Repositorio académico de acceso abierto (Univ. Autonóma de Chile)
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Poseedor inscrito v/s poseedor material ¿un cambio de paradigma? Comentario a la Sentencia 1376- 2017 Civil de la Ilustrísima Corte de Apelaciones de Concepción
No full textEl presente comentario de jurisprudencia tiene por objeto analizar una sentencia emanada de la ilustrísima Corte de Apelaciones de Concepción, en ella los sentenciadores de dicho tribunal conociendo de un caso en el que se deduce una acción reivindicatoria por parte del dueño no poseedor en contra del poseedor no dueño, deciden no dar lugar a la acción reivindicatoria y fallan a favor del poseedor material del predio, cambiando de esa forma el criterio imperante en nuestra jurisprudencia la que en antaño prefería al poseedor inscrito por sobre el poseedor material
Lactancia materna y factores asociados a la alimentación en bebés con fisura de paladar
No full textBreastfeeding can be affected in babies with cleft palate, due to various factors associated with feeding. The objective of the study was to relate the time of breastfeeding and the time to express breast milk with factors associated with feeding in babies between 0 and 6 months with cleft palate. Electronic records of care of 36 babies with cleft palate from a public hospital in Chile were reviewed. Sociodemographic characteristics of the mother and father, perinatal and postnatal antecedents of the babies and general characteristics of feeding up to 6 months were extracted. The data were compared with the Mann-Whitney U test and relationships were established with the Pearson and Spearman correlations. In the time of direct breastfeeding (days), significant differences were observed in: the babies who used a nasogastric tube (p = 0.009), the indication to express breast milk (p = 0.017), the presence of manual extraction of breast milk (p = 0.005) and the presence of electrical extraction of breast milk (p = 0.002). In addition, a positive correlation (p = <.001; r = 0.538) was recorded between the time of direct breastfeeding and the time of expressed breast milk. It is concluded that the longer the breastfeeding time, the longer the breast milk extraction time. Meanwhile, the time of breastfeeding was influenced by the use of a nasogastric tube, the expression of breast milk as a personal option, and the manual and electrical expression of breast milk.La lactancia materna puede afectarse en bebés con fisura de paladar, debido a diversos factores asociados a la alimentación. El objetivo del estudio fue relacionar el tiempo de lactancia materna y el tiempo de extracción de leche materna con factores asociados a la alimentación en bebés de entre 0 y 6 meses portadores de fisura de paladar. Se revisaron registros electrónicos de atenciones de 36 bebés portadores de fisura de paladar de un hospital público de Chile. Fueron extraídas características sociodemográficas de la madre y padre, antecedentes perinatales y postnatales de los bebés y características generales de la alimentación hasta los 6 meses. Se compararon los datos con el Test de la U de Mann-Whitney y se establecieron relaciones con las correlaciones de Pearson y Spearman. En el tiempo de lactancia materna directa (días) se observaron diferencias significativas en: los bebés que utilizaron sonda nasogástrica (p = 0.009), la indicación de extracción de leche materna (p = 0.017), la presencia de extracción manual de leche materna (p = 0.005) y la presencia de extracción eléctrica de leche materna (p = 0.002). Además, se registró una correlación positiva (p = <.001; r = 0.538) entre el tiempo de lactancia materna directa y el tiempo de leche materna extraída. Se concluye que a mayor tiempo de lactancia materna existe un mayor tiempo de extracción de leche materna. En tanto, el tiempo de lactancia materna fue influenciado por el uso de sonda nasogástrica, la extracción de leche materna como opción personal y la extracción de leche materna de manera manual y eléctrica
Thiophene- and bithiophene-based ?-conjugated Schiff base oligomers containing binaphthalene moieties in the backbone. Properties and computational simulations
No full textNew ?-conjugated Schiff base oligomers (o-AZdAN1Th and o-AZdAN2Th) based on a binaphthalene core and containing thiophene or bithiophene units in their backbone were synthesized from the reaction between [1,1?-binaphthalene]-4,4?-diamine with thiophene-2,5-dicarbaldehyde and [2,2?-bithiophene]-5,5?