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Determination of Micromovements in Removable Prosthesis during Mastication: A Pilot Study with 3D Electromagnetic Articulography
No full textEdentulism can generate negative impacts on self-esteem, interpersonal relationships, and oral functions. Removable prostheses are commonly used for tooth replacement, but they may cause discomfort due to micromovements during mastication. Objective and quantifiable methods are needed to evaluate these micromovements. A pilot study was conducted to determine the micromovements in removable prostheses during mastication using a 3D electromagnetic articulography (EMA-3D) system. One elderly participant wearing lower removable prostheses and an upper total well-fitting removable prosthesis was studied. The EMA-3D system was used to record movements in three spatial planes. Peanuts were given as test food, and the participant was instructed to chew normally while recordings were carried out until feeling the need to swallow. Analyses of the upper total prosthesis show micromovements ranging from 0.63 ± 0.11 to 1.02 ± 0.13 mm. During simultaneous analyses of the upper prosthesis and lower partial prosthesis, interference was not observed. This pilot study demonstrated the feasibility of using the EMA-3D system to evaluate micromovements in removable prostheses during mastication. Further research is needed to evaluate a larger sample and assess the clinical implications of these micromovements. © 2024 by the authors.Universidad de La Frontera, UFRO, (PAT22-0006)Universidad Autónoma de Chil
¿SOMOS MUCHO MÁS QUE DOS? EL PARTIDO DE LA CONCERTACIÓN Y LAS ELECCIONES DEPARTAMENTALES 2015
No full textEn este trabajo se analizan los desafíos y consecuencias que supuso la creación del Partido de la Concertación en Uruguay. El proceso de negociación y concreción del acuerdo entre Partido Colorado (PC) y el Partido Nacional (PN) les permitió aunar esfuerzos y disputar con cierta expectativa el gobierno departamental en 2015. Entre los factores que impulsaron esta estrategia se encuentran el resultado de 2010 que marcó un retroceso en la votación del Frente Amplio (FA), el sin parangón porcentaje de votos en blanco y anulados, así como la evaluación negativa de los montevideanos sobre la administración. Ante el desafío planteado por la Concertación, el FA habilitó competir con tres candidatos. El resultado, si bien no fue el esperado por sus impulsores, dejó algunas lecciones y varias preguntas
The labelling of ultra-processed foods, ‘ideological biases’ and ‘false consciousness’: a historical narrative of the experience in Colombia
No full textWhile COVID-19 attacked people with diabetes, hypertension, and obesity, among other non-communicable diseases, the former Colombian government was betting on implementing a value-added tax (VAT) on the cost of production for food for the family basket (Paladines and Castellanos, 2021a, 2021c, 2021d, 2021e). It was added to a scenario of institutional weakness, evidenced by a social context ruled by a legal architecture showing a lack of positive and structural impact in the protection of the right to health, safeguarding the sovereignty of the consumer, and in short, in satisfying the general interest of a population immersed in a background of false consciousness, scenarios of sub-optimal choice and the prevalence of ideological and cognitive bias. Moreover, this article proposes a historical account if we consider the recent changes in the Colombian normative-regulatory model in the labelling of ultra-processed foods before the approval of a new regulation and agenda in December 2022. © 2024 Inderscience Publishers. All rights reserved
EMPRESAS MUNICIPALES EN EL ORDENAMIENTO JURÍDICO NICARAGÜENSE: MARCO JURÍDICO, VIGENCIA Y VACÍOS
No full textUno de los temas hacia donde confluyen las más variadas concepciones terminológicas es el que versa sobre las entidades empresariales del dominio público que actúan bajo distintas formas jurídicas e intervienen económicamente en el mercado, participando directamente en el campo de la gestión económica. La legislación nicaragüense, realiza pequeñas referencias sobre la existencia de empresas públicas, sin embargo, es necesario examinar el ordenamiento jurídico sobre la base de los elementos que configuran la existencia y operatividad de las empresas públicas municipales en particular, desde su concepto hasta los elementos que sustentan al siempre vivo fenómeno empresarial en pro de realizar propuestas para una mejor regulación de los aspectos jurídico-formales de la gestión municipal de intereses económicos, razón de ser de este artículo de investigación
A description of risk associated with use of antipsychotics among community dwelling older adults: A descriptive cross-sectional study
No full textThe objective of this research was to analyze the risk of adverse effects in patients older than 65 years with dementia and in concomitant treatment with antidementia and antipsychotic drugs and who are cared for by community nurses. A retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out. A total of 332 patients who were cared for by primary care teams participated. Most of the patients were women, totally dependent for the basic activities of daily living and residing in the family home. They were polymedicated and there was poor therapeutic adherence. The risk of adverse effects was higher in polymedicated patients who had been taking antipsychotics for longer periods and in those who had a main caregiver. However, those patients who had been assessed by the community nurse were protected from suffering adverse effects. This study demonstrates how integrated and continuous nursing care can reduce adverse effects in this type of patient. © 2023 Elsevier Inc.Ministry of Health of the Regional Government of Andalusia, Spain, (AP-0232-2019); Fundación Pública Andaluza Progreso y Salud, FP
