Repositorio académico de acceso abierto (Univ. Autonóma de Chile)
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Association between school environment with sedentary behavior and physical activity intensity in children
No full textWe examined the association between indicators of the school environment with sedentary behavior and different intensities of physical activity in children. The study that included 515 children (265 boys) aged 9–11 years old from public and private schools in the city of São Caetano do Sul. Sedentary behavior and different intensities of physical activity were evaluated with an accelerometer. Inside school environment (policies, supervision committee, extracurricular activities, breaks, and access to school facilities) was evaluated using a questionnaire. Policies and practice (β: 8.49; 95% CI: 3.62–13.36), supervision committee (5.42; 0.64–10.19), inter-school competitions (2.40, 2.25–2.55), breaks of 15–29 min/day (6.87; 2.20–10.75), and outdoor sports field (5.40; 0.37–10.44), were positively associated with moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity. Furthermore, crossing guards (7.65; 3.00–12.30) were positively associated with moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity. We concluded that an association was found between school environment indicators with higher levels of physical activity and greater odds of meeting physical activity guidelines. © 2023, The Author(s).Municipal Department of EducationUniversidad Autónoma de Chil
La online dispute resolution, acceso a la justicia y protección de los derechos del consumidor en el comercio electrónico: el caso chileno
No full textThis study aims to make a comparison between the self-composition (normative self-regulation) of online dispute resolution (ODR) and state regulatory intervention (hard law) concerning the treatment of consumer rights in B2C relationships. The article proposes that regulatory intervention may not be enough since, as demonstrated by the very recent regulation on Alternative Dispute Resolution Methods, ADR, for consumers in Chile, the lack of knowledge of the regulatory body about the effects of emerging technologies on mediation issues could make ODRs a mechanism destined to fail. To identify the main implications of the Regulation of ODR platforms, this study is based on a conceptual analysis of mediation based on Professor Scott J. Shapiro’s “obvious truths” method. The study identifies the main implications of ODR platforms as a method to guarantee access to justice for consumers to apply the current regulation and the one that should be considered for future regulations. © 2023 Common Ground Research Networks. All rights reserved.Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Intensity of a Physical Exercise Programme Executed through Immersive Virtual Reality
No full textEvidence suggests that moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is necessary for health benefits. Immersive virtual reality is a technology that uses images, sounds, and tactile sensations from a simulated world to encourage healthy behaviours and physical activity. The aims of this research are (1) to determine the duration and intensity of physical activity performed through immersive virtual reality; (2) to determine differences in physical activity intensity according to gender. Methods: A nonprobabilistic convenience sample composed of 39 university students of physical education pedagogy, who performed, through immersive virtual reality, a physical activity programme composed of three levels that progressively increased in complexity. Physical activity intensity was measured using accelerometers. Results: Of the three levels, the most complex was not the one that produced the most minutes of MVPA. The three levels added up to 08:53 min of MVPA. No significant differences were found when comparing them by sex. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that an exercise programme delivered through immersive virtual reality generates MVPA levels, with no major differences between sexes. Further research is needed to confirm the contribution of immersive virtual reality to physical activity. © 2023 by the authors.Universidad Autónoma de Chil
The Importance of Gender in Body Mass Index, Age, and Body Self-Perception of University Students in Spain
No full textBody image is a fundamental factor that influences a person's self-image throughout life and at all stages of life. Self-perception of body image and body mass index may be related, as the way a person views him or herself can influence their eating behavior and level of physical activity, which in turn can affect their weight and BMI. The aim of this study is to find the association between body mass index, age, and body self-perception of university students, analyzing possible differences according to the gender of the students. In total, 312 students answered five sociodemographic questions in addition to the Multidimensional Body Self Relations Questionnaire, which consists of 45 questions grouped into four dimensions. Spearman's Rho test was used to analyze the association between each of the Multidimensional Body Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ) factors and body mass index (BMI). Statistical differences were found in dimension 3 (p < 0.01) of the MBSRQ questionnaire with respect to BMI in both sexes, and in dimension 1 (p < 0.01), a significant difference was found in female students. With the male gender, significant differences were found between age and BMI (0.04). Consequently, the sex to which the student belongs conditions his or her BMI with the self-perceived body image, so lines of action should be developed to improve self-image.Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Formación Inicial Docente (FID) y educación intercultural: cómo prevenir la violencia hacia la niñez migrante
