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The Documentation of Chedungun and the Pewenche Highlands: Phase One
Get PDFThis article provides a descriptive guide to the documentation of Chedungun, the regional variant of Mapudungun (ISO 639-2 code arn) that is spoken by the Pewenche people. The 15-hour documentation is currently deposited in the Endangered Language Archive (ELAR) and corresponds to Phase One of a long-term initiative that is currently progressing to a postdoctoral project (Phase Two). Both phases are supported and funded by the Endangered Languages Documentation Programme. Since the objective of the project is to document the endangered migratory lifestyle and language of the Pewenche people, we will reflect on how the territorial inaccessibility imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic challenged the project’s elemental strategy, which relied on several documentary journeys to the lands that are seasonally occupied by the Pewenche during the summer for transhumance purposes. We will show why the collaborative workflow sustained by self-documentation practices evolved from an auxiliary tool to a regular and essential element of the team’s current and future projects
Effect of an Intra-Sets Variable Resistance Potentiation Protocol on Throwing Speed in Elite Female Handball Players
Get PDFThe peak velocity of an athlete’s throws is a determining factor for sports performance. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of a post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) protocol with functional electro-mechanical dynamometry (FEMD) on throwing velocity. Thirteen international-level female handball players voluntarily participated in the study. The PAPE protocol considered four sets of eight repetitions controlled by FEMD (four at 30% of 1RM followed by another four at 60% of 1RM). After each series, the athletes’ throwing velocity was measured. Significant differences (p < 0.01) were found in the effect size (ES), which measures the strength of the statistical relationship between two variables by group with the repeated measures ANOVA statistic with an effect size ω2 = 0.028. The effect size analysis identified measurements that are considered null for the baseline—PAPE 1 comparison and small baseline—PAPE 2, baseline—PAPE 3, and baseline—PAPE 4. When resistance is controlled during the run as with an FEMD device, only two sets of eight repetitions (four repetitions at 30% and four repetitions at 60% of 1RM) are required for the improvement of throwing speed in elite handball players
Demographic rise of sea urchin Centrostephanus sylviae on Robinson Crusoe and Santa Clara Islands at the Juan Fernandez Archipelago: A biophysical and ecological approach
Get PDFThe large increase in the population of long-spined sea urchins (Centrostephanus sylviae) has gained significant attention in the past decade due to the rise in the number of individuals reported as bycatch in Juan Fernandez rock lobster traps (Jasus frontalis) and the risks associated with changes in the ecosystem structure due to the increase in bleaching of reefs in the Juan Fernandez Archipelago (JFA). We explored the demographic surge of the C. sylviae population on Robinson Crusoe and Santa Clara islands (RC-SC) through changes in the relative abundance of adult sea urchins during the years 2015–2022. To seek an explanation for this phenomenon, we explored the potential contributions of early life stages of sea urchins to the adult population via biophysical modeling. We performed simulations of larval dispersal patterns and connectivity between release and recruitment zones for three study years (2013, 2015, and 2018). The results from larval drift simulations combined with observation data from the crustacean fishery monitoring program helped identify recruitment zones (primarily located in the eastern, southeastern, and southwestern areas of RC-SC). Also, we explored the relationship between the relative abundance of adult sea urchins and traits associated with lobsters due to the predator-prey relationship evident in other ecosystems (i.e., in Tasmania and New Zealand). We explored the potential control by lobsters of the sea urchin population size through generalized linear models by analyzing several predictor variables. The results showed that once all zones were combined there was an inverse correlation between the relative abundance of sea urchins and the largest lobsters found in the traps around the islands. This work highlights the complex ecological dynamics resulting from the increase in the C. sylviae population in the JFA system, emphasizing the importance of addressing this issue through ecosystemic and socio-ecologically integrated approaches
