Repositorio académico de acceso abierto (Univ. Autonóma de Chile)
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Healthy Habits, Physical Activity, Stress, and Food Consumption Trends in Chilean Adults with Irritable Bowel Syndrome during the COVID-19 Pandemic
No full textThe COVID-19 pandemic has increased stress levels in the population due to radical lifestyle changes caused by containment measures. Studies suggest that high levels of stress may be related to the development of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). This study aims to explain how quarantine habits and lifestyles acted as risk factors for the frequency of this syndrome during the COVID-19 pandemic. An observational study was conducted with 34 Chilean participants (average age 24.5 ± 3.85 years), of whom 21 (62%) were female. Surveys on consumption trends and lifestyles created by the authors were administered. Additionally, we used the global physical activity questionnaire (GPAQ) and the depression anxiety stress scales (DASS-21) to assess psychological stress and the Rome IV criteria to assess IBS. Significant differences were found between individuals with better healthy habits compared to those with poor healthy habits. The former showed lower sedentary activity (32%, p = 0.005), only 27% were fast eaters (vs. 44%, p = 0.001), had shorter nap intervals (14% vs. 28%, p = 0.03), and higher vegetable consumption (p = 0.02). There were 20 cases (59%) of IBS, with a strong association with the female sex (p = 0.004), where females were 15 times more likely to develop it compared to males (p = 0.008). Additionally, when alcohol consumption was added to females, there was a higher likelihood of developing this syndrome (p = 0.009), as individuals who consumed alcohol were 12 times more likely to develop it compared to those who did not (p = 0.02). Among other factors, it was observed that 57% of those with the syndrome consumed drinks more often (p = 0.02) but consumed fewer nuts (p = 0.009). In conclusion, IBS has a multifactorial etiology, and correcting individual habits such as alcohol consumption could potentially prevent or delay its development. Therefore, it is important to maintain healthy lifestyles, regardless of non-modifiable factors such as gender, in order to better cope with this syndrome. © 2024 by the authors
Problemas sobre legitimación activa en la reparación del daño por fallecimiento
No full textEl fallecimiento de una persona, en cuanto imputable a otra, genera responsabilidad. Sin embargo, ha sido objeto de debate doctrinal y jurisprudencial quién puede, en cada caso, reclamar la reparación derivada el perjuicio causado por tal fallecimiento. Se entremezclan a este respecto cuestiones que tienen que ver con la distinta terminología y planteamiento de las normas aplicables, según que haya o no responsabilidad civil derivada de delito; y también con la posible aplicación al caso del Derecho sucesorio. A continuación, se da cuenta de las soluciones jurisprudenciales y doctrinales sobre las cuestiones planteadas
Scapular Osteochondroma: An Infrequent Case
No full textOsteochondroma of the scapula is a rare benign tumor in view of its location, which produces pain and mechanical dysfunction of the joint when it is on the ventral surface of the scapula, mainly affecting men during bone growth periods, between the ages of 10 and 30, accounting for 14.4 % of all scapula tumors and 49 % of benign tumors of the scapula. They arise in the metaphyseal regions of the long bones (femur, humerus, tibia), causing mechanical irritation leading to functional impotence, bursitis, and fracture of the scapula. Few cases in flat bones have been described. Diagnosis is made with physical, clinical and complementary examinations, and must be confirmed by prior histopathology biopsy. The surgical indication includes mechanical dysfunction of a joint or tendon in relation to the size of the lesion, sarcomatous change being the procedure of choice in open surgical excision. The case of an 11-year-old girl who was diagnosed with a subscapular osteochondroma after previous excisional biopsy, is described below
