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Geologically-Driven Migration of Landmines and Explosive Remnants of War—A Feature Focusing on the Western Balkans
No full textLandmines and explosive remnants of war are still present in the Western Balkans and remain a deadly legacy of the hostilities at the end of the 20th century. Over the years, several incidents have occurred in Bosnia and Herzegovina, in Serbia, and in Croatia where intact ordnance has caused injuries and fatalities. Floods, torrential flows, and gravitational mass movements pose a particular threat. Landmines and explosive remnants of war are mobilized and displaced into previously uncontaminated areas. We first discuss the historical and technical background of this hazardous situation. We then show which hydro-morphological processes are responsible for the mobilization and displacement. We then illustrate how a prediction of the likely contaminated areas can be obtained. We show that the problem can only be tackled using a stochastic-deterministic model. However, for the eventual development of risk-hazard maps, preliminary work using laboratory experiments and field surveys is required. The article, therefore, proposes a novel approach to the problem in an international research project. The aim would be to produce risk-hazard maps that can be used by elected decision-makers, administrative authorities, and emergency personnel in affected municipalities. © 2023 by the authors.University of the Bundeswehr MunichUniversidad Autónoma de Chil
Fall risk detection mechanism in the elderly, based on electromyographic signals, through the use of artificial intelligence
No full textIntroduction: The tests used to classify older adults at risk of falls are questioned in literature. Tools from the field of artificial intelligence are an alternative to classify older adults more precisely. Objective: To identify the risk of falls in the elderly through electromyographic signals of the lower limb, using tools from the field of artificial intelligence. Methods: A descriptive study design was used. The unit of analysis was made up of 32 older adults (16 with and 16 without risk of falls). The electrical activity of the lower limb muscles was recorded during the functional walking gesture. The cycles obtained were divided into training and validation sets, and then from the amplitude variable, select attributes using the Weka software. Finally, the Support Vector Machines (SVM) classifier was implemented. Results: A classifier of two classes (elderly adults with and without risk of falls) based on SVM was built, whose performance was: Kappa index 0.97 (almost perfect agreement strength), sensitivity 97%, specificity 100%. Conclusions: The SVM artificial intelligence technique applied to the analysis of lower limb electromyographic signals during walking can be considered a precision tool of diagnostic, monitoring and follow-up for older adults with and without risk of falls. © Copyright 2023: Publication Service of the University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.Andres Bello University; General Research Directorate; Deutsche Gesellschaft für Infektiologie, DGIUniversidad Autónoma de Chil
Brisk Walking Pace Is Associated with Better Cardiometabolic Health in Adults: Findings from the Chilean National Health Survey 2016–2017
No full textBackground: Although the importance of walking for promoting a better cardiometabolic health is widely known (this includes both cardiovascular and metabolic/endocrine systems), there is little knowledge regarding its appropriate pace to provide adults with more cardiometabolic benefits. Aim: To analyze the associations between different walking pace categories and cardiometabolic health markers in the adult Chilean population. Methods: Cross-sectional study. A total of 5520 participants aged 15 to 90 years old from the Chilean National Health Survey (CNHS) 2016–2017 were included. Walking pace categories (slow, average, and brisk) were collected through self-reported methods. Glycaemia, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), vitamin D2, vitamin D3, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and lipid profile (Total, HDL, LDL, VLDL, No HDL cholesterol and triglycerides) were determined using blood sample tests and measured with the standardized methods described in the CNHS 2016–2017. Results: People who had a brisk walking pace were associated with lower levels of glycaemia, HbA1c, GGT, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and higher vitamin D3 levels compared with those with a slow walking pace. Moreover, people with a brisk walking pace had lower levels of VLDL cholesterol compared with those with a slow walking pace. However, after adjusting the model to include sociodemographic background, nutritional status, and lifestyle variables, the differences remained only for glycaemia, HbA1c and systolic blood pressure levels. Conclusions: A brisk walking pace was associated with better cardiometabolic health markers and lipid profile compared with a slow walking pace. © 2023 by the authors.Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Systematic review of the anthropometric profile of female futsal players 2010-2020
