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Asociación entre nivel socioeconómico con calidad de alimentación y nivel de actividad física en adolescentes
No full textIntroduction: During adolescence, the practice of physical activity (PA) decreases, as well as the consumption of healthy foods, which could be attributed to the socioeconomic status. Objective: Associating socioeconomic status with quality of food and level of PA in adolescents. Methods: Descriptive - correlational study, which evaluated 158 students between 14-15 years old belonging to municipal and private establishments in Talca, Chile through a non-probabilistic sampling for convenience. The PA Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ-A) questionnaire was applied, the quality of food was assessed with the global food quality index and the Adimark survey to assess the socioeconomic status. Results: 41.2% of the participants reported an "unhealthy" diet, 51.2% had a PA level below average and 44.1% categorized themselves with a "medium" socioeconomic status. On the other hand, a statistically significant association was observed between socioeconomic status and food quality (p=0.01), but no significant association was found between socioeconomic status and PA level (p=0.89). Conclusions: There is an association between the quality of diet of adolescents with the socioeconomic status of the home where they reside, however this was not associated with the level of PA. Considering the high prevalence of overweight and obesity in adolescents, it is necessary to promote the practice of PA and a good quality diet in all socioeconomic status, but particularly in the most vulnerable levels. © 2024 Federacion Espanola de Docentes de Educacion Fisica. All rights reserved.Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Thoraco-abdominal Ganglioneuroma, Retroperitoneal. About a Case
No full textGanglioneuroma (GN) is a benign infrequent tumor whose most common site is the abdomen. Theyare usually asymptomatic and usually diagnosed incidentally by imaging study. Treatment is surgical and indication for surgery depends on the size and location of the lesion; as well as the symptoms that are possibly generated. Even though there is evidence of laparoscopic resection in some cases of retroperitoneal location based on isolated cases reporting promising results, the main access road remains the traditional way. The aim of this article is to provide a case of thoracoabdominal retroperitoneal GN and discuss the related literature
Intranasal insulin effect on cognitive and/or memory impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textBackground: Cognitive impairment, characterized by deficits in cognitive functions and loss of delayed and immediate recall, disproportionately affects individuals aged 65 years and older, particularly those with comorbid cardiovascular conditions such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the potential association between intranasal insulin and cognitive and/or memory impairment, with a specific focus on delayed and immediate recall, considering the rising prevalence of cognitive disorders in the aging population. Methodology: Employing a rigorous systematic approach, we conducted a thorough search of MEDLINE, Scopus, the Cochrane database, and Web of Science from inception to November 23, 2022, identifying relevant randomized clinical trials. Our analyses encompassed three key aspects: (i) assessing the impact of intranasal insulin on cognitive impairment, (ii) evaluating its effect on delayed recall, and (iii) examining its influence on immediate recall. Results: Five studies meeting the inclusion criteria were included. The results underscored a statistically significant effect of intranasal insulin on delayed memory (effect size: 1.37; 95% CI: 0.65 to 2.09) and overall cognition (effect size: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.08 to 1.08). However, no statistically significant effect was observed for immediate memory (effect size: 0.48; 95% CI: -0.00 to 0.96). Conclusions: This study provides compelling evidence supporting the significance and efficacy of intranasal insulin in enhancing delayed recall and overall cognition. The observed effects hold promise for potential therapeutic interventions in addressing cognitive deficits associated with aging and comorbid conditions. The findings emphasize the need for further research to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and optimize the application of intranasal insulin in cognitive enhancement strategies. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2024
Rol del fonoaudiólogo en el equipo de atención al paciente para cirugía bariátrica
