Repositorio académico de acceso abierto (Univ. Autonóma de Chile)
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Experiences of male irregular migrants during their migration process and reception in Spain: lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic
No full textBackground: The causes behind migration movements are complex. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted how several countries failed to respond to the virus adequately, while simultaneously infringing on people’s rights. Male irregular migrants fled their countries of origin and embarked on a perilous migration journey to Spain. The highly restrictive COVID-19 measures and border closures affected the mobility of male irregular migrants, whose reception in the host country posed a challenge. It led to the establishment of emergency facilities to accommodate male irregular migrants affected by COVID-19, which had repercussions on their mental health. The aim of this study was to describe and understand the experiences of male irregular migrants throughout their migration process and reception in Spain during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Qualitative descriptive study. Sixteen male irregular migrants participated in this study. Data were collected between January and March 2023 through 16 one-on-one in-depth interviews. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data using ATLAS.ti computer software. Results: Three main themes emerged: (1) How the COVID-19 pandemic drove male irregular migrants to leave their countries of origin, (2) How COVID-19 lockdown policies affected the migration journey, and (3) Receiving male irregular migrants in a pandemic: a housing labyrinth marked by isolation and loneliness. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic increased the social, employment and health inequalities experienced by male irregular migrants. Border closures exacerbated the migration journey and the social stigmatization of this group, who were seen as carriers of the virus in both transit and host countries. Strict control measures in emergency and reception facilities had a significant psychological impact on the male irregular migrants due to the social isolation they experienced. Health institutions should develop programs to guarantee the care needs of irregular migrants. Copyright © 2024 García-López, Jiménez-Lasserrotte, Briones-Vozmediano, Ruiz-Fernández, Hernández-Padilla and Granero-Molina.Spanish General Nursing Council, (PNI_CGE88); University of Almeria, (CTS-451)Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Parent-child associations of sleep quality: is physical activity a confounder? The EPI-FAMILY health study
No full textIntroduction: The incidence of sleep deprivation has increased in pediatric populations, however, the relationship with physical activity (PA) remains uncertain and lacks evidence. Although some studies have shown that parents' lifestyle habits can influence this process, one point that requires further clarification in the literature is whether parents' sleep quality is linked to that of their children and whether parents' physical activity could play an important role in these possible relationships. Objectives: To investigate the relationship of sleep quality between parents and children and verify the role of physical activity in this association. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. Sleep quality was assessed using the Mini Sleep Questionnaire. The amount of sleep was estimated by the number of hours slept. PA domains (occupational activities, leisure, and active commuting) were assessed using the Baecke questionnaire, while moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) was assessed with an accelerometer. Socioeconomic status was obtained through a questionnaire. The relationship of sleep quality between parents and children was carried out using hierarchical models with Binary Logistic Regression, where the factors were inserted one by one (1. unadjusted model; 2. sociodemographic variables; 3. children's PA; 4. parents’ PA). Results: The study sample consisted of 102 children and adolescents (6–17 years), 92 mothers, and 69 fathers. Poor sleep quality of mothers was associated with their children's sleep quality (OR = 3.95; 95%CI = 1.33–11.38; P = 0.013). After inserting mothers' PA intensity into the final model, the associations remained significant (OR = 8.05; 1.33–48.59; P = 0.023). No relationship was observed between poor sleep quality of fathers and their children's sleep quality. Conclusion: The relationship between poor sleep quality of mothers and that of their children remained significant, regardless of confounding variables. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, FAPESP, (2022/16,437-8); Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, FAPESP; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPq, (305886/2022-3); Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPq; Associação Fundo de Incentivo à Pesquisa, AFI
DESCENTRALIZACIÓN TRIBUTARIA. EL USO DE LA TÉCNICA JURÍDICA DEL IMPUESTO CEDIDO ESPAÑOL, COMO MEDIO DE VIGORIZACIÓN FINANCIERA DEL MUNICIPIO MEXICANO.
