Repositorio académico de acceso abierto (Univ. Autonóma de Chile)
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La legitimación activa en el examen de admisibilidad en los procesos colectivos de consumidores
No full textNuestro trabajo aborda la institución de la legitimación activa en el examen de admisibilidad en los procesos colectivos de consumidores al amparo de la Ley Nº 19.496, vislumbrando los criterios que las Cortes han tenido para hacer dicho examen. El estudio incorpora doctrina nacional e internacional relativa a los procesos colectivos. Daremos especial énfasis a legitimación activa que la ley regula en los procesos colectivos, estudiando sus requisitos y efectos. Finalmente se harán ciertas reflexiones constitucionales relativas a los procesos colectivos, y particularmente respecto a la legitimación activa de la Ley Nº 19.496
Association of Sitting Time With All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality: How Does Frailty Modify This Association?
No full textTo investigate how frailty modifies the association of sitting time with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in Chilean adults. This prospective study included 2,604 participants aged ≥35 from the Chilean National Health Survey 2009–2010. Sitting time was self-reported, while frailty was assessed using a 36-item Frailty Index. Sitting time was categorized as low, medium, and high. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the risk of mortality stratified for the sitting time categories. Over a median follow-up of 8.9 years, 311 participants died, 28% of them due to cardiovascular events. Frail people with prolonged sitting time were at higher risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality (hazard ratio 3.13; 95% confidence interval [2.06, 4.71] and hazard ratio 2.41; 95% confidence interval [1.50, 3.64], respectively). The observed risk was higher in women than men. Public health and individual strategies should be implemented to decrease sitting time across the population, with special attention on frail people. © 2024 Human Kinetics Publishers Inc.. All rights reserved.Ministry of Health, MOH; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, U
Perspectivas históricas relacionadas a la inclusión de personas en situación de discapacidad en Educación Física escolar
No full textInclusion is a term that has been associated with various concepts and has been attributed different meanings over time. This polysemic characteristic is related to diversities such as gender, ethnicity, religion, among others. This study focuses on disability and specific attention needs towards school Physical Education. The objective focuses on analyzing the historical journey of the concept of inclusion of students with disabilities in Physical Education through the narrative review of various documents, considering the main perspectives related to people with disabilities in the educational context. It begins with a historical overview of the concept of inclusion, to continue with the review of perspectives associated with it, emphasizing the medical and social approaches and their evolution; to finally, present the reflections and conclusions regarding disability and its connection with school physical education, highlighting the relevance of conceptual precision, together with both medical and social perspectives, which have marked guidelines within the process, especially this last, which breaks down the barriers raised and moves towards the search for Quality Physical Education, where inclusion is an essential requirement. © 2024 Federacion Espanola de Docentes de Educacion Fisica. All rights reserved.Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Diferencias en ansiedad ante los exámenes en función de los niveles de autoestima en estudiantes de Educación Primaria
No full textAlthough test anxiety has traditionally been present in middle and higher academic stages, a significant increase in this phenomenon has been observed in the population of Primary Education students. The significant physical, psychological and academic consequences that test anxiety can have on the school population have led to a growing interest in identifying personal factors that could reduce the likelihood of these disease states occurring. Along these lines, the present study analyzed the existence of significant differences in students' test anxiety according to their level of self-esteem. 326 students from the fourth, fifth and sixth grades of Primary Education participated in the research. Self-esteem levels were determined based on the 33rd and 66th percentiles. Differences in test anxiety were estimated using an ANOVA. Significantly lower levels of test anxiety were found the higher the students' self-esteem, and vice versa. The differences between the three self-esteem groups were statistically significant. These findings seem to suggest that high self-esteem can constitute a psychological protection resource against test anxiety in the Primary Education stage.Si bien la ansiedad ante los exámenes ha estado tradicionalmente presente en etapas académicas medias y superiores, se ha constatado un significativo incremento de este fenómeno en la población de estudiantes de Educación Primaria. Las importantes repercusiones físicas, psicológicas y académicas que puede