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Sentient Intercultural Self-Efficacy: Constructing Intercultural Competence in Health Sciences students
Get PDFIntroduction: The increase in migration movements, global health challenges, and the requirements of different organizations have emphasized the importance of Constructing Intercultural Competence (ICC). However, not all countries have policies to achieve this. Therefore, this research aimed to understand the process of constructing Intercultural Competence in the professional training of Health Sciences students.
Methods: A qualitative study with a Grounded Theory design was conducted. Semi-structured interviews, lasting 40 to 50 minutes, were conducted with students in their last year of training to comply with the intensity sampling. Theoretical sampling was achieved using the Constant Comparative Methods, interview refinements, and data saturation by program and university to propose theoretical codes. Focused Coding allowed grouping and establishing relationships between the codes and categories. Two accredited Ethics Committees in Chile approved the study.
Results: 106 students from three universities, including medicine, midwifery, nursing, nutrition, dentistry, pharmacy, and kinesiology, participated. Two categories were formed: 1) the construct of Intercultural Competence, composed of seven stages which were named Sentient Intercultural Self-Efficacy; and 2) precursors of the construct of Intercultural Competence, composed of intrapersonal characteristics, the nature of empathy and the materialization of will.
Conclusion: The precursors to the construction seem to favor critical thinking, which enables the development of Sentient Intercultural Self-Efficacy. However, the strong influence of valid scientific evidence, combined with vicarious learning, causes a setback in achieving the construction. This demonstrates the need to develop a critical perspective among students to challenge the prevailing status quo characterized by an equality and ethnocentric approach to patient care. Achieving Intercultural Alternative Thinking, where individuals are open to incorporating other treatment alternatives that may not necessarily have scientific evidence but could benefit patient recovery, is essential
Does the Grammatical Structure of Prompts Influence the Responses of Generative Artificial Intelligence? An Exploratory Analysis in Spanish
Get PDFGenerative Artificial Intelligence (AI) has transformed personal and professional domains by enabling creative content generation and problem-solving. However, the influence of users’ grammatical abilities on AI-generated responses remains unclear. This exploratory study examines how language and grammar abilities in Spanish affect the quality of responses from ChatGPT (version 3.5). Despite the robust performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) in various tasks, they face challenges with grammatical moods specific to non-English languages, such as the subjunctive in Spanish. Higher education students were chosen as participants due to their familiarity with AI and its potential use in learning. The study assessed ChatGPT’s ability to process instructions in Chilean Spanish, analyzing how linguistic complexity, grammatical variations, and informal language impacted output quality. The results indicate that varied verbal moods and complex sentence structures significantly influence prompt evaluation, response quality, and response length. Based on these findings, a framework is proposed to guide higher education communities in promoting digital literacy and integrating AI into teaching and learning
Teacher leaders' noticing of argumentative orchestration
No full textTeacher leaders (TLs) play a pivotal role in monitoring and fostering teacher awareness to enhance the quality of teaching practices, particularly in domains like mathematics education. Within the mathematics curriculum across various nations, this monitoring effort has been channelled towards nurturing crucial competencies such as argumentation among students. While existing literature underscores the significance of instructional support in fostering student argumentation, it’s imperative to recognize that developing a keen sense of noticing extends beyond merely understanding students’ thinking processes. It involves a multifaceted approach encompassing elements like deciphering teacher responses. In the context of a professional development initiative aimed at supporting TLs to promote argumentation within mathematics classrooms, we delved into the participation of novice TLs in a program session. Our goal was to assess their capacity to identify critical events crucial for supporting argumentation in teaching and learning scenarios related to mathematics. During the session, TLs were presented with a video depicting a student argumentation scenario, tasked with recognizing key events and interpreting them in the context of fostering argumentation through instructional support. We employed an adapted noticing scale van Es (in: Sherin MG, Jacobs V, Philipp R (eds) Mathematics teacher noticing: seeing through teachers' eyes, Routledge, Abingdon, pp 134–151, 2011) to evaluate their responses, explicitly focusing on critical events within argumentative orchestration. Findings show that TLs demonstrated an estimable level of proficiency in recognizing essential events of argumentation. Notably, a majority showed an ability to establish meaningful connections between identified critical events and a framework for argumentative orchestration. This suggests promising potential for TLs to support and facilitate argumentation within mathematics education settings effectively