No full textThe objective was to summarize the scientific literature on the anthropometric characteristics of female futsal players. A systematic review documentary study was carried out. SCOPUS, PUBMED and SCIELO databases were used to search for information on primary studies related to the anthropometric profile of women's indoor soccer (elite and non-elite). The keywords used were: futsal, female, anthropometry. The range of years for the search was from 2010 to 2020. To analyze anthropometric differences, two groups were formed: group A: elite and group B: non-elite. 31 primary studies were identified, 22 (71%) in Scopus, 5 (16.1%) in PUBMED and 4 (12.9%) in SCIELO. Three publication languages were considered (English, Spanish and Portuguese) and 6 countries were identified (Brazil, Spain, Iran, Turkey, Venezuela and Italy). Players in the elite group evidenced higher weight, height, and BMI relative to their non-elite counterparts. Discrepancy in anthropometric characteristics between elite and non-elite players was verified. These results suggest that in order to participate in competitions at the highest level in women's futsal, they should have greater weight, height and BMI than their non-elite counterparts. © 2023 PAGEPress Publications. All rights reserved.Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Exploring the Genetic Diversity of Epstein–Barr Virus among Patients with Gastric Cancer in Southern Chile
No full textThe Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) has been associated with gastric cancer (GC), one of the deadliest malignancies in Chile and the world. Little is known about Chilean EBV strains. This study aims to investigate the frequency and genetic diversity of EBV in GC in patients in southern Chile. To evaluate the prevalence of EBV in GC patients from the Chilean population, we studied 54 GC samples using the gold standard detection method of EBV-encoded small RNA (EBER). The EBV-positive samples were subjected to amplification and sequencing of the Epstein–Barr virus nuclear protein 3A (EBNA3A) gene to evaluate the genetic diversity of EBV strains circulating in southern Chile. In total, 22.2% of the GC samples were EBV-positive and significantly associated with diffuse-type histology (p = 0.003). Phylogenetic analyses identified EBV-1 and EBV-2 in the GC samples, showing genetic diversity among Chilean isolates. This work provides important information for an epidemiological follow-up of the different EBV subtypes that may cause GC in southern Chile. © 2023 by the authors.DIUAV, (03-2022); DIUFRO, (DI20-0128, DI20-0160); National Funding for Scientific and Technologic Development of Chile; Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, H2020, (825510); Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, UAdeC; European Research Council, ERC; Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, CONICYT, (21201835); Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico, FONDECYT, (1210440, 1221345, 3170826, 3180550, 3210629, 3210687); Universidad de La Frontera, UFRO; Fondo de Fomento al Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico, FONDEF, (ID21I10027); Instituto Milenio en Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, MIII, (ICN2021_045); Fondo de Financiamiento de Centros de Investigación en Áreas Prioritarias, FONDAP, (152220002); Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo, ANID, (NCS2021_013)Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Corporate social responsibility and export performance under stakeholder view: The mediation of innovation and the moderation of the legal form
No full textPrior confronting findings on the association between corporate social responsibility and profitability show that some aspects remain to be clarified about this binomial. Contributing to this body of research is particularly interesting in the case of the exporters to understand the role that corporate social responsibility may play in improving export performance. This study aims to determine the impact of firms' corporate social responsibility efforts on their export performance by examining innovation and the legal form of the organization as factors that could affect this relationship. Using data from 107 agri-food companies, we found that corporate social responsibility has no direct effect on export performance. However, our results show that innovation serves as a mediator in this relationship. It was also found that companies that adopt associative legal forms (i.e., cooperatives) benefit more from their social responsibility practices than companies that adopt non-associative legal forms. © 2022 The Authors. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management published by ERP Environment and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Andalusian Regional Government, (PAIDI 2018 P18‐RT‐4663)Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Bibliometric Mapping of School Garden Studies: A Thematic Trends Analysis
No full textThis paper analyzes the thematic trends in school garden studies over the past few decades, using a relational bibliometric methodology on a corpus of 392 articles and review articles indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection. The paper seeks to understand how researchers have studied the concept over the last few decades in various disciplines, spanning approximately eighty Web of Science categories. The results show that there is a critical mass of scientific research studying school gardens. The analysis shows the thematic trends in discussion journals, discussion terminology, and consolidates classic papers and some novel authors and papers. The studies and their theoretical trends lead to refocusing the analysis on the effects of school gardens beyond the educational, thanks to the contribution of authors from more than fifty countries engaged in the study of these activities. This work constitutes new challenges for this line of research, raising interdisciplinary research challenges between horticultural, environmental, technological, educational, social, food, nutritional, and health sciences. © 2023 by the authors.Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana; Universidad de Las Americas; Universidad de Santiago de Chile; Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, UAdeC, (CC456001); Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, UCSC, (APC2023); Universidad Andrés Bello, UNAB, (CC21500)Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Unveiling metabolic pathways involved in the extreme desiccation tolerance of an Atacama cyanobacterium
