Repositorio académico de acceso abierto (Univ. Autonóma de Chile)
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El uso de las nuevas tecnologías como forma de disminuir las barreras de acceso a la justicia del consumidor en Chile
No full textAccess to justice is one of the main problems faced by consumers in the 21st century. In this sense, this paper analyzes the consumer's position in the face of new technologies and their access to justice. In addition, through a comparative approach, it studies the one-stop shop model existing in Europe and its possible implementation in Chile. Finally, an analysis is offered on the use of new technologies in the legal process and how they can improve access to justice for the consumer. In this way, it identifies the existing progress in Chile in this area, as well as the need to improve the consumer's position in relation to new technologies and how they can reduce barriers to access to justice. © 2023 Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. All rights reserved.Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Modelo de Gestión del Conocimiento
No full textEl Modelo de Gestión del Conocimiento de la Universidad Autónoma de Chile es un sistema dinámico y circular que permite la producción y difusión de conocimiento de alta calidad, relevante y beneficioso para la sociedad; un enfoque que fortalece la pertinencia y el impacto de su contribución al desarrollo de las comunidades y refuerza su compromiso con la excelencia en la investigación y la educación superior.
Este modelo se expresa estructuralmente en la Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Doctorados (vrid), la cual cuenta con tres direcciones: Dirección de investigación, Dirección de doctorados y Dirección de innovación y transferencia. A ellas se suman diversas áreas que contribuyen a su misión, tales como el Centro de Comunicación de las Ciencias, la Oficina de Transferencia y Licenciamiento, la Unidad de género, el Área de información científica y el Comité ético científico. Dichas áreas se relacionan con los institutos, centros y grupos de investigación de las facultades y carreras, espacios que cumplen tareas específicas: los institutos desarrollan investigación avanzada y sustentan los programas de doctorado; los centros tienen como función principal la transferencia y prestación de servicios; y los grupos de investigación se sitúan en las carreras y desarrollan investigación disciplinar.
Basado en los principios de investigación e innovación responsables (rri) y alineado a los estándares del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (eees), con este Modelo de Gestión del Conocimiento avanzamos como universidad en nuestra misión de crear conocimiento, crecer en el impacto y colaborar con el desarrollo de Chile
Ionic liquid mixtures as energy storage materials: a preliminary and comparative study based on thermal storage density
No full textFifteen equimolar binary mixtures are synthesized and thermophysically evaluated in this study. These mixtures are derived from six ionic liquids (ILs) based on methylimidazolium and 2,3-dimethylimidazolium cations with butyl chains. The objective is to compare and elucidate the impact of small structural changes on the thermal properties. The preliminary results are compared to previously obtained results with mixtures containing longer eight-carbon chains. The study demonstrates that certain mixtures exhibit an increase in their heat capacity. Additionally, due to their higher densities, these mixtures achieve a thermal storage density equivalent to that of mixtures with longer chains. Moreover, their thermal storage density surpasses that of some conventional materials commonly used for energy storage. © 2023 The Royal Society of Chemistry.Chilean Nuclear Energy CommissionUniversidad Autónoma de Chil
Design of 3-Phenylcoumarins and 3-Thienylcoumarins as Potent Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Docking Studies
No full textCoumarin scaffold has proven to be promising in the development of bioactive agents, such as xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitors. Novel hydroxylated 3-arylcoumarins were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their XO inhibition and antioxidant properties. 3-(3’-Bromophenyl)-5,7-dihydroxycoumarin (compound 11) proved to be the most potent XO inhibitor, with an IC50 of 91 nM, being 162 times better than allopurinol, one of the reference controls. Kinetic analysis of compound 11 and compound 5 [3-(4’-bromothien-2’-yl)-5,7-dihydroxycoumarin], the second-best compound within the series (IC50 of 280 nM), has been performed, and both compounds showed a mixed-type inhibition. Both compounds present good antioxidant activity (ability to scavenge ABTS radical) and are able to reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in H2O2-treated cells. In addition, they proved to be non-cytotoxic in a Caco-2 cells viability assay. Molecular docking studies have been carried out to correlate the compounds’ theoretical and experimental binding affinity to the XO binding pocket. © 2023 The Authors. ChemMedChem published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, MICINN, (PID2020‐116076RJ‐I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033)Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Medium and long-term prognosis in hospitalised older adults with multimorbidity. A prospective cohort study
