Repositorio académico de acceso abierto (Univ. Autonóma de Chile)
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Translation and validation into Spanish of the oral health self-efficacy scale in Chilean older adults
No full textBackground: Population ageing poses a challenge to improving the well-being of older adults, particularly in terms of oral health. Promoting self-efficacy in oral health behaviours is crucial for maintaining this population’s health and quality of life. The Oral Health Self-Efficacy Scale (OHSES) has been widely used to assess dental self-efficacy and is considered comprehensive and reliable. However, there is a need to validate OHSES for Spanish-speaking older adults. This study aimed to assess the reliability and validity of the translated questionnaire for use in the older Chilean population. Methods: A sample of 188 older adults, aged 60 years and above residing independently in the community, were recruited by accessing databases from the National Senior Citizen Service and various community organisations within the region of La Araucanía. The participants underwent comprehensive oral examinations and oral health interviews, focusing on variables such as OHSES, Oral health-related quality of life (OHIP-14Sp), assessment of remaining teeth, knowledge and attitudes toward oral health, and sociodemographic characteristics. The validity of the translated questionnaire was assessed through translation and cross-cultural adaptation, cognitive debriefing, and face and content validation. The psychometric properties of the questionnaire were evaluated through measures of internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha), content validity (Content validity index), construct validity (factor analysis and Pearson correlation analysis), and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation). Results: The Spanish version of OHSES demonstrated adequate face and content validity. The confirmatory factor analysis confirmed a two-factor scale with 7 items for a better fit. The scale demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.821) and acceptable test–retest reliability (ICC = 0.411). Correlations were found between the OHSES score, the number of remaining teeth, knowledge and attitudes towards oral health, and the OHIP-14Sp (p < 0.01). Conclusions: This study confirms the validity of the Spanish version of the Oral Health Self-Efficacy Scale for older adults in Chile. The scale is expected to be helpful in assessing self-efficacy in dental interventions and collecting data for international comparisons. This research opens new dimensions in patient-reported assessment of oral health. © 2024, The Author(s).CRUCH; Council of Rectors of Chilean Universities; Elderly in La Araucanía region, (472); School of Dentistry at Universidad de La Frontera; Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, CONICYT; Universidad de La Frontera, UFROUniversidad Autónoma de Chil
Clinical and Surgical Implications of the Radial Artery High Origin
No full textThe upper limb arterial variations are justified by the embryological origin of all the limb. The birth of the radial artery above the joint line of the elbow is one of the most frequent anomalies and its importance is increasing in percutaneous procedures on the radial artery, in coronary catheterizations and the increasingly used of the ra- dial flap in reconstructive surgery. Its superficial way favors injuries and the possibility of confusion with veins that can cause accidental drug performing injections in these arteries with serious consequences. Knowledge of arterial variations of the upper limb, especially the radial artery presented in this research, is essential when planning clinical and surgical approaches that involves them
Assessing the metabolism, phylogenomic, and taxonomic classification of the halophilic genus Halarchaeum
No full textIn this study, a genomic approach was employed to evaluate the metabolic potentials and taxonomic classification of the halophilic genus Halarchaeum. Genomic analysis revealed that Halarchaeum members exhibit a predilection for amino acids as their primary energy source in high-salinity environments over carbohydrates. Genome analysis unveiled the presence of crucial genes associated with metabolic pathways, including the Embden–Meyerhof pathway, semi-phosphorylative Entner–Doudoroff pathway, and the urea cycle. Furthermore, the genomic analysis indicated that Halarchaeum members employ diverse mechanisms for osmotic regulation (encompassing both salt-in and salt-out strategies). Halarchaeum members also encode genes to alleviate acid and heat stress. The average nucleotide identity value between Halarchaeum solikamskense and Halarchaeum nitratireducens exceeded the established threshold (95%–96%) for defining distinct species. This high similarity suggests a close relationship between these two species, prompting the proposal to reclassify Halarchaeum solikamskense as a heterotypic synonym of Halarchaeum nitratireducens. The results of this study contribute to our knowledge of taxonomic classification and shed light on the adaptive strategies employed by Halarchaeum species in their specific ecological niches. © The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of FEMS. All rights reserved.Key Scientific and Technological Project of Heilongjiang Province of China, (2021ZXJ03B05); Leibniz Institute DSMZ; National Science and Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Program of China, (2021FY100900); US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute; Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region; Northern Borders University, (NBU-FFR-2024–2046-01); Northern Borders University; Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, HAAS, (CX23GG10); Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, HAA
Effectiveness of assisted standing on bone mineral density in children with cerebral palsy. A systematic review