No full textThe goal of this article is to analyze the relationship between teacher training needs in the field of interculturality and violence against migrant children with a view to an anti-racist education. Results of a study carried out in two regions of the country are presented: Metropolitan and Valparaíso. Through a qualitative methodology, semi-structured interviews were applied to teachers and professionals who serve the migrant school population. It is concluded that there are discourses that recognize the problems of racism and discrimination suffered by this population, as well as other accounts that deny or minimize it, hierarchizing the nationalities of origin of the migrant student body. There is also an urgent need for teacher training that emerges from a global public policy that promotes an updated curriculum where cultural diversity is a value, while the category of childhood is recognized as a priority axis of inequality and the recognized reception as a transversal practice. In the current scenario, various coexistence conflicts arise that need to be managed from paradigms that are friendly to migrant children and methodologies that recognize their rights and guarantee true inclusion in our country. © 2023, Universidad del Pacifico Press. All rights reserved.Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Modernity and Psychotherapy: Two Interpretative Horizons
No full textThis article aims to analyze two interpretive focuses around modernity in psychotherapy: one that describes its successes, positioning itself in favor of modernity, and another that represents its mistakes in the discipline, placing itself against it. For this, a contextual framework on modernity and psychotherapy is exposed. Then, through a hermeneutical methodology, both interpretative focuses are developed. The first (in favor) converges on how modernity has promoted the scientific status of psychotherapy, while the second (against) focuses on the epistemological implications of modernity in clinical practice. Finally, reflects on some possibilities of integration of the debate are presented through analogical hermeneutics and Feyerabend's epistemological pluralism.Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Prevalência e incidência da prática insuficiente de atividade física em adolescentes brasileiros durante a pandemia: dados da ConVid Adolescentes
No full textObjective: To evaluate the prevalence and incidence of insufficient physical activity in Brazilian adolescents and identify the most affected subgroups during the pandemic. Methods: This study used data from the “ConVid Adolescents – Behavior Survey”, which evaluated the behavior of 9,470 Brazilian adolescents during the period of social restriction due to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, through a self-administered online questionnaire. Participants were invited through a virtual “snowball” sampling procedure. Information was reported on the frequency of physical activity before and during the pandemic. The exposure variables used were gender, age group, race/skin color, region of Brazil, type of school, maternal education, financial difficulties during the pandemic, and social restrictions. Logistic regression models were used. Results: Adolescents engaged in less physical activity during the pandemic, as the prevalence of insufficient physical activity increased from 71.3% in the previous period to 84.3% during the pandemic. The incidence of insufficient physical activity during the pandemic was 69.6%. The subgroups of adolescents most affected were those who self-declared as black or with dark skin color, reported financial difficulties during the pandemic, lived in the Southeast and South regions of the country, and practiced intense or complete social distancing. Conclusion: High incidences of insufficient physical activity were observed among Brazilian adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is recommended that further studies explore periods after those analyzed to identify the behavioral dynamics of adolescents upon returning to in-person activities. © 2023 | Epidemio is a publication of Associação Brasileira de Saúde Coletiva-ABRASCO.Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Chronic physical conditions, physical multimorbidity, and quality of life among adults aged ≥ 50 years from six low- and middle-income countries