conllevar la ansiedad ante los exámenes en la población escolar han suscitado un creciente interés por identificar los factores personales que podrían reducir la probabilidad de aparición de estos estados patológicos. En esta línea, en el presente estudio se analizó la existencia de diferencias significativas en el grado de ansiedad ante los exámenes experimentada por el estudiantado en función de su nivel de autoestima. Participaron en la investigación 326 estudiantes de cuarto, quinto y sexto curso de Educación Primaria. Los niveles de autoestima se determinaron con base en los percentiles 33 y 66. Las diferencias en ansiedad ante los exámenes se estimaron mediante un ANOVA. Se encontraron niveles significativamente más bajos de ansiedad ante los exámenes cuanto mayor es la autoestima del estudiantado, y viceversa. Las diferencias entre los tres grupos de autoestima fueron estadísticamente significativas. Estos hallazgos parecen apuntar a que la alta autoestima puede constituir un recurso psicológico de protección frente a la ansiedad ante los exámenes en la etapa de Educación Primaria
Adsorption of a Ni single atom catalyst on a pristine nanographene (coronene) and H-H activation. A theoretical study of Ni-SAC
No full textA computational study of a Ni atom in a coronene (Cor) molecule, as a model of a single-atom catalyst (SAC), was carried out using a DFT approach. The adsorption energy results of Ni on Cor (2.31–1.84 eV) are similar to those reported for extended graphene. Ni-Cor adsorption is preferred at edge sites and electron transfer from Ni to Cor occurs. H2 adsorbs on Ni-Cor with 1.03–1.24 eV. Correlations were obtained between the H2 adsorption energies and some properties of Ni-Cor. The results suggest that Ni-Cor could be used for hydrogen storage and also for catalytic hydrogenation of hydrocarbons. © 202
High workload is related to lower quality of life in public school teachers: A cross-sectional study
No full textBACKGROUND: People with long work hours, as evidenced by teachers, were more likely to present health problems that impact their quality of life (QoL). The reduced physical activity (PA) level or higher sedentary behavior in public school teachers was related to obesity. Although PA seems to improve the QoL in other professions, assessing whether the PA level could influence the relationship between workload and QoL in public school teachers is necessary. OBJECTIVE: To analyze whether the high workload was related to worse QoL in teachers considered less active and more active. METHODS: Two hundred forty-three teachers from public schools participated in this study. The domains of QoL and PA levels were assessed by SF-36 and Baecke questionnaires, respectively. Workload perception was assessed by a Likert scale. Binary logistic regression analyzed the association between high workload and QoL domains in teachers considering the PA level in a model adjusted by confounding factors (i.e., sex, age, and socioeconomic condition). RESULTS: Heavy workload was associated with less chances of having better physical limitation domain of both less and more physically active teachers. Less active teachers with heavy workloads were 53%, 61%, and 56% less likely to have better vitality, social functioning, and mental health, respectively. No such associations were observed in the more physically active teachers. CONCLUSION: Less active teachers with a heavy workload demonstrate lower QoL. Although the PA practice eliminated this relationship, both active and less active teachers with a heavy workload demonstrated lower QoL in physical limitation domain. © 2024 - IOS Press. All rights reserved.Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, CAPES; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPq, (305886/2022-3); Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNP
Preserving Dental Alveolus Using Allograft
No full textThe loss of alveolar bone volume is a physiological consequence of tooth loss, which if not done carefully preserved and becomes a significant functional and aesthetic risk for the installation of osseointegrated dental implants. The dimensional differences of the alveolar ridge can be attenuated with different graft materials and surgical procedures. The presentation of this case illustrates one of the various surgical techniques to reduce bone resorption and maintain the volume of tissue to be rehabilitated in a more predictable manner and reducing problems in the future, thus increasing the chances of successful rehabilitation osseointegrated dental implant
Sentencia T-209 de 2019 de la Corte Constitucional colombiana: la garantía del derecho a la educación en el caso «río con caimanes». Análisis de las técnicas de decisión
No full textLa Corte Constitucional colombiana en la sentencia T-209 de 2019, determina la vulneración del derecho a la educación de estudiantes que debían atravesar un rio con caimanes y asistir a una escuela sin servicios de agua y electricidad. La Corte utiliza como fundamento de la violación, la vulneración de los componentes de accesibilidad material y disponibilidad de la educación, de acuerdo con la Observación General No. 13 del Comité de Derechos Económicos, Sociales y Culturales de las Naciones Unidas en lo que se considera una manifestación de la técnica del «bloque de constitucionalidad».