EN BUSCA DE UNA NUEVA SINTAXIS POLÍTICA PARA LA RELACIÓN ESTADO-SOCIEDAD: LAS ENSEÑANZAS DEL PRESUPUESTO PARTICIPATIVO EN ARGENTINA Y MÉXICO
No full textA partir de un análisis documental, esta investigación destaca la filosofía y la metodología que sustentan el programa de presupuesto participativo, así como los logros alcanzados en la ciudad de Porto Alegre, Brasil. Asimismo y con base en cuatro ejes de estudio: 1. Participativo, 2. Territorial, 3. Normativo y 4. Financiero, se presenta el panorama general de la aplicación del presupuesto participativo en Argentina y México. Este artículo comprueba que la aplicación de este programa no ha alcanzado niveles de legitimidad y efectividad adecuados en estos países, debido a un insuficiente compromiso político que no permite, por ejemplo, que los recursos financieros asignados sean atractivos. Se constata, por lo tanto, que la democracia participativa sigue supeditada a la democracia representativa
Two Novel Alkaliphilic Species Isolated from Saline-Alkali Soil in China: Halalkalibacter flavus sp. nov., and Halalkalibacter lacteus sp. nov
No full textThe degradation of farmland in China underscores the need for developing and utilizing saline-alkali soil. Soil health relies on microbial activity, which aids in the restoration of the land’s ecosystem, and hence it is important to understand microbial diversity. In the present study, two Gram-stain-positive strains HR 1-10T and J-A-003T were isolated from saline-alkali soil. Preliminary analysis suggested that these strains could be a novel species. Therefore, the taxonomic positions of these strains were evaluated using polyphasic analysis. Phylogenetic and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that these strains should be assigned to the genus Halalkalibacter. Cell wall contained meso-2,6-diaminopimelic acid. The polar lipids present in both strains were diphosphatidyl-glycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, and an unidentified phospholipid. The major fatty acids (>10%) were anteiso-C15:0, C16:0 and iso-C15:0. Average nucleotide identity and digital DNA#x2013;DNA hybridization values were below the threshold values (95% and 70%, respectively) for species delineation. Based on the above results, the strains represent two novel species of the genus Halalkalibacter, for which the names Halalkalibacter flavus sp. nov., and Halalkalibacter lacteus sp. nov., are proposed. The type strains are HR 1-10T (=GDMCC 1.2946T = MCCC 1K08312T = JCM 36285T), and J-A-003T (=GDMCC 1.2949T = MCCC 1K08417T = JCM 36286T). © 2024 by the authors.Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region; Key Scientific and Technological Project of Heilongjiang Province, (2021ZXJ03B05)Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Differences in carotid to femoral pulse wave velocity and carotid intima media thickness between vegetarian and omnivorous diets in healthy subjects: a systematic review and meta-analysis (vol 15, pg 1135, 2024)
No full textCorrection for 'Differences in carotid to femoral pulse wave velocity and carotid intima media thickness between vegetarian and omnivorous diets in healthy subjects: a systematic review and meta-analysis' by Alicia Saz-Lara et al., Food Funct., 2024, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3FO05061K
Tragedia y farsa en la descentralización en México: la experiencia de treinta años desde la hacienda municipal.
