Repositorio académico de acceso abierto (Univ. Autonóma de Chile)
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Quantum-mechanical study of a MO2(cyclam)+ complexes series with M = Mn, Tc, Re
No full textThis work focuses on the theoretical study of nd2 pentavalent group 7 metal ions (Mn, Tc, Re) electronic structures complexed with cyclam (MO2(cyclam)+) via DFT due to their fascinating photochemical and electrochemical properties. Optical properties were studied via TD-DFT modeling ground (S0) and first excited (S1 and T1) states including spin–orbit effect induced in the absorption and emission spectra. Metal-ligand interactions were studied via EDA-NOCV analysis. DFT suggests increase stability as the metal gets bigger. MLCT and LMCT mechanisms can modulate the optical properties of cyclam ligand and could confer photocatalytic properties under visible light. Deactivation mechanisms shows dark states in all studied complexes. EDA-NOCV results show metal/cyclam interaction with covalent character for all systems, while the metal/oxygens interaction presents large electrostatic character where charge flow happens from cyclam ligand toward nd2-metal orbitals. All theoretical results suggest that MnO2(cyclam)+(a) will display similar properties to reported compounds TcO2(cyclam)+(b) and (ReO2(cyclam)+(c). © 2023 Elsevier B.V.ANID-Millennium, (ACT210057, ANID/FONDAP/1523A0006); Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico, FONDECYT, (1201880, 1231194, 321027
Global prevalence and gender inequalities in at least 60 min of self-reported moderate-to-vigorous physical activity 1 or more days per week: An analysis with 707,616 adolescents
No full textBackground: Guidelines recommend that adolescents should accumulate an average of 60 min per day of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). However, using only this cut-off could hide important information. For instance, from a population-level point of view, increasing physical activity for those with no or low physical activity could provide more health benefits than increasing physical activity for those with intermediate levels. Also, including a more sensitive cut-point of ≥1 day per week could be an additional strategy for identifying those with low access/opportunities for physical activity practice. Thus, the current study aims to estimate the prevalence of ≥60 min of MVPA ≥1 days per week among adolescents globally, and to describe any relevant gender inequalities. Methods: We used representative datasets from 146 countries/territories collected between 2003 and 2019. MVPA was self-reported. Participants were grouped into younger (≤14 years old) and older (>14 years old) adolescents. Crude Poisson regression models were used to identify the relative differences in ≥60 min of MVPA ≥1 days per week between boys and girls, and random-effects meta-analysis models were used to identify the pooled estimates. Analyses were stratified by country and region. Results: Approximately 80% of both younger and older adolescents reported ≥60 min of MVPA ≥1 days per week. This prevalence was ≥94% in Europe and Central Asia and North America, while the estimates for the other regions were 14y = 1.09 (95%CI: 1.08‒1.10)). Conclusion: Approximately 8 out of 10 adolescents reported accumulating ≥60 min of MVPA ≥1 days per week, with notable differences between regions. Gender differences were observed in several countries, especially among the oldest adolescents. Priorities for physical activity promotion among adolescents should include increasing access/opportunities for physical activity among those who do not achieve ≥60 min of MVPA ≥1 days per week and reducing gender inequalities. © 2024Brazilian Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel; EURO; World Health Organization, WHO; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, CAPES, (88887.605034/2021-00, 88887.605029/2021-00, 88887.694146/2022-00); Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, CAPES; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, FAPESP, (2019/24124-7); Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, FAPES
Study protocol and rationale of “the UP project”: evaluating the effectiveness of active breaks on health indicators in desk-based workers