No full textThe work of the speech therapist with patients undergoing Bariatric Surgery (BS) is still little explored, although essential for the adequate preparation of the subject for surgery, as well as for his short and long term recovery. Given its importance and it’s still limited performance in this scenario, the objective of this study was to verify the perception of patients about the importance and effectiveness of speech therapy both in the pre and postoperative period of BS. Questionnaires were carried out with 44 patients divided into 4 groups, according to the moment of bariatric surgery follow-up. Most of the subjects were unaware of the role of the speech therapist at the beginning of the treatment, but they considered their guidance and their presence in the team relevant during the process. The ignorance of the role of the SpeechLanguage Pathologist in the care of bariatric patients is related to the incipient participation of Speech-Language Pathologists in this scenario. The positive impact of speech therapy guidelines in the preoperative period improves quality of life, provides information and clarifies subjects’ doubts and fears, enhancing results and minimizing postoperative problems. The professional’s guidance in relation to the aspects experienced in the patients’ daily lives implies a consensus on the importance of the participation of the Speech Therapist during the process of monitoring the BS. Patients’ perception of the importance of the guidelines received by the Speech-Language Pathologist was well-known, as well as their necessary participation in the multidisciplinary team. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of speech therapy both in the pre and in the short and long term postoperative period.La labor del fonoaudiólogo con pacientes sometidos a Cirugía Bariátrica (CB) es aún poco explorada, aunque fundamental para la adecuada preparación del sujeto para la cirugía, así como para su recuperación a corto y largo plazo. Dada su importancia y su aún limitado desempeño en este escenario, el objetivo de este estudio fue verificar la percepción de los pacientes sobre la importancia y efectividad de la logopedia tanto en el período pre como postoperatorio de CB. Se realizaron cuestionarios con 44 pacientes divididos en 4 grupos, según el momento del seguimiento de la cirugía bariátrica. Resultados: La mayoría de los sujetos desconocían el rol del fonoaudiólogo al inicio del tratamiento, pero consideraron relevante su orientación y presencia en el equipo durante el proceso. El desconocimiento del papel del fonoaudiólogo en la atención de los pacientes bariátricos se relaciona con la incipiente participación de los fonoaudiólogos en este escenario. El impacto positivo de las pautas de fonoaudiología en el período preoperatorio mejora la calidad de vida, brinda información y aclara las dudas y temores de los sujetos, potenciando los resultados y minimizando los problemas postoperatorios. La orientación del profesional en relación con los aspectos vividos en la vida diaria de los pacientes implica un consenso sobre la importancia de la participación del fonoaudiólogo durante el proceso de seguimiento de CB. Es conocida la percepción de los pacientes sobre la importancia de las guías recibidas por el fonoaudiólogo, así como su necesaria participación en el equipo multidisciplinario. Los resultados demostraron la eficacia de la fonoaudiología tanto en el pre como en el postoperatorio a corto y largo plazo
¿Proyectos empresariales o socio-territoriales? Un análisis aplicado a dos Municipios en Uruguay.
No full textEn este artículo se discute respecto a la distinción entre proyectos de desarrollo territorial y proyectos empresariales, que si bien en su superficie pueden confundirse mantienen una esencia bien diferente. Se propone un marco de análisis que permite analizar la trayectoria de un Municipio en función de las sinergias y divergencias entre la posibilidad de un proyec- to socio-territorial y la presencia de proyectos empresariales que no necesariamente son territoriales. Esta perspectiva de análisis se aplicó al caso concreto de dos Municipios en Uruguay. A partir de este estudio se analiza si es posible un proceso de desarrollo territorial en estos municipios y si explora la utilidad de este tipo de enfoque para entender los procesos de desarrollo local
Evolución de la costa central y su vinculación con el gran proyecto urbano de Puerto Norte en la ciudad de Rosario
No full textEl artículo aborda el análisis histórico y urbano de los procesos de transfor- mación de la costa central en la ciudad de Rosario, Argentina, desde fines de la década de 1970 a la actualidad. El Municipio a través de distintos instrumentos específicos y nuevas modalidades de gestión, con el fin de recuperar el frente ribereño, propone intervenciones urbanas que inducen al sector privado a la ejecución de distintos proyectos inmobiliarios con usos recreativos, residenciales y comerciales. En este período se visualizan los distintos proyectos edilicios y parques públicos, que van reemplazando las antiguas instalaciones ferroviarias y portuarias, desde el Parque España hasta el Centro de Renovación Urbana Scalabrini Ortiz, Fase 1 Talleres y Fase 2 Puerto Norte, haciendo especial énfasis en este último desarrollo
Machine Learning: Una necesidad formativa hoy para los médicos del mañana
