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DEL EXTRAVÍO DEL ACCOUNTABILITY SOCIAL EN USAQUÉN, CHAPINERO Y USME, EN BOGOTÁ (COLOMBIA)
No full textHallar el accountability social en lo micro local fue la pregunta central de una investigación empírica y novedosa que buscó respuestas en tres localidades que conforman la megaciudad de Bogotá. Con el diseño e implementación de diversas herramientas metodológicas, se buscó resultados empíricos sobre los detonantes o formas de activación de alarmas en las localidades de Usaquén, Chapinero y Usme, en el que a través de un estudio de caso múltiple, se exploró la mediatización en prensa de los problemas, así como modalidades de participaciones políticas no relacionadas con el comportamiento electoral, pero que son fundamentales para el performance democrático y el fortalecimiento de la participación de las organizaciones de la sociedad civil en relación con los entes gubernamentales locales
Adolescents with a Favorable Mediterranean-Style-Based Pattern Show Higher Cognitive and Academic Achievement: A Cluster Analysis—The Cogni-Action Project
No full textA Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) has emerged as a crucial dietary choice, not only in attenuating various adolescents’ metabolic health issues but it has also been associated with improved cognitive and academic achievement. However, few studies have established patterns of food consumption linked to both cognitive and academic achievement in adolescents living in a developing country with non-Mediterranean-based food. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 1296 Chilean adolescents (50% girls) aged 10–14 years. The MedDiet Quality Index was used to assess adherence to the MedDiet in children and adolescents. Through cluster analysis, four distinct dietary patterns were identified: Western diet (WD = 4.3%); low fruit and vegetables, high-sugar diet (LFV-HSD = 28.2%); low fruit and vegetables, low-sugar diet (LFV-LSD = 42.2%); and the MedDiet (25.3%). A mixed-model analysis was conducted to compare these clusters and their relationships with cognitive and academic achievements. Principal component analysis was performed to identify four primary cognitive domains: working memory, cognitive flexibility, inhibitory control, and fluid reasoning. Academic achievement was determined with five school subjects (Language, English, Mathematics, Science, and History) and included the Academic-PISA score derived from the mean scores in Language, Mathematics, and Science. Results: A marked difference was observed between the four clusters, which was mainly related to the consumption of sugar, ultra-processed foods, fruits, and vegetables. According to cognitive performance, the MedDiet group showed higher performance across all domains than the LFV-HSD, LFV-LSD, and WD groups. Regarding academic achievement, the WD underperformed in all analyses compared to the other groups, while the MedDiet was the unique profile that achieved a positive difference in all academic subjects compared to the WD and LFV-HSD groups (p < 0.05). Conclusions: These findings suggest that higher adherence to Mediterranean-style-based patterns and better food quality choices are associated with improved cognitive and academic achievements. © 2024 by the authors.Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, CONICYT; Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico, FONDECYT, (11160703); Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico, FONDECYTUniversidad Autónoma de Chil
Explorando Horizontes Académicos: Innovación que Inspira en la Universidad Autónoma de Chile
No full textPara la Universidad Autónoma de Chile, la innovación educativa se define como el proceso sistemático y reflexivo de introducción de cambios significativos y relevantes en las metodologías o tecnologías empleadas en la enseñanza y el aprendizaje. Este proceso tiene como objetivo agregar valor y mejorar la calidad, eficacia y eficiencia de los procesos educativos, atendiendo a las particularidades de cada una de las sedes. La innovación educativa no consiste simplemente en el cambio por el cambio, sino en la introducción de modificaciones sustantivas y pertinentes para el contexto educativo específico.
