Repositorio académico de acceso abierto (Univ. Autonóma de Chile)
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Efeitos do apego e do processamento sensorial no desenvolvimento da criança. Uma revisão sistemática
No full textThis review focuses on the intersection of two fundamental factors in child development: sensory processing and attachment. The rapid and profound transformations that occur in the brain during childhood influence emotional regulation, self-esteem, and the ability to establish healthy relationships. Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review was carried out to explore the relationship between sensory processing and attachment in boys and girls aged 0 to 14 years. The Web of Science, Scopus, Pubmed, and PsycINFO databases were searched using keywords related to attachment theory and sensory processing. Studies were selected from those available through May 2022. Of an initial 87 articles, 17 met the inclusion criteria and provided a variety of perspectives on the relationship between sensory processing and attachment in early childhood. A significant connection was identified between sensory processing disorder and attachment, highlighting the importance of vision in social development and communication, as well as effective parenting strategies, healthy attachment styles, and appropriate sensory processing. The idea that healthy attachment during childhood promotes the development of sensory processing is supported. The usefulness of sensory integration to improve relationships and guide future research and practices in occupational therapy is evident. © 2023 Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos. All rights reserved.Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Latent class analyses of multimorbidity and all-cause mortality: A prospective study in Chilean adults
No full textMultimorbidity patterns can lead to differential risks for all-cause mortality. Within the Chilean context, research on morbidity and mortality predominantly emphasizes individual diseases or combinations thereof, rather than specific disease clusters. This study aimed to identify multimorbidity patterns, along with their associations with mortality, within a representative sample of the Chilean population. 3,701 participants aged ≥18 from the Chilean National Health Survey 2009–2010 were included in this prospective study. Multimorbidity patterns were identified from 16 chronic conditions and then classified using latent class analyses. All-cause mortality data were extracted from the Chilean Civil Registry. The association of classes with all-cause mortality was carried out using Cox proportional regression models, adjusting by sociodemographic and lifestyle variables. Three classes were identified: a) Class 1, the healthiest (72.1%); b) Class 2, the depression/cardiovascular disease/ cancer class (17.5%); and c) Class 3, hypertension/chronic kidney disease class (10.4%). Classes 2 and 3 showed higher mortality risk than the healthiest class. After adjusting, Class 2 showed 45% higher mortality risk, and Class 3 98% higher mortality risk, compared with the healthiest class. Hypertension appeared to be a critical underlying factor of all-cause morbidity. Particular combinations of chronic diseases have a higher excess risk of mortality than others. © 2023 Nazar et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.Chilean Health Ministry; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile for commissioning; Illinois Department of Public Health, IDPHUniversidad Autónoma de Chil
Experiences in the training of specialist family and community nurses: a qualitative study
No full textIntroduction: The specialist Family and Community Nurse Practitioner (FCNP) is a professional who, after a period of training, is qualified to be part of multidisciplinary teams in primary care. The aim of this study was to describe and understand the experiences of nurses during their training process in the specialty of Family and Community Nursing in Spain. Methods: A descriptive qualitative study was carried out. Participants were recruited by means of convenience sampling from January to April 2022. Sixteen specialist nurses in Family and Community Nursing from different autonomous communities in Spain participated in the study. Twelve individual interviews and one focus group were conducted. Data were analyzed following a thematic analysis method in ATLAS.ti 9. Results: The results showed two themes and six subthemes: (1) Residency period, more than a training: (a) Training during the residency period; (b) Specializing through a constant struggle; (c) Moderate optimism about the future of the specialty; and (2) A journey from illusion to disappointment: (a) Beginning of the residency: feeling special; (b) During the residency: between satisfaction and misunderstanding; (c) At the end of the residency: power and frustration. Conclusions: The residency period is important in the training and acquisition of competencies for the Family and Community Nurse Practitioner. Improvements are needed to ensure quality training during residency and to help give visibility to the specialty. Copyright © 2023 Sánchez-Muñoz, Fernández-Medina, Granero-Molina, Suazo-Galdames, Nunez-Nagy, Ventura-Miranda and Ruíz-Fernández.Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Swirling Fluid Reduces the Bounce of Partially Filled Containers