No full textCerebral palsy is associated with complications such as low bone mineral density, which is more severe in patients with greater motor involvement. Assisted standing helps to prevent or delay this complication; however, its effect is controversial because the type of stander, the type of standing (dynamic or static), and its dosage are not clear. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of assisted standing on bone mineral density in children with cerebral palsy. A systematic review was carried out in compliance with the PRISMA guidelines, using 5 databases. The results were presented using tables, a risk of bias analysis, and a narrative synthesis. Four studies met the inclusion criteria. Assisted standing generates positive changes in bone mineral density, but further research is required, with studies that have greater methodological rigor, longer follow-up periods, and a larger number of patients. © 2024 Sociedad Argentina de Pediatria. All rights reserved.Agenția Națională pentru Cercetare și Dezvoltare, ANCD; Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo, ANID, (22220288); Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo, ANIDUniversidad Autónoma de Chil
Higher adherence to the Mediterranean Diet is associated with better academic achievement in Spanish university students: A multicenter cross-sectional study
No full textThe objective was to assess the association of the overall score and different items of the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) questionnaire with academic achievement in Spanish university students. We hypothesized that university students with greater adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) would have better academic achievement. A cross-sectional study was performed involving 266 first-year students from the University of Castilla-La Mancha, Spain, during the 2017–2018 academic year. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was evaluated with the 14-item MEDAS questionnaire. As an indicator variable for academic achievement, the average marks of the examinations required for access to Spanish universities were used. A total of 63 participants (23.6%) adhered to MedDiet recommendations. Analysis of covariance models showed that participants with higher adherence to the MedDiet had significantly higher scores on academic achievement than their peers with low adherence (P < .001) after controlling for potential confounders. Additionally, the evaluation of each item of the MEDAS questionnaire showed that a diet rich in olive oil, vegetables, fruits, legumes, fish and shellfish, and a low consumption of sweets and carbonated beverages were positively associated with academic achievement; nevertheless, wine intake was inversely associated. This study showed that Spanish university students had a low prevalence of good adherence to the MedDiet. Additionally, our results suggested that higher adherence to the MedDiet is associated with better academic achievement in Spanish university students. From a public health perspective and because of low adherence, it is important to continue to focus on promoting adherence to the MedDiet as part of a healthy lifestyle pattern to improve the academic performance of young university students. © 2024 The Author(s)Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ISCIII; European Commission, EC; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, MINECO, (RD21/0016/0025); Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, MINECO; Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte, MECD, (FPU 19/00167, RD12/0005/0009); Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte, MECDUniversidad Autónoma de Chil
Analysis of the dimensional structure of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) in undergraduate students at a public university in Brazil
No full textBackground: The prevalence of mental health-related problems has increased in recent years, especially among young adults, such as university students. Several measurement instruments have been developed to identify individuals at risk for depression, such as the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). However, different dimensional structures of the PHQ-9 can make it difficult to interpret and compare research results. To analyze the dimensional structure and convergent validity of the PHQ-9 in university students. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study developed with 3163 students enrolled in different courses at a university in southern Brazil. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were performed to identify the most parsimonious and best-fitting model. Convergent validity was verified through the significant relationship (p < 0.05) between theoretically related constructs (sleep quality, alcohol consumption, and physical activity practice). Results: The EFA resulted in two models (unidimensional and two-dimensional), with better indices for the two-dimensional model. In the CFA, both the unidimensional and the two-dimensional models presented satisfactory fit indices that were higher for the unidimensional model. Limitations: The analysis of convergent validity is limited by the absence of a gold standard for comparison. Conclusions: This study provided support for the unidimensional structure of the PHQ-9, with adequate convergent validity, among university students. © 2024University of East London, UE
Presence of Zonula Occludens Toxin-Coding Genes among Vibrio parahaemolyticus Isolates of Clinical and Environmental Origin