Estos cambios pueden estar relacionados con las prácticas de enseñanza y aprendizaje, los materiales y herramientas educativas, las estructuras y sistemas organizativos, o cualquier otro aspecto del proceso educativo.Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Construyendo una cultura de calidad en universidades privadas vietnamitas
No full textQuality Culture has a decisive role in maintaining and improving the quality of Vietnamese private universities to best meet the demand of customers. However, there is no private universities in Vietnam that has built quality culture based on a feasible and practical study. Therefore, this study is first implemented in Vietnam to address that situation of private universities. Based on theoretical and practical study, this study aims to give six solutions for building of Quality Culture to improve the quality of training and education, scientific research and public service of Vietnamese private universities.La Cultura de calidad tiene un papel decisivo en el mantenimiento y la mejora de la calidad de las universidades privadas vietnamitas con el fin de satisfacer mejor la demanda de los clientes. Sin embargo, no hay universidades privadas en Vietnam que hayan construido una cultura de calidad sobre la base de un estudio factible y práctico. Por ello, este estudio se implementa por primera vez en Vietnam para abordar esa situación de las universidades privadas. Basado en estudios teóricos y prácticos, este estudio tiene como objetivo proponer soluciones para la construcción de la cultura de calidad con el fin de mejorar la calidad de la formación y la educación, la investigación científica y el servicio público de las universidades privadas vietnamitas
Las percepciones chilenas sobre la llegada de extranjeros
No full textthe objective of this article is to analyze perceptions about the arrival of foreigners to Chile during the period 2017 to 2021, exploring the context of diverse migratory flows and their impact on Chilean public opinion. Method: to achieve this objective, a mixed methodology was employed, including the use of logit and linear models. Results: the study found that there is a negative perception of migrants, with predictors of distrust including educational level and criminality in the country. Conclusion: the sustained and significant increase in migration has generated negative perceptions, particularly related to fear of job competition and concern about crime. In addition, it should be noted that during the COVID-19 pandemic this phenomenon became more acute despite mobility restrictions, affecting both the perception of job loss and the insecurity of Chilean citizens today. © 2024 autores. Publicado por la Universidad Simón Bolívar.Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Groundwater quality evaluation for drinking and agricultural purposes. A case study in semi-arid region (Zab El-gharbi SE-Algeria)
No full textThe current research delved into the geochemical attributes of groundwater and assessed compliance with drinking water standards. 35 samples of Zab El Gharbi region groundwater in the province of Biskra were analyzed to evaluate the physico-chemical quality. The obtained results were compared to World Health Organization drinking water standards as well as Algerian Standards. It appears that nitrate concentrations in all samples were acceptable since they were less than 50 mg/L. The results of the WQI classification showed that WQI values ranged from 95 to 269; only 3 % of samples had good quality, 80 % had poor quality, and 17.14 % had very poor water, indicating the need for treatment before use for human consumption. Two main hydrochemical facies were dominated and predominated, Ca-SO4 type and Mixed Ca–Mg–Cl-SO4 type, respectively. Q mode hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) was employed for partitioning the water samples into hydrochemical facies, revealed the presence of two distinct water types based on principal ion concentrations. Hydrochemically, group 1 was characterized by two primary facies, with 90.32 % categorized as Ca-SO4 type and 9.67 % as Mixed Ca-Mg-Cl-SO4 type. While group 2 was characterized by a Ca-SO4 type. The estimated values of sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), percent sodium (Na%), permeability index (PI), Kelly's ratio (KR) and Magnesium hazard (MH), averages for the study area is reported to be in the range of 0.90 to 5.60, 4.46 % to 41.26 %, 12.50 % to 44.47 %, 0.10 to 0.73 % and 9.69 % to 75.06 % respectively. Parameters such as Permeability Index (PI), Kelly's Ratio (KR), and Magnesium Hazard (MH) indicated that 37.14 % of groundwater samples were in the excellent category, while the remaining 62.85 % were in the good category, making them suitable for irrigation across various soil types. They indicated that the considered water exhibits favorable characteristics for agricultural irrigation applications, ranging from excellent to good. These findings are encouraging for agriculture and land-use planning. This study lies in addressing the water quality in this promontory area, where no prior research has been published. We assessed water quality using statistical, geostatistical, and cartographic methods to estimate quality in unsampled areas. Additionally, we examined how climatic conditions, particularly high evapotranspiration during the festive season, affect water and soil quality. This study will help farmers and scientists in the region make informed decisions to protect natural resources. This work is meant to highlight the issues and also provide practical solutions to optimize the management of natural resources. © 2024 The Author(s
