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Validation of a Questionnaire to Analyze Teacher Training in Inclusive Education in the Area of Physical Education: The CEFI-R Questionnaire
No full textInclusive education is a right that has captured the attention of public institutions, researchers, and teaching professionals around the world. The beliefs and perceptions of teachers are a fundamental axis in knowing the state of these professionals regarding this ethical principle, allowing them to develop and implement different strategies. This study aims to explore the reliability and factor structure of the Evaluation of Teachers’ Preparation for Inclusion (CEFI-R) questionnaire among physical education teachers. The sample consisted of 789 Spanish in-service teachers who completed the questionnaire to assess their readiness for inclusion in this subject. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses as well as reliability testing were carried out. A factor structure with four dimensions (conception of diversity, methodology, support, and community participation) was obtained. These dimensions consisted of 17 items with good and excellent goodness-of-fit values. In addition, a high reliability was obtained (Cronbach’s Alpha = 0.71−0.93). Therefore, the CEFI-R could be considered a valid and reliable tool to analyze physical education teachers’ perceptions of their preparedness for inclusive education. © 2023 by the authors.Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Complexity measurements for the thermal convection in a viscoelastic fluid saturated porous medium
No full textMeasuring complexity statistical indicators is a key method to analyze and characterize dynamical systems. In this work, we perform a comparative analysis among the López-Ruiz, Mancini & Calbet complexity indicator and the largest Lyapunov exponent for the convection problem of a viscoelastic fluid in a porous medium with feedback control based in an Oldroyd carrier liquid through a four-dimensional generalized Lorenz system. With both indicators can be distinguished from chaotic to periodic states. We perform intensive numerical simulations with 4×106 in the space parameters, finding good agreement between them, such that difference is close to 2%. We have also detected that the computing time is much faster in the case of complexity indicator than for Lyapunov exponents. Finally, we have also studied the effect of the initial conditions in the coexistence states, encountering multistability. © 2023 The AuthorsANID, Chile, (SA77210040); UTA-MAYOR; Centro para el Desarrollo de la Nanociencia y la Nanotecnología, CEDENNA; Research Management Centre, International Islamic University Malaysia, RMC, (AFB220001)Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Socioemotional wealth: A systematic literature review from a family business perspective
No full textThe purpose of this study is to conduct a bibliometric analysis of socioemotional wealth research from the perspective of the family business. This analysis describes the current research trends and shows the future lines of research to guide future research in this field. A detailed and systematic analysis of the scientific production of 1026 articles on socioemotional wealth published in the Web of Science (WoS) between 1975 and 2012 has been carried out. This work shows the consolidation of socioemotional wealth as an area of research in family business, whose development has occurred since 2007. On the other hand, the most important articles, authors, countries and institutions in research on socioemotional wealth are pointed out. Finally, this paper concludes that the theoretical foundation of socioemotional wealth as an area of research is due to its connection with Family Business Theory. © 2023 The AuthorsUniversidad Autónoma de Chil
Understanding the consequences of Female Genital Mutilation: a phenomenological study in sub-Saharan women living in Spain
No full textBackground: Female Genital Mutilation (FGM), which is culturally accepted in some African communities, has serious consequences on the physical, psychological, urogynecological, obstetrical and sexual health of girls and women. It is therefore important to understand women's experiences of the consequences of FGM. Objective: to understand the experiences of the consequences of female genital mutilation in sub-Saharan female survivors living in Spain. Design: a qualitative study based on Merleau-Ponty's hermeneutic phenomenology. Participants and setting: 13 sub-Saharan female survivors of female genital mutilation participated. The study was carried out in two south-eastern Spanish provinces where many jobs in the agricultural and service industry are done by African immigrants originating from ethnic groups in which FGM is still prevalent. Findings: In-depth interviews were carried out for data collection. ATLAS.ti was used for inductive analysis, from which two main themes were developed that represent the experiences of the consequences of FGM: (a) The impact of FGM: Hijacked sexual health and (b) The difficult process of genital reconstruction: overcoming the aftereffects and regaining integrity. Conclusion and implications for practice: The mutilated women experienced serious consequences in their sexual, psychological and obstetrical health. Genital reconstruction was a difficult decision but contributed to regaining their sexual health and identity. The professionals involved play an important role in the care provided for the associated consequences of FGM, in identifying risk groups and in providing advice that allows the women to regain their sexual and reproductive health. © 2023 The Author(s)CTS-451 Health Science Research Group; University of Almeria; European Regional Development Fund, ERDF, (TRFE-SI-2019/01); Junta de AndalucíaUniversidad Autónoma de Chil
La libertad de investigación en el proceso de propuestas de nueva Constitución en Chile
No full textThis article addresses freedom of research and its limits, analysing the Chilean constitutional process that ended with the rejection of two texts of the new constitution (2022 and 2023) offered to the citizens. This article aims to analyse what are the approaches of both rejected texts in terms of freedom of research. © 2023, Universidad de Talca. All rights reserved.Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Niveles de burnout y factores asociados en trabajadores de la unidad de cuidados intensivos en la primera ola de la pandemia COVID-19 en Chile: estudio transversal
