Repositorio académico de acceso abierto (Univ. Autonóma de Chile)
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Efecto del Extracto de hoja de Moringa Olifera Lam. en la Histología del Hipocampo y la actividad enzimática en el suero de ratas Wistar adultas expuestas a Cloruro de Aluminio Extracto de M. oleifera para protección del daño por Cloruro de Aluminio: M. oleifera Extract Protect against Aluminium Chloride
No full textIntroduction: Aluminium, a ubiquitous metal implicated in some neurodegenerative diseases is linked to activation of free oxygen species. The antioxidant-rich plants, Moringa oleifera (MO) is reported to protect against Aluminium activities. This study investigated the actions of MO leaf extract (MOLE) against Aluminium chloride (AlCl3 )- induced hippocampal cellular changes and serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) in adult Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Thirty Wistar rats weighing between 150 g and 220 g were grouped (n=5) into; 1-control (5 mL/kg distilled water), 2-AlCl3 (100 mg/kg), 3-low dose MOLE (250 mg/kg), 4-high dose MOLE (1,000 mg/kg), 5-concurrent AlCl3 and low dose MOLE, and 6-concurrent AlCl3 and high dose MOLE. All administrations were by oral gavages for 21 days. On day 22, following deep anaesthesia and cardiac puncture, blood was obtained for serum enzyme analysis, and the brain perfusion fixed, harvested and processed for histological study. Results: Results showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher ALP level in the AlCl3 group compared with the control, as well as the other test groups. However, there was no significant (p > 0.05) AST and ALT levels. The hippocampal CA3 of the AlCl3 group showed hypertrophic cells, with some of the cells having karyorrhectic features. The concurrent AlCl3 and low and high doses, MOLE groups showed less of these adverse features. Conclusion: These results suggest that MOLE may protect enzymatic activities against Aluminium chloride. However, its action on hippocampus is still subject to further investigation.Introducción: El aluminio, un metal presente en diversos lugares implicado en algunas enfermedades neurodegenerativas, está relacionado con la activación de especies reactivas de oxígeno. Se informa que las plantas ricas en antioxidantes, Moringa oleifera (MO) protegen contra la acción del aluminio. Este estudio investigó las acciones del extracto de hoja de MO (MOLE) en los cambios celulares del hipocampo inducidos por el cloruro de aluminio (AlCl3) y los niveles séricos de fosfatasa alcalina (ALP), aspartato transaminasa (AST) y alanina transaminasa (ALT) en ratas Wistar adultas. Materiales y métodos: SE utilizaron treinta ratas Wistar divididas en 5 grupos, los animales pesaban entre 150 gy 220 g; 1 control (5 ml / kg de agua destilada), 2-AlCl3 (100 mg / kg), 3 MOLE de dosis baja (250 mg / kg), 4 MOLE de dosis alta (1000 mg / kg), 5 AlCl3 concurrente y MOLE de dosis baja, y MOLE 6-concurrente y MOLE de dosis alta. Todas las administraciones fueron por sonda oral durante 21 días. El día 22, después de la anestesia profunda y la punción cardíaca, se obtuvo sangre para el análisis de las enzimas séricas y la perfusión cerebral se fijó, recogió y procesó para el estudio histológico. Resultados: Los resultados mostraron un nivel de ALP significativamente (p <0.05) más alto en el grupo AlCl3 en comparación con el control, así como en los otros grupos de prueba. Sin embargo, no hubo niveles significativos (p> 0.05) de AST y ALT. El hipocampo CA3 del grupo AlCl3 mostró células hipertróficas, y algunas de las células tenían características cariorrecticas. Los grupos de AlCl3 concurrentes y dosis bajas y altas, MOLE mostraron menos de estas características adversas. Conclusión: Estos resultados sugieren que MOLE puede proteger las actividades enzimáticas contra el cloruro de aluminio. Sin embargo, su acción sobre el hipocampo aún está sujeta a más investigaciones
Tumor fibroso solitario pleural. Aspectos clínico-patológicos a propósito de un caso.
No full textPleural fibrous tumor is a rare medical entity, considered a benign tumor. It accounts for 5-8% of primary pleura tumors.
We report the case of a 59-year-old, non-smoking male patient with a 3-month history of liquid bowel movements, associated with asthenia, weight loss and costal grill pain. He was admitted to the Gastroenterology Service of the Hermanos Ameijeiras Surgical Clinical Hospital, Havana, Cuba. He was given a chest x-ray, observing as an accidental finding a tumor mass in the cardiac region, so he decides to interconsult with the Pneumology service. Chest tomography showed tumor mass in the lower third of left hemitórax, the histological and immunohistochemical study was compatible with a pleural solitary fibrous tumor.
