Repositorio académico de acceso abierto (Univ. Autonóma de Chile)
Not a member yet
7149 research outputs found
Sort by
MAPA DE DEMANDAS ETNO-TERRITORIALES INDÍGENAS EN CHILE: MAPUCHES-RAPA NUIS-DIAGUITAS REBELDES, AYMARAS-ATACAMEÑOS CONSOCIATIVOS
No full textEl artículo ofrece un estudio panorámico, que aborda las posibles causas de las demandas etno-territoriales indígenas en Chile, generadas en los últimos veinticinco años. Para alcanzar este cometido, se realizó un estudio de casos múltiple fundado en una diversidad de fuentes de información. En el terreno del análisis, el estudio se apoyó tanto en los aportes teórico-metodológicos de la ciencia política, como en los modelos conceptuales de la antropología social. De esta manera, el trabajo pretende formular un mapa inicial sobre estas demandas en diversas áreas indígenas del país. Los resultados del análisis arrojan una diversidad de discursos étnicos: mientras los mapuches, diaguitas y rapa nuis presentan posturas políticas de disenso, los aymaras y atacameños sostienen discursos consocionales. La investigación concluye que estas demandas se explican por factores nacionales y regionales. 
SMAS Plication in Superficial Plane & Bichectomy in Facial Lifting
No full textThe facial lifting show a favorable evolution in the last years; some technical modifications and the mixture with another procedures can make a more favorable results, with predictability and low morbidity. The aim of this paper is to show a mixture of two surgical techniques to obtain complimentary results in facial lifting. The technique of facial lifting with SMAS plication and bichectomy are frequently used in facial plastic surgery; the combined work of both procedures allow a reduction in the adipose tissue in the lateral and middle side of the buccal area, showing better esthetical results with a low morbidity
Disautonomía cardíaca parasimpática en pacientes con esclerosis lateral amiotrófica
No full textIntroduction: Although some studies have shown the presence of cardiac dysautonomia in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients, its relationship with the disease is still controversial. Objective: To explore cardiac dysautonomia in ALS and its possible association with disease evolution and patient's quality of life. Materials and methods: We evaluated demographics and disease-related variables, comorbidities and quality of life in 20 ALS patients. We performed the autonomic symptoms profile and SF-36 (quality of life) scales. Patients were also evaluated with dynamometry, orthostatic testing and RR interval variability (RRIV) in resting and deep breathing electrocardiograms. Twenty age- and gender- matched healthy individuals served as controls for autonomic cardiovascular measurements. Results: The mean age of ALS patients was 52 ± 14 years, 75% were male and 85% had spinal disease onset. The mean score as per the ALS-FRS and FVC were 25.65 ± 10.55 and 67% ± 21, respectively. Cardiac parasympathetic dysautonomia was found in 4 out of 17 (25%) ALS patients vs. none of the controls (P = 0.031). ALS patients with reduced RRIV did not differ statistically in any variably from those without. Only 1 patient (6%) vs. none of the controls had orthostatic hypotension (P = 0.18). Conclusion: Parasympathetic cardiac dysautonomia was observed in 25% of the ALS patients. Lack of association with epidemiological or ALS-related variables suggests a different pathological process. © 2024 Sociedad Neurológica Argentin
Relationship of household composition with sedentary behavior and eating habits of 102,072 adolescents: A representative sample of Brazil (PeNSE Study)
No full textPurpose: The household composition is important for adolescents and understanding its relationship with their lifestyle habits is essential. This study aimed to analyze the relationship of household composition with sedentary behavior and eating habits of adolescents. Methods: This study analyzed data from the Brazilian National Scholar Health Survey—PeNSE 2015. The sample was composed by 102,072 adolescents (11–17 years). The independent variable of the study was the household composition (living with both parents versus living with only one parent or none of them), whereas outcome variables were eating habits and sedentary behavior patterns. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the association between variables. Results: Adolescents living with both parents were less likely to have high sedentary behavior (≥2 h OR = 0.89; ≥4 h OR = 0.86), eat while watching TV for ≥5 days/week (OR = 0.88), frequent fried foods (OR = 0.89), sweets (OR = 0.92), soft drinks (OR = 0.86) and ultra processed foods (OR = 0.97) consumption, as were more likely to have lunch with parents (OR = 1.87), frequent vegetables (OR = 1.12), beans (OR = 1.14) and fruits (OR = 1.11) consumption than those who live with one parent or none of them. Conclusion: Households composed by both father and mother was associated with lower sedentary behavior and healthy eating habits in Brazilian adolescents. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC
Modelo de Evaluación de Estrategias de Conservación y Aprovechamiento en una Reserva de Turismo Cinegético en México
No full textEl artículo presenta un simulador de vuelo ejecutivo (SVE), como parte de un entorno de aprendizaje, diseñado para ser utilizado por dueños o administradores de parques o reservas cinegéticas, grupos conservacionistas o diseñadores de políticas ecológicas gubernamentales, con el objetivo de evaluar diversas estrategias y de proveer experiencia virtual en la planeación estratégica sustentable y rentable de dichos parques o reservas de turismo cinegético. El SVE está basado en un modelo de dinámica de sistemas que evalúa el riesgo de agotamiento de la población, sus beneficios económicos potenciales y la generación potencial de impuestos en un parque virtual. Se diseñó el SVE con el objetivo de evaluar los impactos de diversas políticas desde la libre cacería hasta políticas altamente restrictivas como cuotas de caza, esquemas de impuestos y precios. La estructura del modelo está basada en el fenómeno económico denominado “tragedia de los comunes”, el cual ocurre cuando los individuos, actuando independientemente unos de otros, explotan indiscriminadamente un recurso de propiedad común, buscando obtener beneficios de corto plazo, mientras lo agotan para su uso en el largo plazo. La utilización del SVE muestra que sí es posible la sustentabilidad y la rentabilidad en una reserva de turismo cinegético, aplicando combinaciones de estrategias o políticas racionales a nivel sistema
Exploring the FAO Minimum Dietary Diversity Indicator as a Suitable Proxy of Micronutrient Adequacy in Men and Women Across Reproductive and Non-reproductive Ages in 8 Latin American Countries
No full textBackground: Women’s Dietary Diversity Score (WDDS) is an indicator of dietary diversity, a key component of diet quality in women of reproductive age (WRA). Limited information is available regarding its applicability in other population groups. Objective: To examine the ability of the Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women (MDD-W) of 5-food groups cutoff to predict micronutrient adequacy in men and women 15 to 65 years old from 8 Latin American countries. Methods: We used a 24-hour recall from 9216 participants in the Latin American Study on Nutrition and Health (ELANS) to determine Dietary Diversity Score (DDS) based on the consumption of 10 food groups. The Mean Probability of Adequacy (MPA) was associated with DDS for the overall sample, for men, WRA, and women of nonreproductive age (WNRA). Sensitivity and specificity analyses were performed to determine if the 5-food groups cutoff point for MDD can be used to correctly identify men, WRA, and WNRA with adequate micronutrient adequacy (MPA ≥ 0.70). Results: We found a mean DDS of 4.78 ± 1.33 and an MPA of 0.64 ± 0.16, with 59% of participants showing a diverse diet (DDS ≥ 5). The 5-food groups-cutoff point showed a better balance between sensitivity and specificity predicting an MPA ≥0.70 in men, WRA, and WNRA. MPA was significantly associated with DDS in WRA and for men and WNRA, as well. Conclusion: The 5-food group MDD, originally intended to be used in WRA, performed equally well in predicting MPA ≥0.70 in men, WRA, and WNRA, and can be used as a proxy of micronutrient adequacy in Latin American population. © The Author(s) 2024
Correlation Between Predialysis Systolic Blood Pressure and Predialysis Hydration Status in Hemodialysis Patients
No full textOne of the goals of hemodialysis is to maintain normal hydration status in ESRD patients. Pre hemodialysis systolic blood pressure is usually used as a clinical parameter of hydration status and to set ultrafiltration rate before Hd. It is unclear how much pre-Hd SBP correlated with hydration status. The aim was to determine correlation between pre-Hd SBP and hydration status before Hd. An observational correlation study was performed in two dialysis centers in Santiago, Chile, from January-June, 2011. Adult patients in Hd for at least three months, who gave their informed consent were included. Patients with pacemaker, amputee, hospitalized and metallic prostheses were excluded. Total-body water and overhydrated were assessed with bioimpedance spectroscopy before the first and third dialysis session of the week. Pre-Hd SBP, pre-Hd body weight, pre-Hd TBW and pre-Hd OH, were analyzed using Pearson correlation and linear regression model. 96 measurements were assessed, 52 % were male with median age 59.5 years. The correlation between pre-Hd SBP and pre-Hd overhydration was r=0.33, and total body water r=0.15, with a predicted value, R2=0.10 and R2 =0.14 respectively. Pre-Hd SBP had low correlation with pre-Hd hydration status and by itself, is not a reliable parameter to set ultrafiltration rate before Hd. Nevertheless Pre-Hd body weight predicted in 70 % the pre-Hd TBW