Ultra-Processed Food Consumption is Associated with Alcoholic Beverage Drinking, Tobacco Smoking, and Illicit Drug Use in Adolescents: A Nationwide Population-Based Study
No full textBackground: Although evidence suggests that ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption may trigger addictive behaviors, the association between UPF intake and psychoactive substances remains unclear among adolescents, a group especially vulnerable to addiction and its potentially harmful effects on health. Objective: To analyze the association between the consumption of UPF and alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drugs in adolescent students. Method: This cross-sectional study analyzed data from the National School-Based Health Survey (PeNSE 2019), which collected information from a representative population-based sample of students aged 13–17 years in Brazil. UPF consumption was self-reported in a 24-h recall. Lifetime and use of alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drugs in the last month were also reported. Multinomial logistic regression models estimated the relative risk ratios (RRR) (95% confidence intervals – CI) because the outcome variables comprised four categories representing varying frequencies of use of psychoactive substances. Results: The mean ± standard error number of different UPF consumed among the 95,074 adolescents included (52.3% girls) was 4.37 ± 0.02. The results from adjusted models revealed that, compared to those who reported low UPF consumption (1st tertile), those who consumed more UPF (3rd tertile) were more likely to report frequent (≥ 3 days in the last month) drinking of alcoholic beverages (RRR = 2.19; 95% CI: 1.87, 2.56), illicit drugs (RRR = 2.22; 95% CI: 1.87, 2.85) and occasional (one or two days in the last month) smoking (RRR = 1.30; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.60). Conclusions: UPF consumption was associated with alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug use in a national sample of Brazilian adolescents. © 2023, The Author(s).Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte, MECDUniversidad Autónoma de Chil
Palbociclib-Induced Cellular Senescence Is Modulated by the mTOR Complex 1 and Autophagy
No full textDespite not dividing, senescent cells acquire the ability to synthesize and secrete a plethora of bioactive molecules, a feature known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). In addition, senescent cells often upregulate autophagy, a catalytic process that improves cell viability in stress-challenged cells. Notably, this “senescence-related autophagy” can provide free amino acids for the activation of mTORC1 and the synthesis of SASP components. However, little is known about the functional status of mTORC1 in models of senescence induced by CDK4/6 inhibitors (e.g., Palbociclib), or the effects that the inhibition of mTORC1 or the combined inhibition of mTORC1 and autophagy have on senescence and the SASP. Herein, we examined the effects of mTORC1 inhibition, with or without concomitant autophagy inhibition, on Palbociclib-driven senescent AGS and MCF-7 cells. We also assessed the pro-tumorigenic effects of conditioned media from Palbociclib-driven senescent cells with the inhibition of mTORC1, or with the combined inhibition of mTORC1 and autophagy. We found that Palbociclib-driven senescent cells display a partially reduced activity of mTORC1 accompanied by increased levels of autophagy. Interestingly, further mTORC1 inhibition exacerbated the senescent phenotype, a phenomenon that was reversed upon autophagy inhibition. Finally, the SASP varied upon inhibiting mTORC1, or upon the combined inhibition of mTORC1 and autophagy, generating diverse responses in cell proliferation, invasion, and migration of non-senescent tumorigenic cells. Overall, variations in the SASP of Palbociclib-driven senescent cells with the concomitant inhibition of mTORC1 seem to depend on autophagy. © 2023 by the authors.Programa de Investigación Asociativa en Cáncer Gástrico; Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico, FONDECYT, (11201182); Universidad de Talca, UTALCAUniversidad Autónoma de Chil
What do we know about blood-testis barrier? current understanding of its structure and physiology
No full textBlood-testis barrier (BTB) creates a particular compartment in the seminiferous epithelium. Contacting Sertoli cell-Sertoli cell plasma membranes possess specialized junction proteins which present a complex dynamic of formation and dismantling. Thus, these specialized structures facilitate germ cell movement across the BTB. Junctions are constantly rearranged during spermatogenesis while the BTB preserves its barrier function. Imaging methods are essential to studying the dynamic of this sophisticated structure in order to understand its functional morphology. Isolated Sertoli cell cultures cannot represent the multiple interactions of the seminiferous epithelium and in situ studies became a fundamental approach to analyze BTB dynamics. In this review, we discuss the contributions of high-resolution microscopy studies to enlarge the body of morphofunctional data to understand the biology of the BTB as a dynamic structure. The first morphological evidence of the BTB was based on a fine structure of the junctions, which was resolved with Transmission Electron Microscopy. The use of conventional Fluorescent Light Microscopy to examine labelled molecules emerged as a fundamental technique for elucidating the precise protein localization at the BTB. Then laser-scanning confocal microscopy allowed the study of three-dimensional structures and complexes at the seminiferous epithelium. Several junction proteins, like the transmembrane, scaffold and