Conclusions of this work suggest that for the precise diagnosis of this type of tumor it is necessary to perform a chest axial tomography and a detailed histopathological analysis.El tumor fibroso pleural es una entidad médica poco frecuente, considerado una tumoración benigna. Representa entre el 5-8 % de los tumores primarios de pleura.
Reportamos el caso de un paciente de sexo masculino de 59 años, no fumador con historia de 3 meses de deposiciones líquidas, asociadas a astenia, pérdida de peso y dolor en parrilla costal. Fue ingresado en el servicio de Gastroenterología del Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico Hermanos Ameijeiras, La Habana, Cuba. Se le realizó una radiografía de tórax, observándose como hallazgo accidental una masa tumoral en región para cardiaca, por lo que decide interconsultar con el servicio de Neumología. La tomografía de tórax evidenció una masa tumoral en el tercio inferior del hemitórax izquierdo, el estudio histológico e inmunohistoquímico fue compatible con un tumor fibroso solitario pleural.
Conclusiones de este trabajo apuntan a que para el diagnóstico preciso de este tipo de tumor es necesario realizar una tomografía axial de tórax y un análisis histopatológico detallado
Human anatomical dissection takes a compulsory break during Covid-19 pandemic
No full textThe outbreak of the coronavirus effects on people’s daily lives. Like nothing most people have experienced before. One of the many affected sectors is education In response to Covid-19 pandemic, medical education faculty have quickly transitioned the curriculum to online formats. But no matter the quality of the online resource, do not provide the same level of understanding of complex anatomical relationships as studying human bodies. Under restriction of social isolation because of Covid-19 pandemic, human anatomical dissection takes a compulsory break. Afterward students will come back to their essential training in dissection room
Impact of socioeconomic status on chronic control and complications of type 1 diabetes mellitus in users of glucose flash systems: a follow-up study
No full textBackground: This study investigates the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and glycemic control in individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) using flash glucose monitoring (FGM) devices within a public health system where these technologies are freely available and utilized according to recommended guidelines. Methods: A follow-up study of 1060 adults (mean age 47.4 ± 15.0 years, 49.0% women) with T1D, receiving care at three Spanish university hospitals that regularly employ the FGM system. SES was assessed using the Spanish Deprivation Index and the average annual net income per person. Glycemic data were collected over a 14-day follow-up period, including baseline glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels prior to sensor placement, the last available HbA1c levels, and FGM-derived glucose metrics. Individuals with sensor usage time < 70% were excluded. Chronic micro and macrovascular complications related to diabetes were documented. Regression models, adjusted for clinical variables, were employed to determine the impact of SES on optimal sensor control (defined as time in range (TIR) ≥ 70% with time below range < 4%) and disease complications. Results: The average follow-up was of 2 years. The mean TIR and the percentage of individuals with optimal control were higher in individuals in the highest SES quartile (64.9% ± 17.8% and 27.9%, respectively) compared to those in the lowest SES quartile (57.8 ± 17.4% and 12.1%) (p < 0.001). Regression models showed a higher risk of suboptimal control (OR 2.27, p < 0.001) and ischemic heart disease and/or stroke (OR 3.59, p = 0.005) in the lowest SES quartile. No association was observed between SES and the risk of diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy. FGM system improved HbA1c levels across all SES quartiles. Although individuals in the highest SES quartile still achieved a significantly lower value at the end of the follow-up 55 mmol/mol (7.2%) compared to those in the lowest SES quartile 60 mmol/mol (7.6%) (p < 0.001), the significant disparities in this parameter between the various SES groups were significantly reduced after FGM technology use. Conclusions: Socioeconomic status plays a significant role in glycemic control and complications in individuals with T1D, extending beyond access to technology and its proper utilization. The free utilization of FGM technology helps alleviate the impact of social inequalities on glycemic control. © 2024, The Author(s).Adela Valles Fernández Jose María Galván Román; Manuel Díaz Olalla; Manuel Gómez Gutiérrez; Comunidad de Madrid; Federación Española de Enfermedades Raras, FEDER; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ISCIII, (P2022/BMD7379)Universidad Autónoma de Chil
The Multiscale Principle in Nature (Principium luxuriæ): Linking Multiscale Thermodynamics to Living and Non-Living Complex Systems