No full textIn recent studies, emphasis has been placed on the zonula occludens toxin (Zot) from the non-toxigenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus strain PMC53.7 as an agent inducing alterations in the actin cytoskeleton of infected Caco-2 cells and which appears as a relevant virulence factor. Universal zot primers were designed by the alignment of different types of zot gene and identification of conserved sequences to investigate the presence in diverse environmental and clinical V. parahaemolyticus isolates, in co-occurrence with virulence factors, such a hemolysins and secretion systems. The study screened a total of 390 isolates from environmental sources from Chile and Italy and 95 Chilean clinical isolates. The results revealed that around 37.2% of Chilean environmental strains and 25.9% of Italian strains, and 24.2% of clinical isolates carried the zot gene. The Zot-C2 cluster was present in 71.4% of Chilean environmental strains but absent in clinical isolates, while the Zot-C4 cluster was identified in 28.6% of environmental and 100% of clinical isolates. Understanding the role of zot in V. parahaemolyticus virulence is crucial, especially considering the risk associated with consuming diverse isolates from bivalves and the co-occurrence with virulence factors such as TDH, TRH or T3SS2. © 2024 by the authors.Universidad de Las Américas Chile, UDLA, (PI202019); Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico, FONDECYT, (1181499, 1190957, 11231192, 11160642)Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Neuropsychological and Anatomical-Functional Effects of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Post-Stroke Patients with Cognitive Impairment and Aphasia: A Systematic Review
No full textTranscranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been found to be promising in the neurorehabilitation of post-stroke patients. Aphasia and cognitive impairment (CI) are prevalent post-stroke; however, there is still a lack of consensus about the characteristics of interventions based on TMS and its neuropsychological and anatomical-functional benefits. Therefore, studies that contribute to creating TMS protocols for these neurological conditions are necessary. To analyze the evidence of the neuropsychological and anatomical-functional TMS effects in post-stroke patients with CI and aphasia and determine the characteristics of the most used TMS in research practice. The present study followed the PRISMA guidelines and included articles from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and EMBASE databases, published between January 2010 and March 2023. In the 15 articles reviewed, it was found that attention, memory, executive function, language comprehension, naming, and verbal fluency (semantic and phonological) are the neuropsychological domains that improved post-TMS. Moreover, TMS in aphasia and post-stroke CI contribute to greater frontal activation (in the inferior frontal gyrus, pars triangularis, and opercularis). Temporoparietal effects were also found. The observed effects occur when TMS is implemented in repetitive modality, at a frequency of 1 Hz, in sessions of 30 min, and that last more than 2 weeks in duration. The use of TMS contributes to the neurorehabilitation process in post-stroke patients with CI and aphasia. However, it is still necessary to standardize future intervention protocols based on accurate TMS characteristics. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024
The efficacy of compassion training programmes for healthcare professionals: a systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textContinuous exposure to the suffering and death of patients produces certain syndromes such as compassion fatigue in health professionals. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect and the effectiveness of interventions based on mindfulness, aimed at training or cultivating compassion or self-compassion in compassion fatigue, self-compassion, compassion, and compassion satisfaction of health professionals. A systematic review is reported in line with the PRISMA guideline and was registered in PROSPERO. The PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO and CINAHL databases were used. Interventions based on compassion training or cultivation were selected, aimed at health professionals. A meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model. The effect size and hetereogeneity of the studies were calculated. Eight articles were selected. Among the programmes for the cultivation of compassion we highlight Compassion Cultivation Training (CCT), Mindfulness and Self-Compassion (MSC), Compassionate Meditation (CM), and Loving Kindness Meditation (LKM). The interventions decreased compassion fatigue and increased compassion, self-compassion, and compassion satisfaction in healthcare professionals. Compassion fatigue in healthcare professionals is due to a deficit in empathic and compassionate skills. Health systems should incorporate programmes based on the cultivation of compassion and self-compassion in order to improve the work conditions and quality of life of health professionals. © 2024, The Author(s).Universidad Autónoma de Chil
How servant leadership influences the effectiveness of project management: antecedents and consequences
No full textPurpose: This study investigates the link between servant leadership and project management effectiveness in developmental projects in non-governmental organisations (NGOs). Further, this study examined the mediating role of conflict resolution and moderating role of organisational culture. Design/methodology/approach: A three-wave survey of 288 non-governmental organisation (NGO) employees was used to evaluate the hypotheses. Hierarchical regression analysis and Hayes' PROCESS macro technique were used for data analysis. Findings: In this study, servant leadership positively affects employee project management effectiveness in developmental projects in NGOs, and conflict resolution mediates the relationship. Furthermore, the results show that organisational culture moderates the positive relationship between servant leadership and employee project management effectiveness. Moreover, the authors investigated the hypotheses via a moderation mediation model. The strength of the mediated link between servant leadership and project management effectiveness (via conflict resolution) depends on organisational culture strength. Practical implications: Leaders that practice servant leadership care for their employees genuinely and serve them by allowing them to make their own decisions. Every organisation may benefit from this leadership style since it encourages project effectiveness Originality/value: New empirical data from this study suggests that servant leadership positively and substantially affects employee project management effectiveness in developmental projects in NGOs. © 2023, Emerald Publishing Limited