No full textGloeocapsopsis dulcis strain AAB1 is an extremely xerotolerant cyanobacterium isolated from the Atacama Desert (i.e., the driest and oldest desert on Earth) that holds astrobiological significance due to its ability to biosynthesize compatible solutes at ultra-low water activities. We sequenced and assembled the G. dulcis genome de novo using a combination of long- and short-read sequencing, which resulted in high-quality consensus sequences of the chromosome and two plasmids. We leveraged the G. dulcis genome to generate a genome-scale metabolic model (iGd895) to simulate growth in silico. iGd895 represents, to our knowledge, the first genome-scale metabolic reconstruction developed for an extremely xerotolerant cyanobacterium. The model's predictive capability was assessed by comparing the in silico growth rate with in vitro growth rates of G. dulcis, in addition to the synthesis of trehalose. iGd895 allowed us to explore simulations of key metabolic processes such as essential pathways for water-stress tolerance, and significant alterations to reaction flux distribution and metabolic network reorganization resulting from water limitation. Our study provides insights into the potential metabolic strategies employed by G. dulcis, emphasizing the crucial roles of compatible solutes, metabolic water, energy conservation, and the precise regulation of reaction rates in their adaptation to water stress. © 2023, Springer Nature Limited.Kendall Saboda; National Aeronautics and Space Administration, NASA, (80NSSC19K0469, 80NSSC22K0189); Human Frontier Science Program, HFSP, (RGY0066/2018)Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Identificación de las necesidades de aprendizaje del estudiantado de Educación Infantil
No full textThe objective of the study was to know the impact of the components on the teaching and learning processes of students of early childhood careers in Chile. To achieve this objective, a quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional methodology was followed. The sample consisted of 851 students from the first to the fifth year of the Pedagogy in Early Childhood Education (Early Childhood Education) course from 14 Chilean universities, to whom an adhoc constructed questionnaire was applied, presenting adequate validity and reliability indices. The results show that, at the level of the learning dimension, a low percentage of student's state that teachers do not know their learning needs, which implies that they feel disconnected from the methodology used by teachers. The results obtained indicate the need for university institutions to make greater efforts in relation to learning that includes solid consolidation paths, where not only the tutorial work for the students is consolidated, but also for the professionals involved that implies a true development. of the learnings. © 2023 AUFOP. All rights reserved.Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Framework for the Strategic Adoption of Industry 4.0: A Focus on Intelligent Systems
No full textDespite growing interest in smart manufacturing, there is little information on how organizations can approach the alignment of strategic processes with Industry 4.0. This study seeks to fill this knowledge gap by developing a framework for the integration of Industry 4.0 techniques and artificial intelligence systems. This framework will serve as a conceptual guide in the digital transformation processes toward Industry 4.0. This study involved a systematic literature review of the important methodological proposals and identification of thematic axes, research topics, strategic objectives, challenges, drivers, technological trends, models, and design architectures. In total, 160 articles were selected (120 were published between 2017 and 2022). The results provide insights into the prospects for strategic alignment in the adoption of Industry 4.0. The conceptualization of the framework shows that Industry 4.0 needs strategic adjustments mainly in seven objectives (business model, change mindset, skills, human resources, service level, ecosystem, interconnection, and absorption capacity) derived from 10 thematic axes and 28 research topics. Understanding the strategic adoption of Industry 4.0 and artificial intelligence is vital for industrial organizations to stay competitive and relevant in a constantly evolving business landscape. © 2023 by the authors.Department of Industrial Engineering; Universidad de Santiago de Chile; Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico, FONDECYT, (11200993); Departamento de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, DICYT; Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, SAAS, (21CVID-171949, SUC220081)Universidad Autónoma de Chil