Assessment of histological changes caused by the trematode Tylodelphys sp. in the central nervous system of Galaxias maculatus
Get PDFAbstract A recent experimental study has reported significant changes in the behaviour of the fish Galaxias maculatus due to the presence of the parasite trematode Tylodelphys sp. in its cranial cavity. The underlying mechanisms of these behavioural changes remain unknown. This study aims to elucidate potential histological alterations caused by the trematode Tylodelphys sp. in G. maculatus hosts.Specifically, cranial tissues from parasitized and non-parasitized fish were compared to assess possible structural changes or lesions associated with the presence of the parasites.It was found that Tylodelphys sp. does not induce visible changes in the brain, meningeal tissue, or cranial bones of the fish. Tylodelphys sp. primary resides in the posterior region ofthe cranial cavity, within the cerebrospinal fluid surrounding the brain near the hypothalamus, basal nuclei, and other structures related to vision and locomotion. Therefore, Tylodelphys sp. appears to influence the behaviour of its fish host without causing direct damage to the brain tissue, possibly through increased cerebrospinal fluid pressure or chemical interactions with the host’s brain, mechanisms that should be further investigated in future studies
Geometric Numerical Test via Collective Integrators: A Tool for Orbital and Attitude Propagation
Get PDFWe propose a novel numerical test to evaluate the reliability of numerical propagations, leveraging the fiber bundle structure of phase space typically induced by Lie symmetries, though not exclusively. This geometric test simultaneously verifies two properties: (i) preservation of conservation principles, and (ii) faithfulness to the symmetry-induced fiber bundle structure. To generalize the approach to systems lacking inherent symmetries, we construct an associated collective system endowed with an artificial G-symmetry. The original system then emerges as the G-reduced version of this collective system. By integrating the collective system and monitoring G-fiber bundle conservation, our test quantifies numerical precision loss and detects geometric structure violations more effectively than classical integral-based checks. Numerical experiments demonstrate the superior performance of this method, particularly in long-term simulations of rigid body dynamics and perturbed Keplerian systems
The Teaching Narrative Seminar (TNS): Innovative strategy to connect theory and pedagogical experience
Get PDFLa formación inicial docente, tradicionalmente, intenta vincular la teoría y la práctica sin lograrlo totalmente. Por eso se requieren estrategias alternativas que disminuyan tal brecha. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo comprender cómo la participación en el Seminario Narrativo Docente (SND) contribuye a la innovación en la formación docente respecto de la articulación entre la teoría y los saberes construidos en la escuela, desde la perspectiva de formadores de docentes de dos universidades regionales de Chile. La investigación fue interpretativa; se realizó un estudio de caso instrumental que contempló 10 formadores de docentes de universidades regionales. Se obtuvieron los datos mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas, empleando un muestreo cualitativo de variación máxima; se realizó análisis de contenido con el programa N-VIVO. Los hallazgos indican que el SND, con su énfasis en la experiencia y la conexión teoría-vivencia, se presenta como una práctica formativa innovadora que desafía el enfoque tradicional de la formación docente caracterizado por una mayor valoración de la teoría por sobre la práctica. Se concluye que el SND es una alternativa de formación que integra el saber práctico construido en lo vivido en las escuelas, favoreciendo un aprendizaje profesional significativo y situado
Predation by shell-breaking crabs on a marine gastropod along a latitudinal gradient in the southwestern Atlantic: influence of extrinsic and intrinsic factors
No full textBiotic interactions—and predation in particular—are thought to follow a latitudinal gradient, increasing towards the tropics; yet empirical evidence remains contradictory and largely based on studies from the Northern Hemisphere. Moreover, the role of environmental variables shaping latitudinal gradients of predation intensity has seldom been tested. Here, we quantify predation by shell-breaking crabs on modern shells of the marine gastropod Trophon geversianus along a latitudinal gradient (40°–54° S) on the southwestern Atlantic coast. We further evaluate how intrinsic factors (four shell morphometric traits) and extrinsic factors (seven environmental variables and the biogeographic region) jointly influence predation patterns. Fragmentation from crushing predation affected 37% of the shells (544 out of 1480), with the most frequent damage types being major body whorl damage (28%), deep aperture chips (11%) and extensive aperture chips (6%). When analysed by biogeographic province, fragmentation increased significantly towards the south in the Magellan province. Notably, random forest modelling revealed that intrinsic factors—particularly shell size and thickness—were stronger predictors than extrinsic factors in driving latitudinal variability of shell-breaking crab predation. By highlighting the dominant influence of intrinsic factors over extrinsic ones, this study emphasizes the crucial role of species-specific traits in shaping predator–prey interactions across biogeographic regions