Seismic resilience of simply supported bridges subjected to subduction earthquakes
No full textSeismic resilience is essential for maintaining the functionality and safety of transportation infrastructure, especially in areas prone to subduction earthquakes. Simply supported bridges, which constitute a significant portion of highway networks, are particularly susceptible to damage caused by seismic events, often resulting in connectivity disruptions and expensive repairs. This study assesses the impact of various failure mechanisms on the seismic resilience of these structures, considering insights from the 2010 Maule earthquake in Chile. Fourteen bridge models were analyzed and designed according to the pre- and post-2010 Chilean seismic design code. Nonlinear dynamic simulations were performed using OpenSees, incorporating soil-structure interaction effects to capture realistic response behaviors. Fragility curves were developed for multiple damage states, and a resilience assessment framework was applied to quantify functionality loss and recovery time. Results evince that bridges designed under the updated seismic code exhibit lower probabilities of severe damage and faster recovery times, primarily due to improved detailing and increased structural capacity. These findings emphasize the necessity of incorporating performance-based seismic design principles that account for the interplay between failure mechanisms, repairability, and long-term functionality
Skin-Mucus Prokaryote Community of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) in Response to Bath Challenge With Tenacibaculum dicentrarchi
No full textFish skin mucus is continuously replaced by epidermal cells, making it a highly dynamic microenvironment and an effective barrier against waterborne pathogens. The objective of this study was to understand the effects of tenacibaculosis, caused by the bacterium Tenacibaculum dicentrarchi, on the skin-associated microbiome of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). We used a vector-free and waterborne infection model of T. dicentrarchi strain TdCh05 in Atlantic salmon smolts for 21 days. Skin swab samples were collected at 2 h and 21 days post-infection (hpi and dpi, respectively) for 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing using DNA or complementary DNA (cDNA) as templates. Non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis grouped the samples into distinct clusters depending on the treatment and template. Similarity-Percentage (SIMPER) analysis indicated that between ~42% and 43% of the total amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) across all samples accounted for 90% of the compositional differences among all treatments and the two templates, highlighting the contribution of Tenacibaculum ASVs. Comparisons (by SIMPER) between non-infected and TdCh05-challenged fish at 2 hpi indicated that Tenacibaculum ASVs contributed to between ~52% and 58% of the differences in compositional clustering between samples. A significant drop in skin-mucus alpha diversity in TdCh05-challenged fish was also detected, followed by alpha diversity recovery at 21 dpi. In turn, at 21 dpi, microbiome changes were related to higher interaction complexity among taxa and community instability. Furthermore, 16S cDNA-based sequencing indicated that the potential activity of the Atlantic salmon skin-associated microbiome during disease progression was primarily driven by Tenacibaculum spp. Further research is needed to elucidate the role of other potentially active components (e.g., Pseudomonadales) of the skin-associated microbiome for the onset and/or progression of tenacibaculosis
Periodic orbits and KAM tori of a particle around a homogeneous elongated body
No full textWe analyse the dynamics of an infinitesimal particle around an elongated body, which is modelled as a homogeneous fixed straight segment centred at the origin. We assume that the length of the segment is small compared with the distance to the particle. After a Lie–Deprit normalization, we end up with a Hamiltonian that has not only the mean anomaly but also the argument of the perigee relegated to terms or third order or higher. We employ invariant and reduction theories to reduce the artificial symmetries associated with the Kepler flow and the central action of the angular momentum. Analysing the relative equilibria in the first and second reduced spaces allows us to determine the existence of near-polar circular periodic orbits and KAM tori
The scotistdualism between nature and freedom and its consequences in Philosophy and modern culture