Analysis of the association between high workload and musculoskeletal pain in public school teachers according to physical activity level
No full textBACKGROUND: A high workload has been associated with musculoskeletal pain in public school teachers. However, the hypothesis of the present study was that physical activity (PA) practice is able to attenuate this association. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the associations between high workload with musculoskeletal pain according to PA levels in public school teachers. METHODS: Teachers (n = 239) from 13 public schools were evaluated. Workload was assessed using a Likert scale in which teachers reported their perception of their work routine as: very low, low, regular, high, and very high. Musculoskeletal pain and PA were assessed using questionnaires. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to investigate the association of high workload with PA levels and musculoskeletal pain in different body regions, compared to participants with normal workload, adjusted by sex, age, and socioeconomic status. RESULTS: A high workload was associated with higher chances of reporting pain in the wrists and hands (OR = 3.55; 95%CI = 1.27–9.89), knee (OR = 3.09; 95CI% = 1.09–8.82), and feet and ankles (OR = 3.16; 95%CI = 1.03–9.76) in less active teachers. However, these associations were not observed in teachers considered more active. CONCLUSION: PA practice is able to act as a good protector against musculoskeletal pain in teachers, even in individuals with a high workload. © 2024 – IOS Press. All rights reserved.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, CAPES; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPq, (305886/2022-3); Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNP
Habilidades Socioemocionales en las Instituciones Educativas
No full textThe educational policies to face this global, digital and complex society are currently configuring and implementing new models of basic training in schools, among which the competencies approach and emotional education stand out. In this context, a descriptive review of scientific articles related to socio-emotional skills in educational institutions was carried out. The selected sources were 15, approved between the years 2016 - 2020, and indexed to journals published in the database: Dialnet, Redalyc, Google Scholar and SciELO. The thematic contents associated with the study variable express congruence with the teaching performance, collaborative tasks, learning management, beliefs, dance, attachment, as well as the application and evaluation of intervention programs. The los investigadores examinaron metodologías cualitativas y cuantitativas actuales, con diseños etnográficos, biográficos, correlacionales, descriptivos e interpretativos, estudios de caso; y en el proceso de recolección de datos utilizaron la entrevista, observación, grupos de enfoque y discusión, análisis de contenido, inventarios, escalas, pruebas y cuestionarios, administrados a docentes y estudiantes. Los resultados de los documentos consultados corroboran que existe la necesidad de articular y pasar de una educación centrada en lo cognitivo al desarrollo de competencias socioemocionales en los distintos actores y niveles educativos.Las políticas educativas para afrontar esta sociedad global, digital y compleja en la actualidad vienen configurando e implementando nuevos modelos de formación básica en las escuelas, entre los que destacan el enfoque por competencias y la educación emocional. En este contexto, se realizó una revisión descriptiva de artículos científicos relacionados con las habilidades socioemocionales en las instituciones educativas. Las fuentes seleccionadas fueron quince, aprobadas entre los años 2016 – 2020, e indexadas a revistas publicadas en la base de datos: Dialnet, Redalyc, Google Scholar y SciELO. Los contenidos temáticos asociados a la variable de estudio expresan congruencia con la actuación docente, tareas colaborativas, gestión del aprendizaje, creencias, la danza, el apego, así como la aplicación y evaluación de programas de intervención. Las investigaciones examinadas presentan metodologías cualitativas y cuantitativas, con diseños etnográficos, biográficos, correlacional, descriptivos e interpretativos, estudio de casos; y en el proceso de recolección de datos utilizaron la entrevista, observación, grupos focales y de discusión, análisis de contenido, inventarios, escalas, test y cuestionarios, administrados a maestros y estudiantes. Los resultados de los documentos consultados corroboran que existe la necesidad de articular y transitar de una educación centrada en lo cognitivo hacia el desarrollo de competencias socioemocionales en los diversos actores y niveles educativos.