signaling proteins, were identified in the testis using traditional animal models. BTB morphology was analyzed in different physiological conditions as the spermatocyte movement during meiosis, testis development, and seasonal spermatogenesis, but also structural elements, proteins, and BTB permeability were studied. Under pathological, pharmacological, or pollutant/toxic conditions, there are significant studies that provide high-resolution images which help to understand the dynamic of the BTB. Notwithstanding the advances, further research using new technologies is required to gain information on the BTB. Super-resolution light microscopy is needed to provide new research with high-quality images of targeted molecules at a nanometer-scale resolution. Finally, we highlight research areas that warrant future studies, pinpointing new microscopy approaches and helping to improve our ability to understand this barrier complexity. Copyright © 2023 Luaces, Toro-Urrego, Otero-Losada and Capani.Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICETUniversidad Autónoma de Chil
Methodological procedure based on quantitizing/liquefying: a case study to assess work climate in an emergency department
No full textIntroduction: In the assessment of health organizations, results-based indicators are mainly used, with no consideration of internal work dynamics. This type of assessment forfeits much of the rich, useful information needed to make decisions on improving the organization. In order to address this, a rigorous procedure based on mixed methods is laid out here on gathering, analyzing, and interpreting data associated with the implementation process. Methods: A 55-year-old doctor was selected at random from among the staff who volunteered to be interviewed at the emergency department at a public hospital located in southern Spain for an interview. Qualitative data obtained from the in-depth interview (indirect observation) were progressively systematized (liquefied and quantitized) based on a theoretical framework until a code matrix was obtained, without losing or distorting any information. Afterwards, data quality was controlled using Cohen’s kappa (κ) coefficient. A quantitative polar coordinate analysis was then carried out using the free software HOISAN (v. 1.6.3.3) to obtain robust results, vectorizing the relationships between codes and specifying whenever such relationships were statistically significant (and if they resulted in behavior activation or inhibition). Finally, a supplementary quantitative and qualitative assessment was carried out. Results and discussion: The proposed method was applied to the needs assessment of teams in order to evaluate that work climate in the hospital’s emergency department Health Services of a hospital. Data quality control yielded an adequate result (κ = 0.82). Significant activation and inhibition of behaviors occurred, both prospectively and retrospectively. For instance, We seek to understand the needs of our clients and We readily adapt to new circumstances showed a significant activation (vector length = 3.43, p < 0.01) both prospectively (Zsum = 0.48) and retrospectively (Zsum = 3.4). An adequate method to obtain detailed information about group dynamics in a work environment is presented, based on an in-depth interview. Practical applications for implementations to improve the functioning of organizations are presented. Copyright © 2023 Chacón-Moscoso, Anguera, Sanduvete-Chaves and Lozano-Lozano.Consejo Superior de Deporte; Ministerio de Cultura y Deporte, MCD; European Commission, EC; Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico, FONDECYT, (1190945); Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, MICINN, (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033); Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo, ANID, (2023, EXP_74847)Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Cancer risk factors and access to cancer prevention services for people experiencing homelessness: a scoping review protocol
No full textIntroduction Homelessness is a complex social issue that significantly impairs the health of those affected. People experiencing homelessness (PEH) have a higher prevalence of adverse health outcomes, including premature mortality, compared with the general population, with cancer being the second-leading cause of death. The objective of this scoping review is to map the evidence to assess the exposure of PEH to known cancer risk factors and identify barriers and facilitators PEH experience in accessing cancer prevention services. Methods and analysis This scoping review will be conducted in line with the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines for scoping reviews. For a time window from the date of database establishment until 20 February 2023, the research team will create a detailed search strategy and apply it to the following databases: CINAHL, Embase, Global Index Medicus, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. In addition, we will search OpenGrey and Google for grey literature and contact non-governmental organisations to request relevant reports. In the first stage, eligibility criteria will be assessed through a blinded title/abstract assessment, and following this assessment, a full-text screening will be performed. Subsequently, the research team will perform the data extraction and synthesise all relevant information in relation to the scoping review question. Ethics and dissemination As this protocol does not involve gathering primary data, ethical approval is not necessary. The results of this review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and on institutional websites. © 2023 BMJ Publishing Group. All rights reserved.Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, H2020, (965351)Universidad Autónoma de Chil