No full textBackground Data about long-term prognosis after hospitalisation of elderly multimorbid patients remains scarce. Objectives Evaluate medium and long-term prognosis in hospitalised patients older than 75 years of age with multimorbidity. Explore the impact of gender, age, frailty, physical dependence, and chronic diseases on mortality over a seven-year period. Methods We included prospectively all patients hospitalised for medical reasons over 75 years of age with two or more chronic illnesses in a specialised ward. Data on chronic diseases were collected using the Charlson comorbidity index and a questionnaire for disorders not included in this index. Demographic characteristics, Clinical Frailty Scale, Barthel index, and complications during hospitalisation were collected. Results 514 patients (46% males) with a mean age of 85 (± 5) years were included. The median follow- up was 755 days (interquartile range 25-75%: 76-1,342). Mortality ranged from 44% to 68%, 82% and 91% at one, three, five, and seven years. At inclusion, men were slightly younger and with lower levels of physical impairment. Nevertheless, in the multivariate analysis, men had higher mortality (p<0.001; H.R.:1.43; 95% C.I.95%:1.16-1.75). Age, Clinical Frailty Scale, Barthel, and Charlson indexes were significant predictors in the univariate and multivariate analysis (all p<0.001). Dementia and neoplastic diseases were statistically significant in the unadjusted but not the adjusted model. In a cluster analysis, three patterns of patients were identified, with increasing significant mortality differences between them (p<0.001; H.R.:1.67; 95% CI: 1.49-1.88). Conclusions In our cohort, individual diseases had a limited predictive prognostic capacity, while the combination of chronic illness, frailty, and physical dependence were independent predictors of survival. © 2023 Molina et al.Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Insights into Co-Cultivation of Photosynthetic Microorganisms for Novel Molecule Discovery and Enhanced Production of Specialized Metabolites
No full textMeso- and extremophilic microalgae and cyanobacteria have a wide range of biotechnological applications. However, the industrial demand for bioactive molecules and the redundancy of these molecules has resulted in a need for new methodologies for enhanced production and the discovery of specialized metabolites. Co-cultivation has been established as a promising approach to addressing these challenges. In this context, this work aimed to describe the state of the art of the co-cultivation method involving meso- and extremophilic photosynthetic microorganisms, as well as discuss the advantages, challenges, and limitations of this approach. Co-culture is defined as an ecology-driven method in which various symbiotic interactions involving cyanobacteria and microalgae can be used to explore new compounds and enhanced production. Promising results regarding new bioactive metabolite expression and increased production through co-cultivation-based research support that idea. Also, the metabolic diversity and evolutionary adaptations of photosynthetic microorganisms to thrive in extreme environments could improve the efficiency of co-cultivation by allowing the implementation of these microorganisms. However, the complexity of ecological interactions and lack of standardization for co-cultivation protocols are obstacles to its success and scientific validation. Further research in symbiotic interplays using -omics and genetic engineering, and predictive experimental designs for co-cultures are needed to overcome these limitations. © 2023 by the authors.MIDEPLAN-EU, (5402-1510-1040/9051-03); Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, ITCR, (1510184 (2023); Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Extensión, Universidad Industrial de Santander, VIE, UIS; Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo, ANID, (3230521, FONDECYT-11230475)Universidad Autónoma de Chil
New Polyaniline Derivative with Two Central Ester Groups: Synthesis, Characterization, and Theoretical Study