A su vez, para establecer las actuaciones a adelantarse por parte de las autoridades involucradas en la vulneración del derecho, la Corte hace uso de técnica de la «interacción significativa», a partir de la cual los distintos actores involucrados dialogan a fin de establecer las medidas más apropiadas para llegar a la satisfacción del derecho. Por su parte, la Corte Constitucional se encarga de controlar la plausbilidad de los acuerdos propuestos, garantizando la protección de los derechos, la separación de poderes y la sostenibilidad y legalidad del gasto público.
 
Valp1, a Newly Identified Temperate Phage Facilitating Coexistence of Lysogenic and Non-Lysogenic Populations of Vibrio anguillarum
No full textVibrio anguillarum is a pathogen for several fish and shellfish species. Its ecology is influenced by diverse factors, including bacteriophages. Here, we identify and characterize a new temperate bacteriophage (Valp1) of V. anguillarum. Valp1 is a myovirus with a 60 nm head and a 90 nm contractile tail. Its double-stranded DNA genome of 42,988 bp contains 68 genes, including a protelomerase gene, typical of telomeric phages. Valp1 inhibits the growth of the virulent strain of V. anguillarum PF4, while the derived lysogenic strain P1.1 presents a slight reduction in its growth but is not affected by the presence of Valp1. Both strains present similar virulence in a larval zebrafish (Danio rerio) model, and only slight differences have been observed in their biochemical profile. Co-culture assays reveal that PF4 and P1.1 can coexist for 10 h in the presence of naturally induced Valp1, with the proportion of PF4 ranging between 28% and 1.6%. By the end of the assay, the phage reached a concentration of ~108 PFU/mL, and all the non-lysogenic PF4 strains were resistant to Valp1. This equilibrium was maintained even after five successive subcultures, suggesting the existence of a coexistence mechanism between the lysogenic and non-lysogenic populations of V. anguillarum in conjunction with the phage Valp1. © 2024 by the authors.ANID FONDECYT, (1200521); Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico, FONDECYT, (1181499, DI-02-22); Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico, FONDECYTUniversidad Autónoma de Chil
Enhancing cybersecurity capability investments: Evidence from an experiment
No full textIn recent years, investments in cybersecurity capabilities (CC) have emerged as an essential practice in reducing cyberattacks and optimizing the usage of technologies. Therefore, optimal investments in capabilities must be determined according to the cybersecurity scenario of firms. This experiment pursues an understanding of the effectiveness of the iterative learning process in investments in CC. Through a simulator game, experienced and inexperienced participants overcome challenges related to uncertainties of cyber incidents to decision-making in cybersecurity capability investments. The collected data were empirically tested from 119 participants analyzing 3,808 simulation runs. The findings demonstrated that there is a slight difference in the learning curve between the two groups even if they learn proactively and iteratively. However, experienced, and inexperienced groups did not demonstrate enough capacity to analyze the cybersecurity ecosystems designed in the simulator game to mitigate cyber incidents. Both groups exhibited similar results regarding gaps to invest in CC to address uncertainties associated with cyber threats. In this sense, this experiment highlights the relevance of learning about CC investments in any context to avoid resource losses and time to uncover the complexities related to incident responses. © 2023 Elsevier LtdCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, CAPES, (001