No full textCertain spatial distributions of water inside partially filled containers can significantly reduce the bounce of the container. In experiments with containers filled to a volume fraction φ, we show that rotation offers control and high efficiency in setting such distributions and, consequently, in altering bounce markedly. High-speed imaging evidences the physics of the phenomenon and reveals a rich sequence of fluid-dynamics processes, which we translate into a model that captures our overall experimental findings. © 2023 authors. Published by the American Physical Society.Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico, FONDECYT, (11170700, 11191106, 1221103); Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo, ANIDUniversidad Autónoma de Chil
Mentally-passive sedentary behavior and incident depression: Mediation by inflammatory markers
No full textBackground: Sedentary behavior (SB; time spent sitting, as distinct from lack of exercise or physical activity) is associated with depression, yet little is known about the relationship between different types of SB (e.g., mentally-passive versus mentally-active) with depression and potential biological mediators of these associations. Methods: We used cohort data from the 1958 National Child Development Study (n = 4607; 50.4 % women), conducted in UK, employing the 44 y and 46 y waves as baseline, and the 50 y and 55 y waves as follow-up. Participants reported time spent in TV viewing and watching videos (mentally-passive SB); and, time sitting while doing light activities such as deskwork or driving a car during worktime (mentally-active SB). Depression diagnosis was self-reported during the initial and follow-up waves. Waist circumference, C-reactive protein, and glycated hemoglobin were examined as potential mediators. Results: Mentally-passive SB was associated with incident depression (HR: 1.43; 95%CI: 1.19; 1.71), while there was no association for mentally-active SB. Waist circumference (coefficient: −0.03; 95%CI: −0.05; −0.01; 9.2 %) and C-reactive protein (coefficient: −0.03; 95%CI: −0.04; −0.01; 8.3 %), but not glycated hemoglobin, partly mediated the association for mentally-passive SB. Conclusions: In the relationship of mentally-passive SB with incident depression, the mediating contributions of waist circumference and C-reactive protein point to possible inflammatory-related mechanisms. © 2023 The Author(s)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, FAPESP, (2019/24124-7); Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, CAPES, (88887.605034/2021-00)Universidad Autónoma de Chil
The crystal structure of 4-(pyren-1-yl)butyl-4-nitrobenzoate, C27H21NO4
No full textC27H21NO4, triclinic, P 1 (no. 2), a = 7.3476(2) Å, b = 7.4894(2) Å, c = 20.5137(5) Å, α = 89.33000(10)°, β = 79.7070(10)°, γ= 67.5220(10)°, V = 1024.31(5) Å3, Z = 2, R gt (F) = 0.0536, wR ref (F 2) = 0.1792, T = 296.15 K. © 2023 the author(s), published by De Gruyter, Berlin/Boston.FONDEQUIP, (EQM200138
Experiences of poverty amongst low-income older adults living in a high-income country: A qualitative study
No full textAim: To understand the experience of low-income older adults living in poverty in a high-income country. Design: A qualitative study based on Gadamer's hermeneutic phenomenology. Methods: A convenience sample of twenty-seven low-income older adults were interviewed in-depth between September 2021 and January 2022. Fleming's method for conducting phenomenological qualitative studies was followed and ATLAS.ti software was used for data analysis. Results: Three main themes were extracted from the analysis: (i) ‘living in the shadow of poverty’, (ii) ‘unprotected by the ‘social shield’ of the welfare state’ (iii) ‘the struggle to attain good health’. Conclusion: Living in poverty affects all spheres of life. Older adults living in poverty feel excluded from social support policies and laws. This has a negative impact on the older adults' mental health and can lead to social isolation. Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care: Nursing interventions to promote health amongst older adults living in poverty should include an assessment of the patient's social determinants and a focus on increasing social participation. Older people living in poverty experience difficulties accessing formal social support so nurses should implement patient navigation interventions that aim to help them overcome the complexities of the system. Nursing interventions to improve mental health amongst older adults living in poverty are much needed. Impact: Living in poverty increases older adults' vulnerability. Older adults living in poverty suffer from mental health issues as they live under constant pressure to meet their basic needs and lack formal social support. These findings are important for nurses, who play a pivotal role in the design, implementation and evaluation of policies and interventions that promote health equity. Reporting Method: The study has been conducted following the COREQ guidelines. Patient or Public Contribution: There has been no public or patient involvement in the design or development of the study. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Advanced Nursing published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Universidad de Almería, UALUniversidad Autónoma de Chil