No full textIntroduction The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in an unpredictable healthcare crisis with a high psychological burden on healthcare workers. Objective To evaluate burnout levels and their associated demographics and occupational factors among intensive care unit healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in a single hospital in the city of Temuco, Chile. Methods A cross-sectional design in which a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Maslach Burnout Inventory for Human Services were sent to health care workers in a single Chilean Intensive Care Unit during the pandemic COVID-19. Burnout levels, demographic, and occupational factors are reported using descriptive statistics; correlations between burnout levels and demographic-occupational factors were analyzed using Spearman’s and rank-biserial correlation coefficients; and multiple linear stepwise regression was used to assess the contribution of demographic and occupational factors to participants’ burnout levels. Results A total of 84 participants (46 women and 38 men) were included in the analysis. Depersonalization and low personal accomplishment were evidenced in 95.2% and 98.8% of the intensive care unit healthcare workers, respectively. Emotional exhaustion was positively correlated with having children (r = 0.72; p < 0.01). Age (r = 0.79; p < 0.05), sex (r = 0.30; p < 0.05), and prior experience in intensive care unit facilities (r = 0.71; p < 0.05) were correlated with depersonalization. Feeling of personal accomplishment was positively correlated with with sex (r = 0.70; p < 0.05) and type of work shift (r = 0.29; p < 0.01). Conclusions The intensive care unit healthcare workers in this study reported high levels of depersonalization and low feelings of personal accomplishment during an advanced stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. Older age, being female, having children, having intensive care unit experience, and working at 4th shift were factors related to burnout dimensions. © 2023, Medwave Estudios Ltda. All rights reserved.Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Frailty Index as a Predictor of Mortality in Middle-Aged and Older People: A Prospective Analysis of Chilean Adults
No full textWe aimed to investigate the association between frailty status and all-cause mortality in middle-aged and older people. We included 2661 individuals aged ≥ 35 from the Chilean National Health Survey 2009–2010. Mortality was determined through linkage with the Chilean Civil Registry and Identification. A 36-item frailty index (FI) was used to assess the frailty status. Associations between frailty status and all-cause mortality were assessed using Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. A non-linear association was investigated using penalized cubic splines fitted in the Cox models. During an 8.9 median follow-up (interquartile range of 8.6–9.0), 308 individuals died (11.5%). Lower survival rates were observed in frail individuals compared to pre-frail and robust people (log-rank < 0.001). Compared with robust individuals, frail people had a higher mortality risk (HR: 2.35 [95% CI: 1.57 to 3.51]). Frail middle-aged individuals had a higher risk of dying independently of major risk factors.Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Natural Products from Chilean and Antarctic Marine Fungi and Their Biomedical Relevance
No full textFungi are a prolific source of bioactive molecules. During the past few decades, many bioactive natural products have been isolated from marine fungi. Chile is a country with 6435 Km of coastline along the Pacific Ocean and houses a unique fungal biodiversity. This review summarizes the field of fungal natural products isolated from Antarctic and Chilean marine environments and their biological activities.Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Neuroprotection from protein misfolding in cerebral hypoperfusion concurrent with metabolic syndrome. A translational perspective
No full textBased on clinical and experimental evidence, metabolic syndrome (MetS) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are considered risk factors for chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) and neurodegeneration. Scientific evidence suggests that protein misfolding is a potential mechanism that explains how CCH can lead to either Alzheimer’s disease (AD) or vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID). Over the last decade, there has been a significant increase in the number of experimental studies regarding this issue. Using several animal paradigms and different markers of CCH, scientists have discussed the extent to which MetSor T2D causes a decrease in cerebral blood flow (CBF). In addition, different models of CCH have explored how long-term reductions in oxygen and energy supply can trigger AD or VCID via protein misfolding and aggregation. Research that combines two or three animal models could broaden knowledge of the links between these pathological conditions. Recent experimental studies suggest novel neuroprotective properties of protein-remodeling factors. In this review, we present a summarized updated revision of preclinical findings, discussing clinical implications and proposing new experimental approaches from a translational perspective. We are confident that research studies, both clinical and experimental, may find new diagnostic and therapeutic tools to prevent neurodegeneration associated with MetS, diabetes, and any other chronic non-communicable disease (NCD) associated with diet and lifestyle risk factors. Copyright © 2023 Bordet, Luaces, Herrera, Gonzalez, Kobiec, Perez-Lloret, Otero-Losada and Capani.Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Problemas de salud mental en universitarios durante la pandemia por COVID-19: ¿qué tipo de ayuda buscan?
No full textIntroduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the psychological well-being of the population, with young people being a particularly vulnerable group. Aim: The present study examines help-seeking intention for mental health problems and associated variables among male and female university students in La Araucanía Region during the COVI-19 pandemic. Method: A sample of 500 students aged 18 to 29 was recruited through non-probabilistic convenience sampling. Help-seeking levels and facilitating or hindering variables were compared by gender. Multiple linear regression models were estimated separately by gender to predict the criterion variable of informal help-seeking. Results: The results indicate that both men and women are reluctant to seek help (formal and informal). Women reported higher levels of psychological distress and greater knowledge about mental health than men. Differences in predictors of informal help-seeking between men and women are evidenced, with social support and negative emotions in pandemic being the only common predictors between genders. Conclusion: The low levels of help-seeking evidenced, and the differences observed in associated variables based on the gender gap in mental health, are discussed. © 2023 Terapia PsicológicaUniversidad Autónoma de Chil