Get PDFEste trabajo analiza un aspecto del pensamiento de Duns Escoto, que nos parece relevante en la conformación de la filosofía y la cultura moderna, a saber: su concepción dualista de la libertad y la naturaleza, entendidoa como contra-distintas o contrapuestas. Esta contraposición metafísica y antropológica escotista fue recepcionada y continuada en los siglos XIV, XV y XVI hasta influir en la filosofía y la cultura moderna (es muy clara esta dicotomía en Descartes y en Kant, por ejemplo). Ensayamos aquí un análisis crítico de esta concepción de la libertad y –para no quedarnos en la crítica– proponemos cómo sería concebir la relación entre libertad y naturaleza de forma no voluntarista, es decir, en términos de una complementariedad más equilibrada
The interpretation of immanent activity as intra-psychic production in the philosophy and theology of Duns Scotus
Get PDFEl propósito del artículo es mostrar y analizar críticamente cómo Duns Escoto (1891, 1893, 1960) utiliza explícita, frecuente y abundantemente el concepto de “producción” para hablar tanto de los procesos mentales que se desarrollan en la mente humana como de los procesos trinitarios que se desarrollan en la divinidad. Comparamos dicho uso del concepto de producción en la filosofía escotista con el planteamiento de la filosofía aristotélica y tomista, así como el de la agustiniana y otros autores medievales contemporáneos a Escoto o posteriores. Mediante un análisis histórico-filosófico y crítico-textual, concluimos que en Escoto (1968) hay una interpretación de los actos inmanentes diferente a la aristotélica, que conduce a introducir una compleja dualidad entre la actividad elicitante o productiva y el acto inmanente como efecto o término de la misma, que generó cierta confusión al respecto y una pérdida del genuino sentido de la praxis o “actividad inmanente” en sentido clásico
Reconstruction and numerical modeling of historical and paleo-tsunamigenic landslides in Lake Rupanco, Chile
No full textLandslide-induced tsunamis pose a significant yet underrecognized hazard in lake-rich, tectonically active regions such as south-central Chile. This study reconstructs and numerically models two contrasting tsunamigenic landslide scenarios in Lake Rupanco: (i) a multi-source subaerial landslide triggered by the 1960 Valdivia earthquake (Mw 9.5), and (ii) a large, deep-seated paleo-landslide inferred from geomorphological and bathymetric evidence. Field surveys, historical imagery, and a high-resolution topo-bathymetric dataset were used to define landslide geometries and initial conditions. Simulations were performed using the Landslide-HySEA model, calibrated through a global sensitivity analysis to constrain key rheological parameters. The 1960 scenario generated peak wave amplitudes of up to 33.3 m, while the paleo-landslide produced waves reaching 22.0 m. Both events resulted in run-up heights exceeding 10 m and inundation distances over 200 m along the lake’s eastern and southern shores. The results demonstrate that landslide dynamics—not just volume—are critical in tsunami generation, and highlight the importance of integrating both historical and paleo-events into hazard assessments for confined water bodies in seismically active settings
Velocity-Based Approaches More Accurately Estimated the One-Repetition Maximum (1RM) After Four Weeks of Training Compared to Baseline and Group-Adjusted 1RM Approaches
Get PDFThis study aimed to determine whether traditional approaches based on baseline or group-adjusted 1RM values, or velocity-based methods, provide more accurate 1RM estimations after short-term training programs. Thirty resistance-trained men were randomly assigned to either a ballistic training group (bench press [BP] throw at 40% 1RM) or a traditional strength training group (BP at 70–90% 1RM) for 4 weeks (2 sessions/week). The post-intervention BP 1RM was compared to four 1RM estimations: (i) baseline 1RM—the pre-intervention value without modification; (ii) group-adjusted 1RM—the baseline adjusted by the group-level percentage change in 1RM; (iii) load-velocity profile—estimated post-intervention as the load corresponding to a mean velocity of 0.17 m·s−1; and (iv) baseline %1RM–velocity extrapolation—estimated from a single post-intervention velocity applied to the pre-intervention individual %1RM–velocity relationship. Trivial differences (ES < 0.20) were found between actual and estimated 1RM, except for a small underestimation using baseline 1RM in both groups (ballistic: ES = −0.28; traditional: ES = −0.23). Velocity-based methods showed greater accuracy (absolute errors: 2.0–2.1 kg) compared to baseline (5.1 kg) and group-adjusted (4.4 kg) approaches. These results suggest that, after a 4-week training period, velocity-based methods provide more accurate guidance for load prescription than baseline 1RM values