-dicarbaldehyde by a high-temperature polycondensation method. These new materials were slightly soluble in non-protic polar solvents, such as chloroform and dichloromethane. From GPC analysis of the CHCl3-soluble fraction, o-AZdAN1Th was found to be a tetramer, whereas o-AZdAN2Th was a trimer with 1.4 kDa and 1.3 kDa average molecular weight (Mn), respectively. Both samples exhibited high thermal stability with T5% values of 452 °C and 456 °C and relatively high Tg values of 346 °C and 384 °C, for o-AZdAN1Th and o-AZdAN2Th, respectively. The samples showed absorptions in the deep-blue (o-AZdAN1Th) and blue (o-AZdAN2Th) regions of the visible spectrum, and emission responses at 387 nm and 447 nm, respectively, with moderate Stokes shifts (77-95 nm). Their optical and electronic properties were similar to those described for thiophene-based materials, with optical bandgap values close to 2.4 eV. HOMO energy values of ?5.98 and ?5.95 eV and LUMO energy values of ?3.87 eV and ?3.84 eV were obtained for o-AZdAN1Th and o-AZdAN2Th, respectively. Theoretical DFT and TD-DFT calculations were used to compare the effect of increasing thiophene units along the backbone for the real and also theoretical o-AZdANxTh samples (x = 3 and 4 thiophene units). According to our study, these two new thiophene-based can be proposed for optoelectronic applications. © 2024 The Royal Society of Chemistry.Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico, FONDECYT, (11180088, 1200390, 1230090, 3220883
Bikesharing and ordinary cyclists from Chile: Comparing trips, attitudes, and health-behaviours
No full textBikesharing helps citizens solve “the last mile” problem actively and healthily. However, these schemes tend to be located in the affluent and central areas of cities and often demand users to pay by credit or debit cards that are typically out of reach for poor groups, especially in developing countries. Consequently, bikesharing tends to reproduce existing inequalities in cities, leaving vulnerable groups and those living in poor areas with no option to ride bicycles. This study compares bikesharing users and ordinary cyclists from Santiago de Chile in terms of their sociodemographic characteristics, health status, transport-modal patterns, attitudes, and perceptions toward cycling and bikesharing infrastructure. In all, 1272 adult participants (569 bikesharing users and 703 ordinary cyclists, 63% males) responded to a 12-min survey in Santiago de Chile. The main findings show that bikesharing users reported higher educational levels and car ownership than ordinary cyclists, made shorter trips, and cycled less often than ordinary cyclists. However, using shared bikes permits them to comply with nearly 53% of their weekly physical activity recommendations, as nearly 40% of bikesharing trips would be otherwise made by car. Bikesharing users also tend to visit central areas of Santiago and rarely visit less central and affluent zones. © 2024Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico, FONDECYT, (Regular1171232); Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico, FONDECYT; Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable, CEDEUS, (1523A0004); Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable, CEDEU
Treatment of Zygomatic-Orbital Complex Fracture Through Transconjunctival Approach
No full textFractures of the zygomatic-orbital complex have been described as common in the midface traumas. The surgical approach election is an important decision when there is a risk of interference to function, aesthetics or an association of both. The pursuit of techniques that offer adequate visualization of the interested area associated with low morbidity has been responsible for the development of new techniques and materials. The better approach still remains with a lot of controversy among different authors. However, the transconjunctival incision can be considered in access fractures of the zygomatic-orbital complex. The purpose of this study is report a case of performing transconjunctival approach associated with lateral canthotomy to treatment of zygomatic-orbital complex fractures caused by sports trauma of a 34 years-old male patient
Removal of two carbamate pesticides from aqueous solutions using an adsorbent material based on poly(vinyl alcohol) and malic acid hydrogels
No full textThis study describes through Molecular dynamics simulations the interactions between two carbamate pesticides, Carbofuran (CFN) and Methomyl (MML), with PVA hydrogels, crosslinked with malic acid (CLPHMAs), for the quantitative capture of these insecticides and the remediation of aqueous solutions. The crosslinked hydrogels were prepared and characterized by FTIR, SEM, TGA, and equilibrium swelling ratio. The FTIR spectra revealed the presence of a peak around ~ 1719 attributed to the ester group (C–O–C), which resulted from the esterification reaction between PVA and the crosslinker. The simulations correlate with experimental trials based on the Design of Experiments (DoE), allowing the capture of CFN and MML in aqueous solutions of 500 mg L−1, using a capture time of 10 min. In conclusion, both tools enhance each other, demonstrating that CLPHMAs can remove these pesticides, constituting a technological alternative for treating contaminated water. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.CNRS International Research Network Diversity and Biotechnology of Marine Algae, (00022); Universidad Andrés Bello, UNAB, (DI–01–21/NUC); Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo, ANID, (ICN 2019_015, PIA/BASAL FB0002
Lag Screw Technique for Treating a Mandibular Angle Fracture: Case Report