Meta-análise sobre o efeito da integração de tecnologias imersivas na aprendizagem no ensino básico
Get PDFLas tecnologías inmersivas como la realidad aumentada y la realidad virtual tienen un progresivo interés de investigación en educación. Si bien existen desde hace algunas décadas, recientemente han sido alcanzables para su integración en las aulas, por la disminución del costo asociado y el desarrollo de pantallas de alta calidad. Para determinar el impacto de las tecnologías inmersivas en el rendimiento académico, esta investigación efectuó un metanálisis siguiendo lineamientos de la declaración PRISMA para la búsqueda de artículos y utilizando el módulo MAJOR del software JAMOVI para el análisis de datos. La búsqueda se realizó en las bases Web of Science, Scopus y ERIC, considerando el período de 2018 a 2023. La muestra consistió en 18 artículos que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión establecidos. Los resultados evidencian un aprendizaje significativamente más alto en la integración de tecnologías inmersivas a diferencia de las estrategias tradicionales. Futuras investigaciones podrían indagar en el impacto de las tecnologías sobre las actitudes hacia el aprendizaje, las emociones, el compromiso académico y las habilidades para el siglo XXI
Anisotropic Ferricyanide Ionic Liquids and Confined SCILLs for Selective CO2 Fixation via NHC–CO2 Mediated Catch-and-Release Catalysis
Get PDFThe reduction of CO2 into value-added chemicals offers a promising approach to mitigate air pollution while simultaneously generating economic value. In this context, the chemical fixation of CO2 into epoxides to generate cyclic carbonates is a sustainable technique due to its high atom efficiency. In this work, we report the preparation of simple iron-based ionic liquids (ILs) derived from hexacyanoferrate(III), (Fe(CN)6), which exhibit remarkable activity and selectivity toward cyclic carbonate formation. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations demonstrate that the contact ion pair organization in the IL is anisotropic, exhibiting a distinct spatial arrangement. The IL efficiently catalyzed the conversion of various epoxides using only 1.0 mol % IL under mild conditions (1–2 bar, 70–100 °C). Moreover, solid catalysts containing ionic liquid layers (SCILLs), akin to catch-and-release catalytic systems, are developed that demonstrate remarkable activity, achieving turnover numbers (TONs) of 265–729 for aliphatic epoxides and 83–668 for aromatic epoxides, with 99% selectivity toward cyclic carbonates under the same mild conditions. A monolayer of IL enhances local charge density by aligning cations and anions into distinct layers on SiO2, therefore creating nanoconfined spaces within the SCILL (solid catalysts with IL layer). These confined domains function as a “catch-and-release” catalytic system, controlling the diffusion of epoxides, CO2, and intermediates toward the active sites while facilitating the release of products from the microionic environment. An in situ NMR study conducted under realistic experimental conditions revealed that the reaction mechanism involves the formation of 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium-2-carboxylate (NHC–CO2) intermediate, thereby challenging the classical understanding of IL-assisted catalysis and providing new fundamental insights into the field
Women’s Participation in Top Management Business Positions and the Internationalization Process. Evidence for Chilean Companies
Get PDFIn recent times, women have been increasing their participation in company management positions, occupying positions on the board of directors, and making strategic decisions with a view to the international expansion of the firms. However, the evidence of the participation of women in the processes of internationalization of companies is not conclusive or adequate for emerging economies, such as those in Latin America. Based on this premise, we conducted this research using data from 1,246 firms included in the Fifth Longitudinal Survey of Chilean Companies. These companies are categorized into four industries: 98 in extractive, 149 in manufacturing, 285 in Commercial, and 714 in services. A Tobit regression model to estimate the influence of the presence of women in senior management and gender diversity on boards on the export intensity of the company. The main findings show that women in the position of CEO and a higher percentage of women on boards of directors do not affect the export intensity of the company. They also show that the relationship between foreign ownership and export intensity was positive and, finally, that export intensity did not depend on gender diversity in high-level administrative positions. An important limitation of this research is not having a data panel for each company to estimate their evolution over time thus, as well as information related to compensation contracts for management teams. For future research, we are interested in studying the effect of ownership on the internationalization process