No full textEl artículo realiza un análisis del comportamiento de la hacienda de los municipios de México, en el marco del proceso de descentralización instrumentado desde los ochenta, con el objetivo de verificar si éste proceso genuinamente amplió las capacidades de gestión pública de los gobiernos locales. Se postula que en realidad el proceso enmascara tragedia y farsa, pues a pesar de contar hoy los gobiernos municipales con una robusta hacienda, carecen de capacidades para incidir en las competencias concedidas. Los ingresos que atraviesan su hacienda se circunscriben a operar la política social federal bajo directrices federales. La autonomía para decidir el destino de la hacienda es prácticamente nula. La descentralización tiene un carácter espurio
Dilemas derivados del uso de sistemas autónomos de armas letales en el derecho internacional humanitario
No full textArtificial intelligence has been a technology that in the last decade has been used in the military field, giving rise to the so-called autonomous lethal weapon systems (LAWS) which have generated concern from the international law point of view due to their development and use in war conflicts. Objectives: the purpose of the research was to argue that the LAWS are not capable of strictly respecting the principle of distinction, precaution and proportionality, which allowed them to identify the legal dilemmas that this type of weapons will bring about. method: the research developed was qualitative of a legal documentary type and framed within the dogmatic method. Results: the use of SALW presents several obstacles that make it possible to argue that these autonomous weapons cannot strictly comply with the principles of international humanitarian law. In view of this non-compliance, it is necessary to address the complexities that this technology will pose in the future from a legal point of view. Conclusions: there are several legal dilemmas to be considered as this technology develops, centered on the development of regulatory frameworks applicable to LAWS and the incorporation of significant human control in the decision-making processes required for these autonomous weapons, which will provide a legal solution to the questions posed by the progressive technological development, without undermining innovation. © 2024, Simon Bolivar University (Barranquilla). All rights reserved.Universidad Autónoma de Chil
The strawberry transcription factor FaWRKY48 transactivates the FaNCED1 promoter as revealed by yeast-one hybrid and Nicotiana benthamiana transfection assays
No full textAbscisic acid (ABA) positively regulates strawberry fruit ripening. ABA accumulation is tightly linked with 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED) expression, a gene that encodes for a key enzyme in the ABA synthesis pathway. In turn, WRKY transcription factors have been reported as one of the activators of NCED transcription in Arabidopsis, but no information about the regulation of NCED expression in strawberry has been reported. Therefore, we analyzed the transcriptional profiles of three WRKY and NCED genes at different developmental stages of strawberry fruit. FaNCED1 and FaWRKY48 showed the highest gene expression according to the advance of ripening. WRKY-recognition cis-elements (W-box) were found in the FaNCED1 promoter sequence and the FaWRKY48 binding to the FaNCED1 promoter was demonstrated by yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) and in vivo transactivation assays. Agroinfiltration of Nicotiana benthamiana leaves with FaWRKY48 and FaNCED1 promoter constructs showed an increment in GUS activity, suggesting that FaWRKY48 could regulate FaNCED1 transcription. Our study is an approach to elucidate one of the molecular triggers of ABA biosynthesis in strawberry. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.National Research and Development Agency; Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo, ANID, (FONDECYT/Regular 1210941
Oxidative stress promotes cytotoxicity in human cancer cell lines exposed to Escallonia spp. extracts
No full textBackground: Standard cancer treatments show a lack of selectivity that has led to the search for new strategies against cancer. The selective elimination of cancer cells modulating the redox environment, known as “selective oxycution”, has emerged as a viable alternative. This research focuses on characterizing the unexplored Escallonia genus plant extracts and evaluating their potential effects on cancer’s redox balance, cytotoxicity, and activation of death pathways. Methods: 36 plant extracts were obtained from 4 different species of the Escallonia genus (E. illinita C. Presl, E. rubra (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers., E. revoluta (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers., and E. pulverulenta (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers.), which were posteriorly analyzed by their phytoconstituents, antioxidant capacity, and GC-MS. Further, redox balance assays (antioxidant enzymes, oxidative damage, and transcription factors) and cytotoxic effects (SRB, ∆Ψmt, and caspases actives) of those plant extracts were analyzed on four cell lines (HEK-293T, MCF-7, HT-29, and PC-3). Results: 36 plant extracts were obtained, and their phytoconstituents and antioxidant capacity were established. Further, only six extracts had EC50 values < 10 µg*mL− 1, indicating high toxicity against the tested cells. From those, two plant extracts were selective against different cancer cell lines: the hexane extract of E. pulverulenta´s stem was selective for HT-29, and the ethyl acetate extract of E. rubra´s stem was selective for PC-3. Both extracts showed unbalanced redox effects and promoted selective cell death. Conclusions: This is the first study proving “selective oxycution” induced by Chilean native plant extracts. © 2024, The Author(s).CIDI, (05/06); Centros de Investigación y Desarrollo, Universidad de Valparaíso, CID; Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico, FONDECYT, (1191763); Universidad de Valparaíso, UV, (CIDI (05/06)); Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, CINV, UVUniversidad Autónoma de Chil