Exchanging screen for non-screen sitting time or physical activity might attenuate depression and anxiety: A cross-sectional isotemporal analysis during early pandemics in South America
No full textObjectives: To examine the theoretical substitutions of screen exposure, non-screen sitting time, moderate and vigorous physical activity with depressive and anxiety symptoms in South American adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design: A cross-sectional study during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic with data from 1981 adults from Chile, Argentina, and Brazil. Methods: Depressive and anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories. Participants also reported physical activity, sitting time, screen exposure, sociodemographic, and tobacco use data. Isotemporal substitution models were created using multivariable linear regression methods. Results: Vigorous physical activity, moderate physical activity, and screen exposure were independently associated with depression and anxiety symptoms. In adjusted isotemporal substitution models, replacing 10 min/day of either screen exposure or non-screen sitting time with any intensity of physical activity was associated with lower levels of depressive symptoms. Improvements in anxiety symptoms were found when reallocating either screen exposure or non-screen sitting time to moderate physical activity. Furthermore, replacing 10 min/day of screen exposure with non-screen sitting time was beneficially associated with anxiety (B = − 0.033; 95 % CI = − 0.059, − 0.006) and depression (B = − 0.026; 95 % CI = − 0.050, − 0.002). Conclusions: Replacement of screen exposure with any intensity of physical activity or non-screen sitting time could improve mental health symptoms. Strategies aiming to reduce depressive and anxiety symptoms highlight physical activity promotion. However, future interventions should explore specific sedentary behaviors as some will relate positively while others negatively. © 2023 The AuthorsPablo de Olavide Univeristy; European Commission, EC; Ministerio de Universidades, MIUUniversidad Autónoma de Chil
Nursing Students’ Perception about Gender Inequalities Presented on Social Networks: A Qualitative Study
No full textDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, gender inequalities in nurses have been exacerbated through the images shown on social networks. This study aimed to explore and describe nursing students’ experiences and perceptions about gender inequalities in nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. A descriptive qualitative study was carried out in two universities in 264 undergraduate nursing students. The photovoice method was used to guide the study. Results: Two main categories and four subcategories were described from the data: “gender-related stereotypes”, with “male leadership in a female profession” and “sexualization of female nurses” and “women’s vulnerability in the pandemic” with “the gender gap in the face of increased risk of contagion “ and “women’s emotional fragility”. Over the years, care has been considered a female task, and nursing continues to be thought of in this way. The nurse has been discriminated against, poorly considered as a professional, and, as a woman, subjected to gender roles.Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Democratizando el Gusto por la Música Clásica para Todas las Personas
No full textThe right of every citizen to access cultural heritage, such as classical music, has been widely pointed out by international organizations. However, there are certain barriers that impede members of vulnerable groups from enjoying the benefits of this type of music, namely cultural elitism. Some authors have stated that the taste for classical music depends on the social class. Nevertheless, our research has found evidence that demonstrates that it is not so in nine different contexts. We present here results of Dialogic Music Gatherings (DMG), that demonstrate that everyone can enjoy classical music. Thus, the purpose of this article is to analyze the impact the DMG have had on widening participants’ access to classical music and increasing the taste towards this music from very diverse age and socioeconomic groups. To that end, a survey study was conducted among nine education centers from elementary to adult education. Data has been analyzed through the Communicative Methodology by defining the transformative and exclusionary elements in relation to the access and taste towards the classical music. Results suggest these participants have accessed classical music and increased the taste towards this music after participating in the DMGs, regardless of their social and cultural background. © The Author(s) 2023.Universidad Autónoma de Chil