No full textPurpose: Multimorbidity (i.e., ≥ 2 chronic conditions) poses a challenge for health systems and governments, globally. Several studies have found inverse associations between multimorbidity and quality of life (QoL). However, there is a paucity of studies from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), especially among the older population, as well as studies examining mediating factors in this association. Thus, the present study aimed to explore the associations, and mediating factors, between multimorbidity and QoL among older adults in LMICs. Methods: Cross-sectional nationally representative data from the Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health were analyzed. A total of 11 chronic conditions were assessed. QoL was assessed with the 8-item WHO QoL instrument (range 0–100) with higher scores representing better QoL. Multivariable linear regression and mediation analyses were conducted to assess associations. Results: The final sample consisted of 34,129 adults aged ≥ 50 years [mean (SD) age 62.4 (16.0) years; age range 50–114 years; 52.0% females]. Compared to no chronic conditions, 2 (b-coefficient − 5.89; 95% CI − 6.83, − 4.95), 3 (− 8.35; − 9.63, − 7.06), 4 (− 10.87; − 12.37, − 9.36), and ≥ 5 (− 13.48; − 15.91, − 11.06) chronic conditions were significantly associated with lower QoL, dose-dependently. The mediation analysis showed that mobility (47.9%) explained the largest proportion of the association between multimorbidity and QoL, followed by pain/discomfort (43.5%), sleep/energy (35.0%), negative affect (31.9%), cognition (20.2%), self-care (17.0%), and interpersonal activities (12.0%). Conclusion: A greater number of chronic conditions was associated with lower QoL dose-dependently among older adults in LMICs. Public health and medical practitioners should aim to address the identified mediators to improve QoL in patients with multimorbidity. © 2022, The Author(s).National Institute on Aging, NIA, (OGHA 04034785, R01-AG034479, R21-AG034263, Y1-AG-1005–01, YA1323–08-CN-0020); European Commission, ECUniversidad Autónoma de Chil
Effects of Olympic Combat Sports on Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Non-Athlete Population: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
No full textThis systematic review aimed to assess the available body of published peer-reviewed articles related to the effects of Olympic combat sports (OCS) on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in the non-athlete population. The methodological quality and certainty of evidence were evaluated using PRISMA, TESTEX, RoB, and GRADE scales. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (code: CRD42023391433). From 4133 records, six randomized controlled trials were included, involving 855 non-athletes (mean age = 27.2 years old). The TESTEX scale reported all studies with a ≥ 60% (moderate-high quality) score. The GRADE scale indicated moderate to low certainty of evidence. It was only possible to perform a meta-analysis on direct methods to maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max). The main results indicated significant differences in favor of OCS compared to active/passive controls in VO2max (SMD = 4.61; 95%CI = 1.46 to 7.76; I2 = 99%; p = 0.004), while the individual results of the studies reported significant improvements in favor of the OCS on the indirect methods of the CRF. OCS improved CRF in a healthy non-athlete population of different ages, specifically showing a significant improvement in VO2max with direct tests, such as cardiopulmonary tests. However, moderate to low certainty of evidence is reported, so no definitive recommendations can be established. © 2023 by the authors.Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Body image in children and adolescents diagnosed with the human immunodeficiency virus: a systematic review
No full textCONTEXT: The relationship with body image, which is the way the body presents itself to each subject, can be aggravated in children and adolescents diagnosed with an human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, since these patients use antiretroviral therapy and may suffer from the adverse effects of the treatment due to continuous use of medication. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of body image dissatisfaction, to describe the assessment meth-ods, and to identify associated factors in children and adolescents diagnosed with HIV. DESIGN AND SETTING: This is a systematic review. Department of Physical Education, Florianópolis-Brazil METHODS: We followed the procedures of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) and the Cochrane recommendations in the selection of articles through a search performed in eight databases. RESULTS: Prevalence of body image dissatisfaction due to thinness was between 36.7–52.0% in males and 28.1–36.4% in females, and body image dissatisfaction due to overweight was between 8.0–31.2% in males and 21.9–50.0% in females. Factors associated with body image dissatisfaction were as follows: female sex, older age, low levels of physical activity, low self-esteem, higher body fat, higher body weight, greater arm muscle area, triceps skinfold thickness, and higher body mass index. CONCLUSION: Children and adolescents of both sexes diagnosed with HIV infection are dissatisfied by thinness and overweight of their body image. REGISTRATION: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/ (CRD42021257676). © 2023 by Associação Paulista de Medicina.Universidad Autónoma de Chil