No full textBackground: Excessive sedentary time has been negatively associated with several health outcomes, and physical activity alone does not seem to fully counteract these consequences. This panorama emphasizes the essential of sedentary time interruption programs. “The Up Project” seeks to assess the effectiveness of two interventions, one incorporating active breaks led by a professional and the other utilizing a computer application (self-led), of both equivalent duration and intensity. These interventions will be compared with a control group to evaluate their impact on physical activity levels, sedentary time, stress perception, occupational pain, and cardiometabolic risk factors among office workers. Methods: This quasi-experimental study includes 60 desk-based workers from universities and educational institutes in Valparaiso, Chile, assigned to three groups: (a) booster breaks led by professionals, (b) computer prompts that are unled, and (c) a control group. The intervention protocol for both experimental groups will last 12 weeks (only weekdays). The following measurements will be performed at baseline and post-intervention: cardiometabolic risk based on body composition (fat mass, fat-free mass, and bone mass evaluated by DXA), waist circumference, blood pressure, resting heart rate, and handgrip strength. Physical activity and sedentary time will be self-reported and device-based assessed using accelerometry. Questionnaires will be used to determine the perception of stress and occupational pain. Discussion: Governments worldwide are addressing health issues associated with sedentary behavior, particularly concerning individuals highly exposed to it, such as desk-based workers. Despite implementing certain strategies, there remains a noticeable gap in comprehensive research comparing diverse protocols. For instance, studies that contrast the outcomes of interventions led by professionals with those prompted by computers are scarce. This ongoing project is expected to contribute to evidence-based interventions targeting reduced perceived stress levels and enhancing desk-based employees’ mental and physical well-being. The implications of these findings could have the capacity to lay the groundwork for future public health initiatives and government-funded programs. Copyright © 2024 Cristi-Montero, Martínez-Flores, Espinoza-Puelles, Favero-Ramirez, Zurita-Corvalan, Cañete, Leppe, Ferrari, Sadarangani, Cancino-López, Hernandez-Jaña, Farias, Lemes, Rodríguez-Rodríguez and Brand.Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, PUCV; ANID BECAS Magíster Nacional, (5185–2023)Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Association between parental feeding styles, body mass index, and consumption of fruits, vegetables and processed foods with mothers´ perceptions of feeding difficulties in children
No full textBackground: Feeding difficulties (FDs) are complex phenomena influenced by parental factors, feeding behaviour, and cultural factors. However, studies of the influences of these factors on FDs incidence are scarce. Thus, this study aimed to identify the associations between mothers’ perceptions of FDs in children and parental feeding styles, body mass index, and the consumption of fruits, vegetables and processed foods. Method: Two hundred and fifty-seven mothers of children aged 1 to 6 years and 11 months participated in this cross-sectional study and self-completed electronic questionnaires on sociographic variables, parental feeding styles, the consumption of fruits, vegetables and processed foods and FDs. Nutritional status was classified by body mass index (kg/m2). Results: The prevalence of FDs in children was 48.2%, and the mean age was 43.8 (± 17.6) months. The indulgent parental feeding style was the most common (40.1%), followed by the authoritative (31.1%), authoritarian (23.7%), and uninvolved (5.1%) styles. An indulgent parental feeding style (OR: 4.66; 95% CI: 2.20–9.85), a high body mass index (OR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.09–1.68), and the consumption of processed foods (OR: 5.21; 95% CI: 2.85–9.53) were positively associated with increased odds of the absence of FDs in children. The associations of authoritarian and uninvolved parental feeding styles and the consumption of fruits and vegetables with FDs in children were not significant. Conclusion: This study identified multiple factors that are possibly associated with feeding behaviours in young children. However, further studies need to be undertaken to evaluate how such behaviours affect FDs. © The Author(s) 2024.Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Consideraciones sobre la relación entre la variación dialectal y el abordaje terapéutico de los trastornos del habla
