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Editorial: Neuroprotection and disease modification in Parkinson’s disease: Volume II
No full textUniversidad Autónoma de Chil
Using python libraries and k-Nearest neighbors algorithms to delineate syn-sedimentary faults in sedimentary porous media
No full textThis paper introduces a methodology based on Python libraries and machine learning k-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) algorithms to create an interactive 3D HTML model (3D_Vertical_Sections_Faults_LRD.html) that combines 2D grain-size KNN-prediction vertical maps (vertical sections) from which syn-sedimentary faults and other features in sedimentary porous media can be delineated. The model can be visualized and handled with conventional web browsers. The grain-size physical parameter is measurable, constant over instrumental time, handleable mathematically, and its range can be associated to lithological classes. Grain-size input data comes from a public database of 433 boreholes in the Llobregat River Delta (LRD) in NE Spain. Four lithological classes were defined: Pre-Quaternary basement, and Quaternary gravel, sand, and clay–silt. Using a new KNN-prediction algorithm, seven NW–SE (transversal) and three SW–NE (longitudinal) vertical sections were created following the orientation of faults identified in surface and detected in reflection seismic geophysical surveys. For exploratory K values in the 1–75 range were used. K around 25 provides the general and smoothy shape of the basement top surface, whereas K = 1 is a optimal value to represent the heterogeneity of the LRD at short distance. Using a new KNN-prediction confidence algorithm inspired in the Similarity Ratio algorithm for machine-learning KNN, the vertical sections overall confidence was evaluated as satisfactory. A general decreasing confidence trend according to the decreasing data density with depth and from inland to seaward was found. The vertical sections created with K = 1 show horizontal interruptions (displacements or vertical steps) in the basement continuity and in the Quaternary coarse bodies (gravel and sand) attributable to the action of Quaternary active faults. These faults have been linked or correlated with well-known active faults in the area related in much cases with the Valencia Trough opening. Moreover, several faults detected in surface and other identified in this paper by the first time have been revealed as fault zones made of fault branches with different steps in an echelon-like arrangement. Faulting seems to be more evident in the Pleistocene Lower Detrital Complex and much less active or inactive in the Holocene Upper Detrital Complex. Syn-tectonic gravel channels faulty controlled, progradation of gravel lobes, and lateral migration of channel bars were also observed. At its current development stage, this methodology could also be applied to other geological environments, making the due minor modifications of the code, and is especially suitable to reduce the high (usually unmeasurable) uncertainty associated to the qualitative geological data used in more complex numerical tools aimed at modelling a lot of geological resources (groundwater, minerals, geothermal, petroleum) or different Earth phenomena. © 2023 The AuthorsCTMA-IGA; Research Groups and projects of the Generalitat Valenciana; Universidad de Alicante; Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte, MECD, (PID2020-114381 GB-I00)Universidad Autónoma de Chil
TOCAR SIN PALPAR: SOBRE LA MATERIALIDAD, LA TEXTURA Y LA IMAGEN-PANTALLA
No full textThis article analyzes two poems and a video-installation that stress the notions of materiality and texture related to contemporary Information and Communication Technology (ICT). These technologies (for example: smartphones, notebooks and the algorithms that compose their programs and applications), mediate the relationship between humans and the world (Rodríguez, 2019). Thus, they determine and mold this relationship in constant feedback with the user, through reception, consumption and data production. Concepts as materiality are complexified, as electronic gadgets merge the image with the object, creating hybrids as the screen-image (Martínez, 2016). Because of this, a reconceptualization is needed in the contemporary context of the digital culture. Thus, questions about the surface arises (Tello, 2018), about the texture of the objects mediated by digital technologies, and about how the human being relates with them via new ways of apprehend the world through the senses. The literary and artistic works to be analyzed on this article are the digital poem Zapato incómodo (Gárate, 2011), the printed poem "id" (Correa-Díaz, 2016), and the Thomas Hirschhorn's video-installation Touching Reality (2012). © 2023 Universidad de Talca. All rights reserved.Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Trends in Autism Spectrum-Related Motherhood Research: A Bibliometric Study
No full textAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by difficulties in socialization. The amount of scientific research results on motherhood related to ASD has grown exponentially; however, there are no bibliometric studies in this field. Objective: This article aimed to analyze scientific research on motherhood related to the autism spectrum published in WoS. Articles on motherhood related to ASD were retrieved from the Web of Science (WoS). The advanced search interface used was “Title of the article, Abstract, Keywords”. The analysis and visualization of the selected documents and their data were performed using a wide range of tools and software such as MS Excel (v16.0), VOS viewer (version 1.6.15), and R packages (Biblioshiny, version 2.0). A total of 1660 articles were included in this study. Most of the publications were original articles. The United States published the most significant number of articles among the countries identified. P.R. Hastings, M.M. Seltzer, and J. Van de Water were the main authors. The Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders was the most productive and impactful journal. The main research topics were related to mental health and social support in the role of motherhood. This desk study provides researchers with a comprehensive understanding of ASD-related maternity research trends by evaluating relevant publications in recent decades. The results of this bibliometric analysis can serve as a basis and orientation for new studies.Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Physical Activity and Sitting Time Patterns and Sociodemographic Correlates Among 155,790 South American Adults