No full textArtificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have revolutionized the field of medicine in recent years. Advances in the application of the ML have allowed more precise diagnostic support, the prediction of adverse events and a better selection of treatment for various pathologies. Among the objectives of the curricular integration of ML is teaching students how to use ML as a support tool in clinical practice. Seek to strengthen the clinical judgment of students, so that they can make informed decisions based on the information provided by AI and ML. It is important for medical students to understand the limitations and potential biases of AI and ML. The curricular integration of ML in medical education is a crucial task to train future medical professionals. © 2024 Sociedad de Anestesiologia de Chile. All rights reserved.Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Humanization, Adaptation to Change, and Mental Health in Teachers in Three European Countries
No full textBackground: The aim of this study was to explore the relationships between humanization, adaptability to change, and mental health in European teachers (Spanish, Portuguese, and Italian teachers), as well as the relationship between humanization and mental health in teachers through the analysis of the mediating role of adaptability to change. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with teachers from three European countries (Spain, n = 263; Portugal, n = 344; and Italy, n = 287). The Healthcare Professional Humanization Scale (HUMAS), General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), and the Adaptation to Change Questionnaire (ADAPTA-10) were administered. Results: In all three countries, negative associations were observed between humanization and the presence of problematic symptoms. With respect to the adaptability to change factors, humanization showed negative associations with the emotional factor and positive associations with the cognitive-behavioral factor. Comparative mean analysis revealed differences in humanization, the emotional factor of adaptability to change, and the presence of problematic symptoms. Finally, the mediation models showed the absence of a direct effect in the relationship between humanization and the presence of GHQ-28 symptomatology when it was mediated by the emotional factor (Spanish and Portuguese sample). In the Italian sample, the direct effect of humanization-GHQ-28 symptomatology was significant, with a smaller proportion of the indirect effect of the emotional factor acting as a mediator. On the other hand, when considering the cognitive-behavioral factor as a mediator, the same result was obtained for all three countries: a negative direct effect between humanization and GHQ-28 symptomatology, with no mediation by the cognitive-behavioral factor. Conclusions: The need to improve training in humanization competencies lies in the potential protective function that these competencies can have on the mental health of teachers. Antecedentes: El objetivo del trabajo fue explorar la relacion entre humanizacion, capacidad de adaptacion al cambio y salud mental en docentes europeos (espanoles, portugueses e italianos) y la relacion entre humanizacion y salud mental en docentes mediante el analisis del rol mediador de la capacidad de adaptacion al cambio. Metodo: Se realizo un estudio descriptivo transversal con docentes de tres paises europeos (Espana, n = 263, Portugal, n = 344 e Italia, n = 287). Se administro la Healthcare Professional Humanization Scale (HUMAS), el General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) y el Cuestionario de Adaptacion al Cambio (ADAPTA-10). Resultados: En los tres paises se obervo una asociacion negativa entre humanizacion y la presencia de sintomatologia problematica. Con los factores de adaptacion al cambio la humanizacion presento una asociacion negativa con el factor emocional y positiva con el cognitivo-conductual. Del analisis comparativo de medias se obtuvieron diferencias en humanizacion, el factor emocional de adaptacion al cambio y la presencia de sintomatologia problematica. Finalmente, los modelos de mediacion mostraron la ausencia de un efecto directo en la relacion entre humanizacion y la presencia de sintomatologia GHQ-28 cuando esta se encontraba mediada por el factor emocional (muestra espanola y portuguesa). En la muestra italiana fue significativo el efecto directo de la humanizacion-sintomatologia GHQ-28, con menor proporcion del efecto indirecto del factor emocional actuando este como mediador. Por otro lado, tomando como mediador el factor cognitivo-conductual, se obtuvo el mismo resultado para los tres paises: un efecto directo negativo entre la humanizacion y la sintomatologia GHQ-28, no estando este mediado por el factor cognitivo-conductual. Conclusiones: La necesidad de mejorar la formacion en competencias de humanizacion reside en la potencial funcion protectora que pueden ejercer sobre la salud mental de los docentes.MCIN/AEIUniversidad Autónoma de Chil