No full textIn healthcare, phenomena which are frequent and expected in a given community or culture are considered normal. However, the criteria currently used to determine when speech sound interventions should be performed do not adhere to this standard, and do not take into account patients’ psychosocial characteristics, but rather continue to follow the biomedical model. After a review of the relevant literature, we propose that new criteria for speech sound evaluation and intervention are needed. We argue that such criteria should be developed by a multidisciplinary group made up of experts in healthcare, education and the social sciences, using a descriptivist framework and adhering to the biopsychosocial model.En el ámbito de la salud, se consideran normales los fenómenos frecuentes y esperados en una comunidad o cultura; sin embargo los actuales criterios para definir cuándo intervenir los sonidos del habla se alejan de esta norma al no considerar los aspectos psicosociales del usuario, aproximándose de este modo al modelo biomédico. Tras una revisión de la literatura relevante, se propone la necesidad de establecer nuevos criterios de evaluación e intervención de la articulación con un equipo multidisciplinario, formado por profesionales de la salud, la educación y las ciencias sociales, con perspectiva descriptiva, que se ajuste al modelo biopsicosocial
In “J” Laparotomy. An Alternative Pathway for High Abdominal Surgery
No full textPathways for high abdominal surgery (HAS) are vertical, oblique and transverse laparotomies. A variety of these is known as “in J laparotomy” (JL). The aim of this study is to analyze the results obtained with JL in HAS, in terms of local postoperative complications (LPC) respect of vertical laparotomies (VL). Historical cohort study. The sample consisted of patients operated for HAS consecutively between 1996 and 2012 (17 years), at the Hospital Clínico de la Universidad Mayor. The outcome variable was development of LPC. Other variables of interest were diagnosed at admission, surgery performed, hospital stay, surgical time and type of wound. The cohort of patients undergoing JL was compared with other patients with VL. The patients had a minimum follow-up of 12 months. Descriptive and analytical statistics (t-test, Chi2 and exact of Fisher) were used. LPC incidence was calculated in both groups. In addition, RR, RAR and NNT were also calculated. The study population was 220 patients, 120 (54.5%) operated with JL and 100 (45.5%) with VL; with a mean age of 45.5 years; 130 (59.1%) women. Diagnoses at intake, type of surgical wound, surgical techniques, surgical time and hospital stay were similar in the study groups. We found no significant differences between groups in the comparative study and incidence of evisceration (p=0.8012) and hernia (p=0.7895). However, significant differences were observed in favor of JL regarding seroma (p=0.0312) and wound infection (p=0.013). In conclusion, JL is safe and comparable with respect to VL in terms of LPC in patients who underwent HAS
The Longitudinal Association between Multiple Frailty Criteria and Depressive Symptomatology Five Years Later in Older Adults: A Decision Tree Modelling Approach
No full textBackground: To examine the longitudinal association between frailty criteria and depression (DEP) in a large sample of older Europeans using decision tree models, and to examine complex relationships between frailty criteria and DEP symptomatology. Methods: Data come from waves six and eight of the Population Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe. DEP was assessed using the EURO-D scale (wave 8) and frailty (wave 6). We included 27,122 people (56.9% women), aged 50 or over. Results: Women indicated a higher rate of DEP (29.0%), as well as a higher prevalence of pre-frailty (21.6%) and frailty (10.8%) than men. For both sexes, fatigue, weight loss, and slowness indicated an increased chance of DEP 5 years later. MPA (moderate physical activity) and grip strength were considered longitudinally protective factors for DEP. The highest prevalence of DEP symptomatology 5 years later was 50.3%, pointing to those with fatigue and slowness. Among women, the highest incidence of DEP was 66.8%, identified through fatigue, slowness, and low MPA. Conclusions: Strategies to reduce frailty and DEP in older European adults may include the creation of policies that encourage the promotion of physical capacity to reach MPA levels, as well as an improvement in muscular strength. © 2024 by the authors.National Centres of Competence in Research SwissMAP; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung, SNF, (51NF40-185901); Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung, SNFUniversidad Autónoma de Chil
Strength training has antidepressant effects in people with depression or depressive symptoms but no other severe diseases: A systematic review with meta-analysis
