Repositorio Institucional UCSC (Univ. Católica de la Santísima Concepción)
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Parental control and aggression in children and adolescents: a systematic review of the literature
Get PDFActualmente contamos con una considerable cantidad de investigación sobre la agresión entre niños y adolescentes que destaca la relevancia de las estrategias parentales como antecedentes. Sin embargo, existen pocos estudios que sistematicen los trabajos disponibles sobre los efectos de los subtipos de control parental en cada categoría específica de agresión. La presente revisión es un intento de integrar en un mismo estudio las investigaciones actualizadas sobre los efectos diferenciales del control, tanto conductual como psicológico, sobre la agresión, en general, y sus tipos (abierta, relacional, proactiva, reactiva, bullying), en particular. Para esta revisión, se buscaron, codificaron y clasificaron estudios publicados entre los años 2018 hasta el 2023 que consideramos relevantes en la temática. Como resultado, se identificaron 28 trabajos. Los resultados mostraron que un mayor control psicológico parental parece contribuir a la conducta externalizante y más concretamente a la conducta agresiva de sus hijos, sin que esta relación sea moderada por el país de origen, ni la normatividad cultural del control psicológico en el país de estudio, ni la edad del adolescente. Por otro lado, no se ha encontrado consenso suficiente entre los estudios revisados en la conceptualización e instrumentos de medida del control conductual parental ni en los resultados sobre las asociaciones de este tipo de control con la conducta externalizante y/o agresiva de los hijos, evidenciándose que la cultura puede actuar como variable moderadora. En los próximos años, los autores podrían centrarse en consensuar el concepto, los componentes y los instrumentos de medida del control parental, especialmente el control conductual, considerar la especificidad de las distintas categorías de agresión, y dilucidar el papel del género del progenitor y del adolescente en cada una de estas relaciones específicas
A general Bayesian model-validation framework based on null-test evidence ratios, with an example application to global 21-cm cosmology
No full textComparing composite models for multi-component observational data is a prevalent scientific challenge. When fitting composite models, there exists the potential for systematics from a poor fit of one model component to be absorbed by another, resulting in the composite model providing an accurate fit to the data in aggregate but yielding biased a posteriori estimates for individual components. We begin by defining a classification scheme for composite model comparison scenarios, identifying two categories: category I, where models with accurate and predictive components are separable through Bayesian comparison of the unvalidated composite models, and category II, where models with accurate and predictive components may not be separable due to interactions between components, leading to spurious detections or biased signal estimation. To address the limitations of category II model comparisons, we introduce the Bayesian Null Test Evidence Ratio-based (BaNTER) validation framework. Applying this classification scheme and BaNTER to a composite model comparison problem in 21-cm cosmology, where minor systematics from imperfect foreground modelling can bias global 21-cm signal recovery, we validate six composite models using mock data. We show that incorporating BaNTER alongside Bayes-factor-based comparison reliably ensures unbiased inferences of the signal of interest across both categories, positioning BaNTER as a valuable addition to Bayesian inference workflows with potential applications across diverse fields
Prevención de riesgos con perspectiva de género y el rol de la negociación colectiva en estas materias
No full textEl presente artículo examina el deber de seguridad del empleador, con perspectiva de género, en cuanto las medidas de prevención deben ser adoptadas a la luz de las particularidades de las mujeres y cómo respecto de ellas impactan determinadas labores y la exposición a determinados elementos que pudieran resultar especialmente nocivos en atención a su condición de mujer
Anglo-Chilean relations during the South Atlantic’s conflicts, 1978-1984: Analysis of the links between the Beagle crisis and the Falklands (Malvinas) war
No full textEsta investigación pretende identificar nuevos vínculos entre la Crisis del Beagle y la Guerra de las Falklands/Malvinas en el periodo 1978-1984. Argumentamos en favor de comprender el diferendo austral como un factor que explica el acercamiento anglo-chileno de cara a la Guerra de las Falklands/Malvinas. Asimismo, se reconoce la victoria británica en esta conflagración, como una de las causas que propiciaron la caída de la dictadura argentina y su política exterior, lo que redundó en la conclusión del litigio chileno-argentino. Para ello, se analizaran documentos de The National Archives, Thatcher Foundation y Las Memorias del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores chileno
Trends and Applications of Hydro-Morphological Modeling in Estuarine Systems: A Systematic Review of the Past 15 Years
Get PDFEstuaries are dynamic ecosystems with crucial environmental, economic, and social functions, driving extensive hydro-morphological research supported by numerical modeling. This study systematically reviews estuarine modeling applications over the past 15 years to identify commonly used tools, model configurations, and validation strategies, to examine regional trends in the application, and to explore and discuss the relative emphasis on hydrodynamic, sediment transport, and morphological modeling within the selected studies. Following the PRISMA 2020 methodology, a comprehensive search in Scopus and Web of Science identified 3926 articles, from which 197 met the eligibility criteria. Each study was analyzed to assess modeling software, mesh types, dimensional configurations, and validation parameters. Results indicate that DELFT3D is the most widely used tool, followed by TELEMAC and FVCOM, with a preference for two-dimensional models and structured meshes. Model accuracy, assessed through Skill Scores, confirms their reliability in representing estuarine dynamics. Additionally, findings reveal significant geographical disparities, with China leading research efforts, while Latin America and Africa remain underrepresented. This gap highlights the need to expand modeling efforts in these regions to enhance estuarine management and resilience. Strengthening numerical modeling in diverse contexts will improve the predictive capacity of hydro-morphological processes, supporting sustainable decision-making in estuarine environments
A posteriori error analysis of mixed finite element methods for a regularized u(I)-rheology model of granular materials