No full textEl poder tributario, es un poder público de carácter trascendental para las finanzas de los ámbitos de gobierno de cualquier Estado, ya que permite transformar la riqueza privada en ingreso público, para posteriormente dirigirla a la subvención de las actividades públicas que dan cumplimiento a los fines que sustentan su existencia y la del Estado mismo. Partiendo de lo anterior, lo que este trabajo académico examina, es la situación actual del poder tributario local mexicano en la competencia tributaria compartida, el cual parte de un análisis del marco normativo y doctrinal mexicano, en comparación con la legislación y la doctrina española. Lo anterior tiene como finalidad, encontrar propuestas que permitan fortalecer a las herramientas jurídico-públicos que tienen la capacidad de generarle mayores recursos económicos al municipio, en aras de revertir la dependencia y la recurrente carencia económica que no les permite desarrollar eficazmente su gestión gubernamental
Global panel data on World governance and state fragility from 2006 to 2022
No full textThis global panel dataset contains information collected from two different sources (The Fund for Peace and World Bank), on the governance and stability levels of 178 countries between 2006 and 2022. The dataset includes information on 1) Cohesion (security apparatus (C1), factionalized elites (C2), and group grievance (C3)), 2) Economic (economy (E1), economic inequality (E2), and human flight and brain drain (E3)), 3) Political (state legitimacy (P1), public services (P2), and human rights (P3)) indicators, 4) Social and cross-cutting (demographic pressures (S1), refugees and internally displaced persons (S2), and external intervention (X1)), and 5) Governance (voice and accountability (G1), political stability and absence of violence/terrorism (G2), government effectiveness (G3), regulatory quality (G4), rule of law (G5), and control of corruption (G6)). Data analysis was carried out using SPSS version 29 software to ensure a complete description of the data (labels, type and measure of variables, and uniformity of decimals), as well as the imputation possibility of missing data, which will allow future researchers to study both cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between the five types of indicators and the eighteen indicators reported. © 2024Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, UAdeC, (456001); Universidad de Las Américas Chile, UDLA; Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, UCSC, (APC2024); Universidad Arturo Prat, UNAPUniversidad Autónoma de Chil
Selenium Compounds Affect Differently the Cytoplasmic Thiol/Disulfide State in Dermic Fibroblasts and Improve Cell Migration by Interacting with the Extracellular Matrix
No full textDeficient wound healing is frequently observed in patients diagnosed with diabetes, a clinical complication that compromises mobility and leads to limb amputation, decreasing patient autonomy and family lifestyle. Fibroblasts are crucial for secreting the extracellular matrix (ECM) to pave the wound site for endothelial and keratinocyte regeneration. The biosynthetic pathways involved in collagen production and crosslinking are intimately related to fibroblast redox homeostasis. In this study, two sets of human dermic fibroblasts were cultured in normal (5 mM) and high (25 mM)-glucose conditions in the presence of 1 µM selenium, as sodium selenite (inorganic) and the two selenium amino acids (organic), Se-cysteine and Se-methionine, for ten days. We investigated the ultrastructural changes in the secreted ECM induced by these conditions using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, we evaluated the redox impact of these three compounds by measuring the basal state and real-time responses of the thiol-based HyPer biosensor expressed in the cytoplasm of these fibroblasts. Our results indicate that selenium compound supplementation pushed the redox equilibrium towards a more oxidative tone in both sets of fibroblasts, and this effect was independent of the type of selenium. The kinetic analysis of biosensor responses allowed us to identify Se-cysteine as the only compound that simultaneously improved the sensitivity to oxidative stimuli and augmented the disulfide bond reduction rate in high-glucose-cultured fibroblasts. The redox response profiles showed no clear association with the ultrastructural changes observed in matrix fibers secreted by selenium-treated fibroblasts. However, we found that selenium supplementation improved the ECM secreted by high-glucose-cultured fibroblasts according to endothelial migration assessed with a wound healing assay. Direct application of sodium selenite and Se-cysteine on purified collagen fibers subjected to glycation also improved cellular migration, suggesting that these selenium compounds avoid the undesired effect of glycation. © 2024 by the authors.National Research and Development Agency of Chile; Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo, ANID, (FONDECYT-1212026, FONDEF-IT18I0021, PhD fellowship-2118077)Universidad Autónoma de Chil
The childbearing and mental health experiences of autistic mothers: a systematic review
No full textIt is recognized that diagnostic rates of autism in women is increasing and with this, areas such as pregnancy and childbearing need to be viewed through a neurodivergent lense. As autistic women have children and take on the challenges of motherhood, systematic reviews are needed to provide an orderly and up-to-date base highlighting the existing research gaps. This study aims to identify and analyze research that has addressed the childbearing experiences and mental health of autistic mothers, delineate trends in research, and identify areas for future studies. The protocol of this systematic review was registered in the international database of systematic reviews PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42022368244). In this work, the guidelines of standards for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) were followed at all stages. The review identified 15 studies that explored the childbearing experiences and mental health of autistic mothers. Results indicate that autistic mothers are more likely to experience parenting difficulties, intense sensory experiences during prenatal, perinatal and postnatal periods, and mental health problems. However, there are studies that highlight that autistic mothers can receive the same social support and experience marital satisfaction. The findings of this review suggest that, to improve our understanding of the childbearing and mental health experiences of autistic mothers, studies should include multiple informants and mixed methodologies. Additionally training programs need to be co-produced to raise awareness in health care personnel. © 2024 The British Society of Developmental Disabilities
Evaluación de factores demográficos, radiológicos e intraoperatorios para la evaluación del dolor postoperatorio y las complicaciones en la extracción quirúrgica del tercer molar mandibular impactado: un estudio prospectivo
No full textThird molars usually erupt within the age of 17 – 21years. Usually, due to the evolution of human jaws, the size is decreasing leading to the impacted tooth. An impacted tooth may lead to external resorption of the adjacent tooth, trismus, infection, etc. Many studies have been reported in the literature for evaluating the surgical difficulty and postoperative complications secondary to impacted third molars. This study includes a sample of 100 subjects evaluated for the surgical difficulty and postoperative complications. Various demographic, radiological, and intraoperative factors were evaluated which may lead to postoperative complications. Factors responsible for postoperative sequelae were also evaluated with complications. Postoperative pain after 4 hours and 7 days was assessed to mark the factors commonly responsible. Pain at 7th postoperative day was significant involving factors like fully impacted, horizontal impaction, level C, no/very little retromolar space, and root contact. Postoperative complications were not reported in this study.