No full textBackground: To estimate the prevalence of different physical activity (PA) domains and sitting time (ST), and to analyze the association with sociodemographic indicators. Methods: Data from the most recent nationally representative survey from each of the South American countries, comprising 155,790 adults (18-64 y), were used. Data on leisure-time, transport, and occupational PA (all 3 domains as nonzero), total PA (>_150 min/wk), and ST (>_8 h/d) were assessed by specific questionnaires in each survey. Gender, age group (18-34, 35-49, and 50-64 y), and education (quintiles) were used as sociodemographic factors. Random effect meta-analysis of the association between sociodemographic factors and PA and ST were conducted. Results: The prevalence of PA guidelines compliance and elevated ST in South America was 70.3% and 14.1%, respectively. Women were less likely to achieve the recommended levels of total and domain-based PA. Participants in the highest quintile of education were more likely for elevated ST (2.80, 2.08-3.77), lower occupational PA (0.65, 0.44-0.95), but higher leisure-time PA (3.13, 2.31-4.27), in comparison with lowest quintile. Older adults were less likely to participate in total and leisure-time PA. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the urge to tackle the inequalities in PA practice in South America, especially gender and education inequalities, for leisure-time PA.Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) [2019/24124-7]; Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES); European Union NextGenerationEU for the Recovery, Transformation and Resilience Plan; Ministry of Universities; Pablo de Olavide University, Sevill
Reshaping healthcare supply chain using chain-of-things technology and key lessons experienced from COVID-19 pandemic
No full textThe COVID-19 (Corona virus disease 2019) pandemic continues to slash through the entire humanity on the earth causing an international health crisis and financial uncertainty. The pandemic has formed a colossal disruption in supply chain networks. It has caused piling higher mortality in patients with comorbidities and generated a surging demand for critical care equipment, vaccines, pharmaceuticals, and cutting-edge technol-ogies. Personal protective equipment, masks, ventilators, testing kits, and even commodities required for daily care have been scarce as lockdown and social distancing guidelines have kicked in. Amidst COVID-19, imple-menting and executing key processes of the healthcare supply chain (HSC) in a secured, trusted, effective, universally manageable, and the traceable way is perplexing owing to the fragile nature of the HSC, which is susceptible to redundant efforts and systemic risks that can lead to adverse impacts on consumer health and safety. Though the crisis shone a harsh light on the cracks and weaknesses of the HSC, it brings some significant insights into how HSC can be made more resilient and how healthcare industries figure out solutions to mitigate disruptions. While there are innumerable experiences learned from the disruption of this crisis, in this paper, five important areas to analyze the most vital and immediate HSC enhancements including building a resilient supply chain, thinking localization, implementing reliable reverse logistics, breaking down extant silos to achieve end -to-end visibility, and redesigning HSC using digitalization are emphasized. This work identifies important fea-tures related to CoT and HSC. Also, this study links these lessons to a potential solution through Chain of Things (CoT) technology. CoT technology provides a better way to monitor HSC products by integrating the Internet of Things (IoT) with blockchain networks. However, such an integrated solution should not only focus on the required features and aspects but also on the correlation among different features. The major objective of this study is to reveal the influence path of CoT on smart HSC development. Hence, this study exploits (i) fuzzy set theory to eliminate redundant and unrelated features; (ii) the Decision-Making and Experimental Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method to handle the intricate correlation among different features. This fuzzy-DEMATEL (F-DEMATEL) model attempts to direct CoT technology towards smart HSC by identifying the most influencing factors and investors are recommended to contribute to the development of application systems. This work also demonstrates how CoT can act a vital role in handling the HSC issues triggered by the pandemic now and in the post-COVID-19 world. Also, this work proposes different CoT design patterns for increasing oppor-tunities in the HSC network and applied them as imperative solutions for major challenges related to traditional HSC networks
CEBs with GRC: Fabrication, characterization, modeling, and correlation with microstructural fracture features