No full textA new polyaniline derivative was prepared to study the formation of quinoid-diimine units in its polymer. The monomer and polymer were experimentally and theoretically characterized. Both polymers have one or two electron-withdrawing groups as side substituents. The polymers’ quinoid-diimine unit composition is affected by the electron-withdrawing side groups of aniline. The presence of the quinoid-diimine group diminished for the two electron-withdrawing groups of aniline. The polymer conductivity is different than with respect to polyemeraldine, associated with the quinoid-diimine units’ composition. The quinoid-diimine composition is strongly increased in the polymer containing one electron-withdrawing group. Moreover, the polymer presented good solubility in organic solvents and moderate thermal stability. © 2023 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico, FONDECYT, (1201880, 1231194, 3210271, ACT210057, ANID/FONDAP/1523A0006)Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Teaching of Educational Content Expressing Mapuche Values to Children in Initial Education in La Araucanía Region, Chile
No full textThere is a lack of knowledge about Mapuche educational values among teachers in kindergartens located in indigenous territories. The object of the present work was to identify educational content expressing Mapuche values, to contribute to an epistemic base for the education of boys and girls, both Mapuche and non-Mapuche, with an intercultural perspective. The methodology used was qualitative educational research, with a focus on indigenous research, following the interpretive paradigm, through a collective study of kindergartens attended by Mapuche children in the district of Saavedra. Sixty-seven people participated: children, parents, kimches (Mapuche sages), and Initial Education professionals. The preliminary results are organized into three categories of value content: (a) educational; (b) family and community education; and (c) teaching in Initial Education. It is concluded that the teaching of Mapuche educational values in early childhood should be coordinated between kindergartens, families, and the community; some ideas for teaching these values are suggested. © 2023 by the authors.Chilean National Research and Development Agency; Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico, FONDECYT, (1191956, 1211213, 1231178); Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo, ANIDUniversidad Autónoma de Chil
The crystal structure of 5-nitronaphthoquinone, C10H5NO4
No full textC10H5NO4, triclinic, P 1 (no. 2), a = 9.2564(8)Å, b = 11.0464(9)Å, c = 14.8016(12)Å, α = 110.132 (2)°, β = 106.157 (3)°, γ= 94.770 (3)°, V = 1337.7(2)Å3, Z = 6, Rgt (F) = 0.0567, w Rref (F 2) = 0.1797, T = 296.15K © 2023 the author(s), published by De Gruyter, Berlin/Boston.FONDEQUIP, (EQM200138)Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Is daytime napping an effective strategy to improve sport-related cognitive and physical performance and reduce fatigue? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
No full textObjective: To estimate the association between daytime napping and cognitive and physical sport performance and fatigue after normal sleep and partial sleep deprivation (less sleep duration than necessary). Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources: The PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Central, SportDiscus and PsycINFO databases. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies: Randomised controlled trials on the effect of daytime napping on sport performance and fatigue available from inception to 2 December 2022. Standardised mean differences (SMD) and their 95% compatibility intervals (CI) were estimated with the DerSimonian-Laird method through random effect models. Results: In the 22 included trials, 291 male participants (164 trained athletes and 127 physically active adults) aged between 18 and 35 years were studied. When performed after a normal night of sleep, napping from 12:30 hours to 16:50 hours (with 14:00 hours being the most frequent time) improved cognitive (SMD=0.69, 95% CI: 0.37 to 1.00; I2=71.5%) and physical performance (SMD=0.99, 95% CI: 0.67 to 1.31; I2=89.1%) and reduced the perception of fatigue (SMD=-0.76, 95% CI: -1.24 to -0.28; I2=89.5%). The positive effects of napping were also confirmed after partial sleep deprivation. Overall, the benefits were higher with a nap duration between 30 and <60 min and when the time from nap awakening to test was greater than 1 hour. Conclusions: After a night of normal sleep or partial sleep deprivation, a daytime nap between 30 and <60 min has a moderate-to-high effect on the improvement of cognitive performance and physical performance and on the reduction of perceived fatigue. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020212272.Universidad Autónoma de Chil