that infect dogs. Ehrlichia canis is transmitted by Rhipicephalus sanguineus and replicates within monocytes and macrophages, leading to canine monocytic ehrlichiosis, a disease of worldwide distribution. The clinical signs are varied and non-specific. Anaplasma has two species that infect dogs, Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Anaplasma platys, the second also transmitted by Rhipicephalus sanguineus. This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiology and hematologic changes associated with the presence of Ehrlichia spp. And Anaplasma spp. coinfection in dogs from Baja California. Complete hematological analysis, examination of buffy coat smears, and ELISA tests were performed on blood samples from three veterinary diagnostic laboratories from Mexicali and Tijuana cities in Baja California, Mexico. A total of 5,469 dog samples were analyzed. The overall prevalence of Ehrlichia spp., was 4.79%, with a distribution of 6.3% in Mexicali (OR: 2.39 CI: 1.69-3.17) and 2.5% in Tijuana. The peak of infection was found in September. Contact with other dogs and tick infestation were the risk factors associated with infection (P < 0.05). There was 96% co-infection only in Tijuana and 0% in Mexicali. Anemia, thrombocytopenia, and hyperproteinemia are associated with Ehrlichia spp., and Ehrlichia/Anaplasma infection. In view of the foregoing, we have to maintain epidemiologic vigilance, as well as look further into the ticks present in the state and the possibility of transmission of unusual pathogens
Relationship between chronic diseases, hair cortisol concentration and welfare of housed dairy goats
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between seroprevalence of chronic diseases, hair cortisol concentration (HCC), and welfare of dairy goats housed throughout a productive cycle. Sixty multiparous dairy goats, over four years old, were selected. An animal welfare assessment was conducted using health indicators for goats, according to the AWIN protocol. Blood samples were also collected for haematology and determination of seroprevalence of chronic diseases, hair samples for determination of HCC, milk samples for chemical composition and somatic cell counts, and faecal samples for parasite load. Small Ruminant Lentivirus (SRLv) had a prevalence of 71.66%, Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) of 5%, Leptospira interrogans of 40% and Ovine Gammaherpesvirus type 2 (OvHV-2) of 50%. The percentages of goats that tested positive for one, two or three diseases were 31.67%, 50% and 11.66% respectively. Haematological alterations included hyperproteinaemia (84.94 ± 1.58 g/L) and hyperfibrinogenaemia (6.11 ± 0.65 g/L) for those with one or two diseases, with significant differences being found (P < 0.05). The welfare indicators related to health and the number of diseases were poor body condition, poor coat, poor udder conformation, and mucosal lesions (P < 0.05). However, no significant differences were observed between HCC and the number of chronic diseases in dairy goats (P > 0.05). Higher concentrations of cortisol in hair were found at 150 days of lactation (16.65 ± 1.39 pg/mg) compared to the mating season (9.55 ± 0.04 pg/mg) (P < 0.05). No associations were found (P > 0.05) between the production, composition, and somatic cell counts in milk and cortisol concentrations and diseases. It was concluded that the presence of chronic diseases in goats did not influence hair cortisol concentrations, possibly due to an effect of adaptive tolerance to diseases, as occurs in other domestic species; however, there was an effect of the productive stage
Serological evidence of Coxiella burnetii in sheep herds from Lonquimay valley in the Chilean Andes
Get PDFCoxiella burnetii is the causative agent of Q Fever, a worldwide zoonotic disease that causes acute flu-like illness and chronic manifestations in humans in the form of endocarditis, hepatitis, and other symptoms. Domestic ruminants are the most important reservoirs of the bacteria, transmitting infections to humans during the calving/lambing season through direct contact with contaminated fetal tissues or inhalation of dust particles. The aim of this study was to provide serological evidence and estimate the individual true seroprevalence of C. burnetii exposure in sheep herds in Lonquimay, and to characterize farmers’ knowledge of coxiellosis. A disease freedom survey was conducted in 30 sheep herds selected from the Indigenous Territorial Development Program database (PDTI). A total of 260 blood samples were tested using ELISA for C. burnetii antibody detection. Disease freedom and true animal-level prevalence were estimated, and a questionnaire was administered during farm visits to characterize farmers’ zoonotic knowledge. A positive result was found in 3% (1) of the sampled herds, and the true animal prevalence (mTALP) was higher than previous unpublished estimations (mTALP 4.2%, 95% PPI 1.6%–9%). The estimated probability of the study sheep population not being free of C. burnetii was 34%. A lack of knowledge regarding C. burnetii or the consequences of Q Fever was detected, along with risky behaviors that could facilitate pathogen transmission. This study revealed evidence of exposure to C. burnetii, with low individual and herd-level prevalence. Initiatives to improve zoonotic knowledge among farmers need to be implemented in the short term