Repositorio académico de acceso abierto (Univ. Autonóma de Chile)
Not a member yet
7149 research outputs found
Sort by
The relationship between physical activity and depressive symptoms is domain-specific, age-dependent, and non-linear: An analysis of the Brazilian national health survey
No full textAlthough there is consistent evidence of the beneficial effects of leisure physical activity (PA) on mental health, the role of PA in the domestic, transport, and occupational domains is inconclusive. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between domain-specific PA and depressive symptoms and examine whether the association is moderated by age in a representative sample of the Brazilian population. Cross-sectional data of 89,923 (52.4% female) individuals aged ≥15 years were analyzed. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Physical activity (min/week) performed in different domains (domestic, transport, occupation, and leisure) was self-reported. Generalized additive models with penalized splines were used to explore associations. Lower leisure-time PA and higher levels of PA in the domestic, occupational, and transport domains at distinct PA thresholds were associated with higher depressive symptoms. Leisure PA, even at lower levels, was associated with lower depressive symptoms compared to no PA at all. The increase in depressive symptoms as a function of occupational PA was observed only at PA levels higher than 40 h/week. Although non-leisure PA levels were related to higher depressive symptoms among the total sample, higher domestic and transport PA levels were related to lower depressive symptoms among older adults. This study provides insights into the non-linearity and age-group dependence of the relationship between domain-specific PA and depressive symptoms in a middle-income country. The evidence suggests that care should be taken on recommending PA regardless of context or domain.Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Validation of an Abbreviated Scale of the CENVI Questionnaire to Evaluate the Perception of School Violence and Coexistence Management of Chilean Students: Differences between Pandemic and Post-Pandemic
No full textThe objective of the study was to specify an abbreviated model of the school coexistence questionnaire for non-violence (CENVI) for students from 5th to 8th grade (9 to 14 years old), in order to determine the perception of violence and management of school coexistence, and the differences between Mapuche and non-Mapuche students. A total of 1870 students from schools in the city of Temuco (Chile) responded to the CENVI questionnaire. There were two samples: (1) Pandemic, with online, face-to-face and hybrid classes; and (2) Post-pandemic, with face-to-face classes. Sample 1 consisted of 848 students aged 9 to 15 years (M = 11.90; SD = 1.27). Sample 2 consisted of 1022 students aged 9 to 14 years (M = 11.46; SD = 1.14). The questionnaire was validated using expert inter-judgment and Confirmatory Factor Analysis. A good fit of the proposed model to the data and good internal consistency measured according to the composite reliability were found, and convergent validity was demonstrated. Mapuche students perceived more physical violence and social exclusion. Cut-off points were proposed for the interpretation of the results. In the data, the effect of Coexistence Management on School Violence was null. The discussion approaches the findings from the literature on education in spaces of socio-cultural diversity in a Mapuche context. © 2023 by the authors.Fondecyt Iniciación, (11191041, 1231178); Fondecyt Regular, (1191956); Universidad Católica de Temuco, UCTUniversidad Autónoma de Chil
Repercusiones vocales tras el uso ocupacional de la voz y estrés en profesoras de primaria bajo la modalidad de teletrabajo en la comuna de Temuco. Un estudio piloto
No full textIntroduction. Teleworking as a result of COVID-19 has generated high demands that could promote the generation of vocal overexertion. Aim. To evaluate how working conditions can affect changes in vocal health, evaluate work stress, and assess changes in the vocal quality of elementary teachers in Temuco. Method. Eighteen elementary school teachers from Temuco, Chile, who were tele-working in 2021, were evaluated at the beginning and end of the school year through the Voice Handicap Index (VHI-30), Vocal Tract Discomfort (VTD), Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), and acoustic analysis using long-term average spectrum and disturbance measurements. Results. Only 21% of the teachers had adequate physical space for teleworking. In addition, 52.6% had to share household responsibilities such as taking care of minor children during their teleworking day. The results show an increase in symptoms and feelings of discomfort at the level of the vocal tract measured by the VHI-30 and the VTD. Regarding job stress measured by the Burnout scale, a significant value was found only for the emotional exhaustion subscale. In addition, there were no significant differences in the acoustic parameters Jitter, Shimmer, HNR, and Alpha ratio. Conclusions. The vast majority of the participants reported increased discomfort and self-perceived vocal symptoms (dry throat, vocal fatigue) together with a higher level of stress, which over time can trigger voice disorders. © 2023. Fundación Universitaria María Cano.Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Percepções da violência de gênero em instituições de ensino superior no Chile
No full textThe research addresses a problem almost omitted and hardly discussed in Chile, such as gender violence within university spaces, this being a reality that feminist movements have overseen visualizing in recent years. The research experience was carried out through a quantitative methodology applied in four regions of the country, in universities where the highest rate of student enrollment is concentrated. The results showed, among other findings, that universities are institutions with a highly patriarchal sense, as well as situations of harassment, differentiated treatment, reproduction of degrading jokes towards women, etc. © 2023, SciELO-Scientific Electronic Library Online. All Rights Reserved.Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Capitalism, COVID-19 and lockdowns
No full textCommentators believe that the COVID-19 pandemic reveals the inconveniences of capitalism and that the end of “neoliberalism” could be near. In this article we show that a capitalist ethics is capable to deal with the challenges of pandemics and comes with important advantages such as the prevention of overreactions. We apply both utilitarian and rights-based ethics to the case of epidemics in general and COVID-19 in particular. First a libertarian natural law ethics is used to assess the government interventions in the Corona pandemic. We maintain that these interventions cannot be justified from a libertarian point of view despite of the possible objections that are discussed such as the “potential threat argument”. Moreover, the utilitarian argument in favor of government lockdowns is evaluated. The negative effects of lockdown on mental health, addictions, domestic violence, etc. have to be taken into account. The utilitarian argument in favor of lockdown is far from convincing, as economic calculation is not possible. © 2022 The Authors. Business Ethics, the Environment & Responsibility published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Bernardo FerreroUniversidad Autónoma de Chil