No full textIn this study, earth blocks (EB) and compressed earth blocks (CEB) are fabricated and investigated along with the development of a mathematical model of compressive and tensile loads. The investigated specimens are manufactured from a mixture of soil, ground recycled concrete (GRC) powder and water in weight fractions of 4:1:1. EBs are molded and CEBs are obtained by quasi-static compression in wet state. Material samples extracted from the blocks are tested in dry state for compressive strength and three-point flexural strength according to ASTM standards. The results indicate that CEB exhibits 130% higher compressive load capacity and 63% higher tensile strength compared to EB. Furthermore, the proposed and calibrated mathematical model is able to adequately describe the strength and damage behavior of both materials. Finally, microstructural/micromechanical interrelationships with the modeled material response are established based on a characterization of postmortem CEB samples using EDS elemental analysis and SEM micrographs techniques. © 2023 Elsevier LtdFondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico, FONDECYT, (1180414, EQM180111)Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Mammals’ sperm microbiome: current knowledge, challenges, and perspectives on metagenomics of seminal samples
No full textBacterial growth is highly detrimental to sperm quality and functionality. However, during the last few years, using sequencing techniques with a metagenomic approach, it has been possible to deepen the study of bacteria-sperm relationships and describe non-culturable species and synergistic and antagonistic relationships between the different species in mammalian animals. We compile the recent metagenomics studies performed on mammalian semen samples and provide updated evidence to understand the importance of the microbial communities in the results of sperm quality and sperm functionality of males, looking for future perspectives on how these technologies can collaborate in the development of andrological knowledge. Copyright © 2023 Contreras, Núñez-Montero, Bruna, Zárate, Pezo, García, Leal and Barrientos.Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad de La Frontera; Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico, FONDECYT, (DIM22-0001); Universidad de La Frontera, UFRO; Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo, ANIDUniversidad Autónoma de Chil
Alarming low physical activity levels in Chilean adults with disabilities during COVID-19 pandemic: a representative national survey analysis
No full textBackground: People with disabilities usually face barriers to regularly engaging in physical activities. Estimating physical activity patterns are necessary to elaborate policies and strategies to facilitate active lifestyles, considering the particular access difficulties experienced by this population. Purpose: This study aimed (i) to describe the prevalence of physical activity levels and (ii) to examine the associations of physical activity levels with socio-demographic variables and type of disability in the 2020 Chilean National Physical Activity and Sports Habits in Populations with Disabilities (CNPASHPwD) survey during the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods: Cross-sectional data from 3,150 adults (18–99 years old), 59.8% female, were analyzed from November to December 2020. Self-reported age, gender, type of disability (i.e., physical, visual, hearing, intellectual, or mixed), socio-economic status, area and zone of residence, and physical activity levels (0 min/week, < 150 min/week, ≥ 150 min/week) were obtained. Results: 11.9% of the participants were classified as active (≥ 150 min/week), and 62.6% declared no involvement in physical activity. A larger proportion of females (61.7%) did not meet the current guidelines (≥ 150 min/week of physical activity) in comparison with males (p < 0.001). Participants with visual and hearing disabilities were more likely to be active than those with other types of disabilities. Those living in the central and southern regions of Chile were more likely to be physically active than those from the northern region. Also, older participants, women, and those from lower socio-economic statuses were less likely to meet the physical activity guidelines. Conclusion: Alarmingly, nine out of ten participants were categorized as physically inactive, particularly women, older adults, and those with a low socioeconomic status. If the pandemic context moderated, the considerable prevalence of reduced physical activity levels deserves future exploration. Health promotion initiatives should consider these aspects, emphasizing inclusive environments and increasing opportunities to favor healthy behaviors, countering the COVID-19 effects. Copyright © 2023 Henríquez, Ramirez-Campillo, Cristi-Montero, Reina, Alvarez, Ferrari, Aguilar-Farias and Sadarangani.Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Dimensions That Influence the Creation of Brand Value of a Music Event and Its Influence on Attendee Satisfaction
No full textBackground: Music festivals are part of the cultural industry, and have become an ever-growing phenomenon. It is essential for organisers to identify whether the marketing strategies implemented are positive and effective in generating a competitive advantage. The aim of this study is to identify the elements that make up the brand equity of an emerging music festival, and to find out whether the overall brand equity determines the satisfaction and subsequent behaviours of festival-goers. Methods: Quantitative research was used by conducting an ad hoc structured survey during the development of a live music festival in May 2022. The questionnaire collects information about dimensions that make up the global brand value and how they influence satisfaction and behavioural intentions, consisting of a total of 33 indicators.; Results: Awareness, perceived quality, and loyalty are the most influential dimensions in shaping the brand of a festival. There is a correlation between the overall brand value and the satisfaction of the attendees, and that the latter influences the subsequent loyalty and recommendation of the event. Conclusions: The causal relationships between the dimensions of brand equity and overall brand equity are shown, where three of the four hypotheses are accepted. Similarly, the three hypotheses related to the influence of overall brand image and behavioural intentions are also accepted. © 2023 by the authors.Universidad Autónoma de Chil