No full textDepression and subthreshold depressive symptoms reduce quality of life and function and treatment does not work effectively in one-third of patients. Exercise can reduce depressive symptoms, but more information is required regarding strength training (ST). The objective of the present meta-analysis was to summarize and estimate the efficacy of ST in people with a diagnosis of depression or subthreshold depressive symptoms and no other severe disease. We also aimed to explore the variables that could influence the antidepressant effects. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, PsyINFO, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus were searched from inception to August 2022. The overall effect antidepressant of training was moderate (SMD = −0.51, 95 % CI −0.72 to −0.30, p < 0.001). The meta-regression demonstrated preliminary evidence that the variables: duration of the intervention in weeks, weekly frequency of the intervention, number of sets, and number of repetitions can influence the antidepressant effects. However, these variables had a small role in the variation of the effect. © 2024 Elsevier B.V
Comparison of international height and BMI-for-age growth references and their correlation with adiposity in Brazilian schoolchildren
No full textThis study verified the diagnostic accuracy of the nutritional status classified by the international height and BMI references of the World Health Organization (WHO) (WHO/2007), International Obesity Task Force (IOTF/2012) and MULT (2023). The data pool was composed by 22 737 subjects aged five to 16 years from the Santos and Porto Alegre surveys. A correlation matrix between the z-scores of the BMI references and the skinfold measurements was calculated through the Pearson correlation coefficient (r), and the subject's nutritional status was classified according to the international growth references. The accuracy for diagnosing obesity was performed separately by sex and using the 95th percentile of the triceps and subscapular skinfold sum, while Lin's concordance coefficient, Bland-Altman method and the Cohen's Kappa coefficient (Kappa) were used to verify the concordance and reliability among the BMI references. The correlation matrix showed a high positive correlation among the BMI z-scores (r ≥ 0·99) and among the skinfold measurements (r ≥ 0·86). The prevalence of stunting was higher when applying the MULT reference (3·4 %) compared with the WHO reference (2·3 %). The Bland-Altman plots showed the lowest critical difference (CD) between the height references of WHO and MULT (CD = 0·22). Among the BMI references, the WHO obesity percentile presented lower performance than MULT for boys, presenting a lower +LR value (WHO = 6·99/MULT 18 years = 10·99; 19 years = 8·99; 20 years = 8·09) for the same -LR values (0·04). Therefore, MULT reference holds promise as a valuable tool for diagnosing childhood obesity, particularly when considering sex differences. This enhances its suitability for assessing the nutritional status of Brazilian schoolchildren. © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Nutrition Society
Contribution of the Type III Secretion System (T3SS2) of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Mitochondrial Stress in Human Intestinal Cells
No full textVibrio parahaemolyticus is an important human pathogen that is currently the leading cause of shellfish-borne gastroenteritis in the world. Particularly, the pandemic strain has the capacity to induce cytotoxicity and enterotoxicity through its Type 3 Secretion System (T3SS2) that leads to massive cell death. However, the specific mechanism by which the T3SS2 induces cell death remains unclear and its contribution to mitochondrial stress is not fully understood. In this work, we evaluated the contribution of the T3SS2 of V. parahaemolyticus in generating mitochondrial stress during infection in human intestinal HT-29 cells. To evaluate the contribution of the T3SS2 of V. parahaemolyticus in mitochondrial stress, infection assays were carried out to evaluate mitochondrial transition pore opening, mitochondrial fragmentation, ATP quantification, and cell viability during infection. Our results showed that the Δvscn1 (T3SS2+) mutant strain contributes to generating the sustained opening of the mitochondrial transition pore. Furthermore, it generates perturbations in the ATP production in infected cells, leading to a significant decrease in cell viability and loss of membrane integrity. Our results suggest that the T3SS2 from V. parahaemolyticus plays a role in generating mitochondrial stress that leads to cell death in human intestinal HT-29 cells. It is important to highlight that this study represents the first report indicating the possible role of the V. parahaemolyticus T3SS2 and its effector proteins involvement in generating mitochondrial stress, its impact on the mitochondrial pore, and its effect on ATP production in human cells. © 2024 by the authors.Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, UAdeC, (DIUAV 02-2022, 1190957, 11231192, DIU 260-2023); Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo, ANID, (DIUA 276-2024); Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico, FONDECYT, (3200874)Universidad Autónoma de Chil