La calidad del uso del tiempo libre de los estudiantes en beneficio del ocio, recreación y actividad física en centros educativos de enseñanza básica de la comuna de Padre las Casas, IX región, Chile
No full textThe present research aims to know the advantages and disadvantages that children aged 11-13 years have in the use of technological devices during their school day, specifically during recess, and thus make known in what they occupy their leisure time, this has been measured through an online survey that was sent to three establishments in the commune of Padre las Casas. The main objective of the study is to determine the quality of the students' use of free time for leisure, recreation and physical activity in formal education in elementary schools in the commune of Padre las Casas. The type of research to be used for this type of study is a descriptive quantitative approach. The main results of the study reveal that elementary school students in semi-urban contexts privilege movement over the use of ICT during free time at school.Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Bibliometric Analysis of Nature-Based Therapy Research
No full textUnrestrained urbanisation and natural space loss are reducing contact with nature in today’s society, producing negative consequences for people’s mental and physical health and wellbeing. Nature-based therapies, such as physical activity in natural settings, forest bathing, therapeutic hiking, or experiential learning, reduce anxiety and depressive symptoms and improve the quality of life in both general and specific populations. A bibliometric analysis of research on nature-based therapies was performed by applying the traditional laws of bibliometrics (exponential growth law, Bradford’s concentration law, Lotka’s law, Zipf’s law, etc.) to documents published in journals indexed in the Core Collection of the Web of Science (WoS). Graphical visualisation was performed using the VOSviewer software. Annual publications between 2006 and 2021 presented an exponential growth trend (R2 = 91%). The International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (MDPI) and Urban Forestry & Urban Greening (Elsevier) were the most productive and cited journals. Ikei, Miyazaki, and Song are the most cited prolific authors. The USA and South Korea were the countries with the highest scientific production. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in adventure, nature, and forest therapies among researchers. Nature-based therapies have experienced a growing interest in recent years. Positive effects on mental, physical, and emotional health have been found in different populations and research lines, although more studies with different designs and populations are needed. © 2023 by the authors.Universidad de Las Américas Chile, UDLAUniversidad Autónoma de Chil
Steps per day and health-related quality of life in schoolchildren: the mediator role of cardiorespiratory fitness
No full textTo analyse the relationship between steps per day and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and to examine whether the relationship between steps per day and HRQoL is mediated by CRF in schoolchildren. This was a cross-sectional study including 501 schoolchildren (aged 9–12 years, 47% girls), from Cuenca, Spain. Steps per day were measured using the Xiaomi Mi Band 3 Smart Bracelet, HRQoL was estimated by the KIDSCREEN-27 questionnaire, and CRF was assessed using the 20-m shuttle run test. Analysis of covariance and multivariate analysis of covariance models showed that children with a higher mean number of steps per day (> 9000 steps/day) had better HRQoL (global score, and physical and psychological well-being) and higher CRF levels than their peers with a lower number of steps per day (p 0.05). Linear regression models estimated that each 1000-step increment was associated with better CRF (β = 0.350; 95% CI, 0.192 to 0.508). In addition, the relationship between steps per day and HRQoL was mediated by CRF (p 9000 steps/ day showed better HRQoL. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.MLLT, (2022-PROD-20657); Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness-Carlos III Health Institute; SNAA, (2020-PREDUCLM-16704); Science, Innovation and Universities, (FPU21/06866); European Commission, EC, (2022-UNIVERS-11373); Federación Española de Enfermedades Raras, FEDER, (PI19/01126, RD21/0016/0025); Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, UCLMUniversidad Autónoma de Chil
The Synthesis of Novel aza-Steroids and α, β-Unsaturated-Cyanoketone from Diosgenin
No full textRecent studies have demonstrated the antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects of aza-steroids and steroidal sapogenins on human cancer cell lines. The scientific community has shown a growing interest in these compounds as drug candidates for cancer treatment. In the current work, we report the synthesis of new diosgenin oxime derivatives as potential antiproliferative agents. From (25 R)-5α-spirost-3,5,6-triol (1), a diosgenin derivative, ketones 2, 3, 4, and 9 were obtained and used as precursors of the new oximes. A condensation reaction was carried out between the steroidal ketones (2, 3, 4, and 9) with hydroxylamine hydrochloride in 2,4,6-trimethylpyridine to produce five spirostanic oximes (four of them are not reported before) with a 42–96% yield. Also, a new spirostanic α, β-unsaturated cyanoketone was synthesized via Beckmann fragmentation using thionyl chloride with a 62% yield. Furthermore, we proposed a reaction mechanism with the aim of explaining such transformation. © 2023 by the authors.Universidad Autónoma de Chil
PRESUPUESTOS CONTENCIOSOS ADMINISTRATIVOS Y RECLAMACIONES AMBIENTALES CHILENAS — ENTRE JURISPRUDENCIA JUDICIAL Y CONSTITUCIONAL1
No full textThe administrative qualification of the environmental claim in Chile not only has a descriptive relevance but also presents a comparative utility, as it allows examining whether the judicial interpretation of its administrative requirements is consistent with the interpretation developed by the Constitutional Court. Although this examination could lead to appreciating irreconcilable positions in this area, certain judicial decisions render it possible to observe exceptional criteria. As a general characteristic, these criteria are coherent with the interpretation of the Constitutional Court, extend the procedural guarantees and, finally, justify questioning about the evolution of these demands. © 2023 Authors. All rights reserved.Universidad Autónoma de Chil