No full textThe treatment of mandibular angle fractures involves several postsurgical complications and is in greater demand when compared to therapeutic approaches for other types of mandibular fractures. Such postsurgical complications as bleeding, swelling, infection, dehiscence, pseudoarthrosis and paresthesia might affect individuals in both sexes and at all age groups. The presence of a mandibular third molar, a cross-sectional area thinner than the tooth-bearing region, and biomechanical forces might hamper the surgery, making it longer and more complex. Internal fixation is aimed at undisturbed healing under condition of functional and without any period of intermaxillary fixation. Adequate fixation depends on different fracture types, patients' general health and compliance, and the timing of the operation. This case report involves a mandibular angle fracture successfully treated with the lag screw technique, a simple approach to treat one of the most common fractures involving the mandible, quickly restoring the patient's oral functions
Los Derechos de las Mujeres en la Política Mexicana de la Segunda Mitad del Siglo XX
No full textDuring the last decades, various groups and movements have emerged in charge of defending women's rights, which since the mid-nineteenth century has been in constant struggle, seeking the elimination of the effects of "patriarchy", as well as gender equality, as far as prerogatives are concerned. In the specific case of Mexico, the fight for women's rights began at the beginning of the last century; however, it seems that the main political and normative results of this constant struggle, they would begin to be reflected during the decade of the 50's, period of time in which the right to vote for women was recognized for the first time.
The main objective of this research is to collect and analyze information about what have been the main achievements that have emerged as a result of the feminist struggle, between 1950 and 1990, within Mexican territory. To carry out the above, a documentary research was carried out, through the study of different sources of information (primary and secondary) related to the subject, for later chronological organization.
In the present work some events are analyzed and described, of the history of Mexico in the 20th century, such as: the recognition of the right to vote for women; the establishment of gender equality at the constitutional level; the formation of the women's coalition in 1976; the emergence of NGO´s that are responsible for ensuring the rights of women; and the creation of government agencies such as the Secretary for Women in some states.Durante las últimas décadas han surgido diversas agrupaciones y movimientos encargados de defender los derechos de la mujer, los cuales desde mediados del siglo xix han estado en constante lucha, buscando la eliminación de los efectos del “patriarcado”, así como la igualdad de género, en cuanto prerrogativas se refiere. En el caso específico de México, la lucha por los derechos de las mujeres comenzó desde inicios de siglo pasado; sin embargo, pareciera ser que los principales resultados políticos y normativos de esa constante lucha, comenzarían a verse reflejados durante la década de los 50´s, periodo del tiempo en el cual por primera vez fuera reconocido el derecho al voto en la mujer.
La presente investigación tiene por objetivo principal recopilar y analizar información acerca de cuáles han sido los principales derechos políticos adquiridos por las mujeres, como resultado de la lucha feminista entre los años de 1950 y 1990, dentro del territorio mexicano. Para llevar a cabo lo anterior se realizó una investigación de tipo documental, por medio del estudio de diferentes fuentes de información —primarias y secundarias— relacionadas con el tema, para su posterior organización cronológica.
En el presente trabajo se analizan y describen algunos acontecimientos, de la historia de México en el siglo xx, tales como: el reconocimiento del derecho al sufragio en la mujer; el establecimiento de la igualdad de género a nivel constitucional; la formación de la coalición de las mujeres en 1976; el surgimiento de la ONG´s que se encargan de velar por los derechos de las mujeres; y la creación de organismos gubernamentales tales como la Secretaria de la Mujer en algunas entidades federativas
Sentencia C-111 de 2019: Regresiones de la Corte Constitucional en relación con la protección de los derechos políticos contenidos en el artículo 23 de la Convención Americana de Derechos Humanos
No full textLa sentencia C-111 del 2019 constituye una de las ultimas regresiones de la Corte Constitucional en materia de proteccion de derechos fundamentales y un claro retroceso en el proceso de internacionalizacion del derecho en ese pais. Esta decision ha restrindigo severamente el espacio de interpretacion con que cuentan los jueces para proteger derechos, porque ha reducido la efectividad de la Convención Americana de Derechos Humanos a travez de la negacion sisteamtica del valor normativo que tienen las decisiones de la Corte Interamericana de Derehcos Humanos sobre sistemas legales que pertenecen a este instrumento internacional. Esta decision desafia las bases del llamado dialogo jurisprudencial en Colombia y ha aumentado la separacion de la practica judicial colombiana respecto de los contenidos del derecho internacional