Los terceros molares suelen erupcionar entre los 17 y los 21 años de edad. Por lo general, debido a la evolución de las mandíbulas humanas, el tamaño disminuye, lo que conduce al diente impactado. Un diente impactado puede conducir a la reabsorción externa del diente adyacente, trismo, infección, etc. Se han reportado muchos estudios en la literatura para evaluar la dificultad quirúrgica y las complicaciones postoperatorias secundarias a terceros molares impactados. Este estudio incluye una muestra de 100 sujetos evaluados por la dificultad quirúrgica y las complicaciones postoperatorias. Se evaluaron diversos factores demográficos, radiológicos e intraoperatorios que pueden conducir a complicaciones postoperatorias. También se evaluaron los factores responsables de las secuelas postoperatorias con las complicaciones. Se evaluó el dolor postoperatorio después de 4 horas y 7 días para marcar los factores comúnmente responsables. El dolor al séptimo día postoperatorio fue significativo e involucró factores como impacto total, impactación horizontal, nivel C, espacio retromolar nulo o muy pequeño y contacto con la raíz. En este estudio no se informaron complicaciones posoperatorias
Oral Rehabilitation with Dental Implants in Patients with Sjögren's Syndrome
No full textSjögren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by a chronic inflammatory process of the exocrine glands, whose phenotypic expression is keratoconjunctivitis sicca and xerostomia, which entails the development of caries, periodontal disease and bacterial and fungal infections. These patients are at high risk cariogenic, being of great interest and concern in dental practice, where treatment is mainly symptomatic. The present case is a patient of 65 years of age diagnosed with SS 8 years; which has multiple cavities and root fragments in mandibular teeth and jaws, which radiographic examinations and doctors indicated, multiple extractions are performed in lower sector and in the same operation five implants are installed, three months are expected to allow osseointegration to further rehabilitate a prosthesis implants ad modum type on stilts and in the upper section will be rehabilitated with wax composites prior diagnosis and test mock up to reach the occlusal plane and recover functionality and aesthetic
A review on metallic carbides/phosphides embedded in N-doped porous carbon as highly efficiency electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reactions in alkaline medium
No full textThe designing of electrocatalyst to perform hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline medium is presently a demanding pathway for sustainable production of hydrogen (H2) which can be generated from alkaline water electrolysis used in industries. Although a large number of electrocatalyst reported in literature have the tendency to exhibit superior HER performance in acidic medium, but the vaporization of acid electrolyte causes corrosion of the cell and resulted in contamination during the H2 production. The involvement of additional step during water dissociation process (volmer step) in alkaline medium could cause serious sluggish electrode kinetics and thus a hunt of new type of heterostructured electrocatalyst (to indue strong synergetic effect of the heterointerfaces) to outperform noble precious metals are under exploration. The development of earth abundant transition metal carbides/phosphides have been emerging recently because of their electronic structure/configuration are similar to that of platinum (Pt), leading to enhance the elecrocatalytic performance. A variety of metallic carbides/phosphides incorporated on porous materials are studied by researchers are faced difficulty in integration of single nanostructure unit to achieve HER activity in alkaline medium as same as that in acidic medium. The present review aims to provide comprehensive of heterostructured carbides/phosphides supported on N-doped porous carbon (NPC) for electrocatalytic efficiency for HER. We also discussed the influencing role of structure, codopants, and the porosity for lowering overpotentials. Finally, the challenges and the future goals for designing efficient electrocatalyst to provide promising HER for large scale applications are highlighted. © 2023 Hydrogen Energy Publications LL
Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Governance in Chile
No full text[No abstract available