No full textWe consider a Banach spaces-based mixed variational formulation recently proposed for the stationary u(I)-rheology model of granular materials, and develop the first reliable and efficient residual-based a posteriori error estimator for its associated mixed finite element scheme in both 2D and 3D, considering PEERS and AFW-based discretizations. For the reliability analysis, and due to the nonlinear nature of the problem, we employ the first-order Gâteaux derivative of the global operator involved in the problem, combined with appropriate small-data assumptions, a stable Helmholtz decomposition in nonstandard Banach spaces, and local approximation properties of the Raviart–Thomas and Clément interpolants. In turn, inverse inequalities, the localization technique based on bubble functions in local
Lp-spaces, and known results from previous works are the main tools yielding the efficiency estimate. Finally, several numerical examples confirming the theoretical properties of the estimator and illustrating the performance of the associated adaptive algorithms are reported. In particular, the case of fluid flow through a 2D cavity with two circular obstacles is considered
Effects of reduced voluntary effort on muscle mechanical properties during loaded medicine ball throws
Get PDFThe present study aimed to investigate changes in muscle mechanical properties (velocity, force, and power) during the seated medicine ball throw (MBT) test under conditions of voluntary reduced effort across various loadings. Twelve males (21.0 ± 1.2 years) performed the MBT against four loadings (0.43 kg, 2 kg, 4 kg, 6 kg) and three effort levels (50%, 75%, and 100%). Results revealed a consistent decrease in absolute velocity was observed across all loading levels (p < 0.01), with the most pronounced alterations at the lowest load (0.43 kg; p < 0.001). In contrast, reductions in absolute force and power under reduced effort were more significant with higher loadings (2–6 kg; p < 0.01). The relative decreases in velocity and force were notably smaller than those in power (p < 0.001), with the relative decrease in power closely following effort instructions across all loadings. These findings highlighting muscle power as a key indicator of effort during loaded submaximal MBT. The study supports the use of loaded submaximal MBT in rehabilitation and exercise programs as an effective method to assess neuromuscular performance and manage exercise intensity for individuals unable to perform at maximum effort
Enhancing Mathematics Teacher Training in Higher Education: The Role of Lesson Study and Didactic Suitability Criteria in Pedagogical Innovation
Get PDFThe integration of Lesson Study (LS) and Didactic Suitability Criteria (DSC) presents an innovative framework for enhancing mathematics teacher training in higher education. This study examines how LS-DSC fosters instructional refinement, professional growth, and pedagogical transformation among in-service teachers. Using a quasi-experimental mixed-methods approach, the study analyzed data from 520 mathematics educators participating in a six-month training program incorporating collaborative lesson planning, structured pedagogical assessment, and reflective teaching practices. Findings indicate significant improvements in instructional design, mathematical discourse facilitation, and adaptive teaching strategies, with post-training evaluations demonstrating a strong positive correlation (r = 0.78) between initial competency levels and learning gains. Participants reported increased confidence in implementing student-centered methodologies and sustained engagement in peer collaboration beyond the training period. The results align with prior research emphasizing the effectiveness of lesson study models and structured evaluation frameworks in teacher professionalization. This study contributes to higher education policy and practice by advocating for the institutional adoption of LS-DSC methodologies to promote evidence-based professional development. Future research should explore the long-term scalability of LS-DSC in diverse educational contexts and its impact on student learning outcomes
Dynamics Around Elongated Bodies: The Role of Asymmetric Mass Distribution and Rotation Rate
No full textThis work investigates the qualitative dynamics of a massless particle around elongated bodies modeled with a linearly varying density function. We assume that the segment rotates uniformly with angular velocity w, with the fixed segment considered as a special case. For the rotating straight segment, we identify four equilibria: two collinear and two triangular. The primary novelty of our work is the detection of a pitchfork bifurcation, wherein, under slow and moderate rotation, the triangular equilibria shift toward and merge with one of the collinear points, while remaining distinct in fast rotations. This feature, previously unreported, is visualized through Hill’s regions and highlights how both rotation rate and asymmetry in mass distribution affect orbital dynamics, providing new insights into gravitational environments near irregularly shaped bodies. Additionally, we analyze the linear stability of the relative equilibria. Finally, for the fixed straight segment, we examine singular solutions, showing that any solution not defined globally over time leads the particle to eventually approach the segment at a distance of zero. In the one-dimensional problem, all singularities are observed to result from collisions
Effects of AI-Assisted Feedback via Generative Chat on Academic Writing in Higher Education Students: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Get PDFThe use of generative chat in education has become widespread over the last four years, raising many questions about its use and the effects of AI on learning. The aim of the current systematic review is to analyze the main effects of feedback through the use of generative chat on the production of academic texts by university students. This research is defined as a systematic review of the literature according to the guidelines of the PRISMA statement. The search was conducted in three international important databases (Scopus, Eric, and WoS), from which 12 articles were selected. The results highlighted that there are positive effects on university students’ writing when generative chat is used as a means of providing feedback. Among the main results, it was observed that feedback via chat helps to improve aspects mainly associated with the structure and organization of texts, allows for the proper use of grammatical conventions, and improves the fluency and cohesion of sentences, as well as the precision of ideas and vocabulary. In addition, other benefits were observed in the review, such as improved self-efficacy, self-regulation, proactivity, motivation, and reflection on writing, which promotes critical thinking about the text but also about AI, reducing anxiety and stress