Embryology of the Female Genital System
No full textUntil the seventh week of human embryonic development of both sexes have very similar primordia of genitalia represented by two undifferentiated gonads two mesonephric ducts, which originate the male genital tract and two paramesonephric ducts develop the female genital tract. Genital tubercle, two labiouretrales folds and two labioscrotal folds: Externally the same basic elements that are distinguished in both sexes. From SRY gene expression that occurs during the eighth week a series of morphophysiological events leading establishing a clear sexual dimorphism starts. If the resulting gonad is a testis produced hormones induce masculinization of internal and external genitalia, as well as outline the breast. However, if an ovary is formed or not formed gonads, internal and external genitalia develop in female sense. Genetic sex is not always related to the differentiation of external genitalia or genital tract that is why we consider separately each. This article explores the morphological differentiation into male and female connection, as well as the molecular regulation of the gonads, genital tract and external genitalia
Competencia política y conflicto en espacios locales (Perú 2003-2006)
No full textEste artículo propone un esquema explicativo del desarrollo de conflictos entre poblaciones y alcaldes. Con base en la propuesta teórica y metodológica de Charles Tilly y Sidney Tarrow, este trabajo organiza un total de 699 eventos contenciosos ocurridos en 44 distritos del Perú entre 2003 y 2006. La simultaneidad de estos conflictos configuró uno de los principales ciclos de protesta a inicios de siglo XXI. El trabajo describe la estructura de oportunidades políticas que hizo posible la emergencia de este ciclo de conflictividad, pero encuentra que las decisiones de las partes (descritas como un conjunto articulado de mecanismos y procesos) es la principal variable explicativa. Un elemento importante de esta dinámica es la mayor importancia otorgada por los actores a medios institucionales antes que a repertorios tradicionales de confrontación
Contacto social de estudiantes universitarios con indígenas chilenos: estructura y asociaciones con estereotipos
No full textIn non-indigenous Chilean university students, this study examined (1) the two-dimensional structure (quantity and quality) of social contact with the Mapuche people, and (2) the associations of these dimensions with stereotypes attributed to this group in a context of interethnic conflict. A purposive sample of 332 participants reported on their contact with the Mapuche, both in quantity and quality, and their adherence to various positive and negative stereotypes about this outgroup. The results supported an oblique factorial structure of contact (quantity and quality), revealing significant correlations between these factors and the stereotypes. Importantly, the quality of contact demonstrated more intense associations with stereotypes compared to its quantity. The latent interaction between quantity and quality did not significantly impact stereotypes. The study highlights the need to differentiate quantity and quality of contact when examining their relationships with other psychosocial constructs. © 2024 Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru. All rights reserved.Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, CONICYT; Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico, FONDECYT, (1060395); Universidad de La Frontera, UFROUniversidad Autónoma de Chil
Variação na distribuição das comunidades de macroinvertebrados no nordeste da Argélia
No full textBenthic macroinvertebrates are integral parts of inland waters, inhabiting a diversity of aquatic ecosystems where communities are spatially structured. Macroinvertebrates of some Mediterranean regions such as North Africa are still not well studied. Due this reason we proposed study the community structure in water bodies located in Northeastern Algeria. For this objective, we sampled 12 different kind of water bodies, two dams, three rivers, and seven streams during the period from October 2020 to September 2021. To biotic and abiotic data, a redundancy analysis (RDA) was applied with the aim of determine the role of both kind of variables for grouping the sites. Also, two types of Null models were considered: species co-occurrence and niche sharing for study the potential associations between species reported. Redundancy analysis showed that water velocity and conductivity were the main drivers of community structure of macroinvertebrates. The species co-occurrence results reveal that species associations are ramdom, except for two sites: El fadjoudj and Ain ben baida corresponding to Seybouse river. At the same time, there is no niche sharing and in consequence, there is no interspecific competition except in the two sites: Salah Salah Salah stream and Bouhamdane dam. The results revealed similarities with other similar studies for Algerian rivers and dams, and with other similar water bodies with Mediterranean climate. © 2024, Instituto Internacional de Ecologia. All rights reserved.Ministère de l'Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche Scientifique, MESRSUniversidad Autónoma de Chil