Repositorio académico de acceso abierto (Univ. Autonóma de Chile)
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Psychostimulants and social behaviors
No full textMounting evidence from animal models and human studies indicates that psychostimulants can significantly affect social behaviors. This is not surprising considering that the neural circuits underlying the regulation and expression of social behaviors are highly overlapped with those targeted by psychostimulants, which in most cases have strong rewarding and, consequently, addictive properties. In the present work, we provide an overview regarding the effects of illicit and prescription psychostimulants, such as cocaine, amphetamine-type stimulants, methylphenidate or modafinil, upon social behaviors such as social play, maternal behavior, aggression, pair bonding and social cognition and how psychostimulants in both animals and humans alter them. Finally, we discuss why these effects can vary depending on numerous variables such as the type of drug considered, acute versus long-term use, clinical versus recreational consumption, or the presence or absence of concomitant risk factors. Copyright © 2024 Cid-Jofré, Bahamondes, Zúñiga Correa, Ahumada Arias, Reyes-Parada and Renard.Desarrollo e Innovación; Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH; Departamento de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, DICYT; Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico, FONDECYT, (1220656, 1230446); Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico, FONDECYTUniversidad Autónoma de Chil
Manejo del colapso de válvula nasal externa: Revisión de la Literatura
No full textRhinoplasty is one of the most frequent cosmetic surgeries in the world and among the most common complications is valve collapse due to excessive resection of the alar cartilage. Facial paralysis, as well as aging, can collapse the lateral wall in inspiration due to dysfunction of the nasal muscle, causing weakening of the fibroalveolar tissue of the nasal lateral wall, and there are also genetic causes that produce valve collapse. Currently, various techniques are practiced to improve valve collapse and none are one hundred percent effective, most of them focus on correcting the nasal valve itself or the triangular cartilage, which indicates that they are fixed on a single factor and not on multifactorial etiology that produces it. This study reviews the clinical evidence that guides a correct diagnosis and effective management of external nasal valve dysfunction, using various techniques that are currently used to improve nasal valve collapse.La rinoplastia es una de las cirugías estéticas más realizadas en el mundo y entre las complicaciones más frecuentes está el colapso valvular por la excesiva resección del cartílago alar. La parálisis facial, así como el envejecimiento pueden colapsar la pared lateral en inspiración por disfunción del músculo nasal, al provocar debilitamiento del tejido fibroalveolar de la pared lateral nasal, existiendo también causas genéticas que producen colapso valvular. Actualmente se practican diversas técnicas para mejorar el colapso valvular y ninguna es cien por ciento efectiva, la mayor parte se centran en corregir la propia válvula nasal o el cartílago triangular, lo que indica que se fijan en un solo factor y no en la etiología multifactorial que la produce. Este estudio revisa la evidencia clínica que guía a un diagnóstico correcto y al manejo efectivo de la disfunción de la válvula nasal externa, mediante el uso de diversas técnicas que se emplean actualmente para perfeccionar el colapso valvular nasal
Prevalence of Musculoskeletal and Metabolic Disorders in Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
No full textIntroduction: Musculoskeletal disorders could be associated with metabolic disorders that are common after kidney transplantation, which could reduce the quality of life of patients. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of both musculoskeletal and metabolic disorders in kidney transplant patients. Methods: MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EMBASE and Web of Science were searched from their inception up to June 2023. DerSimonian and Laird random-effects method was used to calculate pooled prevalence estimates and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: 21,879 kidney transplant recipients from 38 studies were analysed. The overall proportion of kidney transplant patients with musculoskeletal disorders was 27.2% (95% CI: 18.4–36.0), with low muscle strength (64.5%; 95% CI: 43.1–81.3) being the most common disorder. Otherwise, the overall proportion of kidney transplant patients with metabolic disorders was 37.6% (95% CI: 21.9–53.2), with hypovitaminosis D (81.8%; 95% CI: 67.2–90.8) being the most prevalent disorder. Conclusion: The most common musculoskeletal disorders were low muscle strength, femoral osteopenia, and low muscle mass. Hypovitaminosis D, hyperparathyroidism, and hyperuricemia were also the most common metabolic disorders. These disorders could be associated with poorer quality of life in kidney transplant recipients. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier [CRD42023449171]. Copyright © 2024 Herreros-Carretero, Berlanga-Macías, Martínez-Vizcaíno, Torres-Costoso, Pascual-Morena, Hernández-Castillejo, Sequí-Domínguez and Garrido-Miguel.Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ISCIII; European Regional Development Fund, ERDF; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, MINECO, (RD21/0016/0025); Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, MINECO; European Commission, EC, (RD12/0005/0009); European Commission, EC; Carvascare Research Group, (2022-GRIN-34459)Universidad Autónoma de Chil
UiO-66(Zr) as drug delivery system for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
No full textThe toxicity for the human body of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) overdoses is a consequence of their low water solubility, high doses, and facile accessibility to the population. New drug delivery systems (DDS) are necessary to overcome the bioavailability and toxicity related to NSAIDs. In this context, UiO-66(Zr) metal-organic framework (MOF) shows high porosity, stability, and load capacity, thus being a promising DDS. However, the adsorption and release capability for different NSAIDs is scarcely described. In this work, the biocompatible UiO-66(Zr) MOF was used to study the adsorption and release conditions of ibuprofen, naproxen, and diclofenac using a theoretical and experimental approximation. DFT results showed that the MOF-drug interaction was due to an intermolecular hydrogen bond between protons of the groups in the defect sites, (μ3 − OH, and − OH2) and a lone pair of oxygen carboxyl functional group of the NSAIDs. Also, the experimental results suggest that the solvent where the drug is dissolved affects the adsorption process. The adsorption kinetics are similar between the drugs, but the maximum load capacity differs for each drug. The release kinetics assay showed a solvent dependence kinetics whose maximum liberation capacity is affected by the interaction between the drug and the material. Finally, the biological assays show that none of the systems studied are cytotoxic for HMVEC. Additionally, the wound healing assay suggests that the UiO-66(Zr) material has potential application on the wound healing process. However, further studies should be done. © 2024ANID-Millennium; Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico, FONDECYT, (1231194, 1241917, 3240414, ANID/FONDAP/1523A0006, ACT210057, Program-NCN2021_090); Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico, FONDECY
Repositioning Implants Through Sandwich Osteotomy with the Interposition of Lyophilized Bovine Bone
No full textThe satisfactory positioning of an implant during dental surgery is essential to the success of the treatment. However, accidents can occur during the period of osseointegration, leading to implant movements that hinder or may even prevent prosthetic rehabilitation. Implants can be repositioned through sandwich osteotomy, which has been labeled a versatile, viable and predictable technique in the literature. The aim of the present study was to report a case involving the esthetic displacement of an implant, caused by a sports accident, which was repositioned using sandwich osteotomy, with the interposition of lyophilized bovine bone between the osteotomized segments. In order to adequately perform this repositioning, the authors devised a guide to assist with the positioning process
Contribution to the Vascularization of Cruciate Knee Ligaments and its Relevance in Trauma Surgery
No full textThe intercondyloid notch of the knee, has acquired interest from the surgical point of view, with the use of technical arthroscopy in the treatment of anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments. This review shows the arterial branches that receive cruciate ligaments in different areas and confirms the presence of periligamentous anastomotic networks. The study included 6 adult knees and 14 fetal human knees between the 6th and 8th month of gestation, for artery and cruciate ligament analysis through transverse and frontal slice dissections. In conclusion cruciate ligaments receive their principal vascular contribution, through the medial artery of the knee and secondarily from inferior medial and lateral arteries. In the fetal stage there were periligamentous arterial connections in the femoral insert of both ligaments. Anatomical knowledge of the arteries that approach cruciate ligaments is important in repairs as it favors vitality and good joint mechanics
Manejo de Linfoma primario de bazo en paciente con VIH-Sida: Reporte de caso
No full textPrimary splenic lymphomas involve the spleen and/or its lymph nodes. They represent <1% of lymphomas and they imply a diagnostic challenge due to its poor symptomatology and low prevalence.
There for, the objects this work describe the management and evolution of a patient with HIVAIDS and presentation of a primary lymphoma of the spleen.
In this report we present the case of a 52-year-old male patient with HIV infection without treatment presented with abdominal pain, fever and a 2-month weight loss. The pre-operative computed tomography showed splenomegaly and hypodense lesions suspected to be tumoral.
He was operated on, performing an exploratory laparotomy, performing an splenectomy. The histopathological study reported a non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
Primary splenic lymphoma is a non frequent entity. It is necessary to be acquainted with it in order to suspect it.Los linfomas primarios de bazo afectan al bazo y/o sus ganglios linfáticos inicialmente. Representan
<1% de los linfomas e implican un reto diagnóstico, por baja prevalencia y sintomatología inusual.
Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este trabajo fue describir el manejo y evolución de un paciente con
VIH-SIDA y la presentación de un Linfoma primario de bazo.
En este reporte presentamos el caso de un paciente masculino de 52 años con VIH sin apego a tratamiento debuta con dolor abdominal, fiebre y pérdida de peso de 2 meses de evolución. La tomografía computarizada properatoria revela esplenomegalia y lesiones hipodensas sospechosas de neoformación. Es intervenido, realizándose una laparotomía exploratoria, con esplenectomía.
El estudio histopatológico reporta linfoma no Hodgkin. El linfoma primario de bazo es poco frecuente. Es necesario su conocimiento para su sospecha diagnóstica y un diagnóstico diferencial en pacientes con esplenomegalia
When SF5 outplays CF3: effects of pentafluorosulfanyl decorated scorpionates on copper (vol 12, pg 14618, 2021)
No full textCorrection for 'When SF5 outplays CF3: effects of pentafluorosulfanyl decorated scorpionates on copper' by Anurag Noonikara-Poyil et al., Chem. Sci., 2021, 12, 14618-14623, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1SC04846E
DEMOCRACIA Y PARTICIPACIÓN LOCAL: DEBATES TEÓRICOS Y ANÁLISIS EMPÍRICO DE LOS PRESUPUESTOS PARTICIPATIVOS EN LAS CIUDADES ARGENTINAS
No full textEn este trabajo nos proponemos, primero situar el análisis acerca de los mecanismos de innovación democrática, en especial el Presupuesto Participativo (PP), en el diálogo crítico entre la democracia representativa y la participativa. Segundo, analizar de manera descriptiva el mapa de los PP implementados en las principales ciudades argentinas a la luz del modelo teórico que se reseña en la literatura. Seguidamente nos concentraremos en el estudio de diez experiencias implementadas por gobiernos locales. Seis en ciudades capitales provinciales (La Plata, Córdoba, Corrientes, Mendoza, Santa Fe, Ushuaia) y cuatro municipios del Conurbano bonaerense (Avellaneda, Morón, Vicente López y San Martín). Finalmente, y a modo de conclusión, se esbozan los interrogantes que son relevantes de formular