No full textWhy do fractals appear in so many domains of science? What is the physical principle that generates them? While it is true that fractals naturally appear in many physical systems, it has so far been impossible to derive them from first physical principles. However, a proposed interpretation could shed light on the inherent principle behind the creation of fractals. This is the multiscale thermodynamic perspective, which states that an increase in external energy could initiate energy transport mechanisms that facilitate the dissipation or release of excess energy at different scales. Within this framework, it is revealed that power law patterns, and to a lesser extent, fractals, can emerge as a geometric manifestation to dissipate energy in response to external forces. In this context, the exponent of these power law patterns (thermodynamic fractal dimension (Formula presented.)) serves as an indicator of the balance between entropy production at small and large scales. Thus, when a system is more efficient at releasing excess energy at the microscopic (macroscopic) level, (Formula presented.) tends to increase (decrease). While this principle, known as Principium luxuriæ, may sound promising for describing both multiscale and complex systems, there is still uncertainty about its true applicability. Thus, this work explores different physical, astrophysical, sociological, and biological systems to attempt to describe and interpret them through the lens of the Principium luxuriæ. The analyzed physical systems correspond to emergent behaviors, chaos theory, and turbulence. To a lesser extent, the cosmic evolution of the universe and geomorphology are examined. Biological systems such as the geometry of human organs, aging, human brain development and cognition, moral evolution, Natural Selection, and biological death are also analyzed. It is found that these systems can be reinterpreted and described through the thermodynamic fractal dimension. Therefore, it is proposed that the physical principle that could be behind the creation of fractals is the Principium luxuriæ, which can be defined as “Systems that interact with each other can trigger responses at multiple scales as a manner to dissipate the excess energy that comes from this interaction”. That is why this framework has the potential to uncover new discoveries in various fields. For example, it is suggested that the reduction in (Formula presented.) in the universe could generate emergent behavior and the proliferation of complexity in numerous fields or the reinterpretation of Natural Selection. © 2024 by the authors.Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Advanced Gastric Cancer. Results Observed in a Private Regional Health Center
No full textGastric cancer (GC) is the fourth of oncological diseases in women and the first men. For advanced GC (AGC), surgery remains the treatment of choice, which involves performing gastrectomies and D2 lymphadenectomy. The aim of this study is to determine postoperative morbidity (POM), mortality, survival (SV) and recurrence in patients resected by AGC. Retrospective case series of patients with AGC undergoing gastrectomies and LD2, consecutively at the Clínica Mayor in Temuco, between the years 2008 and 2014. The outcome variable was SV. Other variables of interest were: POM, mortality and recurrence. Patients were followed clinically. Descriptive statistics were used, with measures of central tendency and dispersion. Twenty-two patients (68.2 % male) were operated, with a median age of 61 years. The most frequent location was subcardial (45.5 %); the most common type of resection was total gastrectomy (54.5 %). The medium surgical time, resection of lymph nodes, and hospital stay were 155 min, 24 and 6 days respectively. POM was 18.2 %. With a median follow up of 22.5 months, a global actuarial SV was verified to 5 years 37 %, and recurrence of 36.4 %. The results achieved, in terms of POM, mortality and SV series are comparable to national and international centers
Synthesis and theoretical study of a new family of pyrazole derivative
No full textPyrazole-containing molecules are key in the development of new pharmaceuticals or pesticides. Thus, we synthesize a new series of pyrazole derivates using the cycloaddition methods. The synthesized compounds present a (E)-4-((4-iodophenyl)diazenyl)-3,5-dimethyl-1-(R-phenyl)-1H-pyrazole structure. The compounds were characterized by UV-vis, FTIR, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR. Also, DFT and Hammet correlation calculations were performed over the whole family of derivatives. Our results demonstrate that the synthesized compound was obtained with a overall yield of 50 %. UV/Vis spectroscopic characterization shows that all compounds present three absorption bands related to the pyrazole ring, the -N=N- bond and benzene rings. Additionally, theoretical calculation shows that the dihedral angle decreases when the electron-attractive nature of the substituent of the pyrazole ring increases. Finally, Hammett correlation studied shows a good fit in some of the measured properties. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.Ministry of Economy, Development and Tourism-Chile; Nuclei on Catalytic Processes towards Sustainable Chemistry; Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico, FONDECYT, (1201880, 1231194); China Scholarship Council, CSC, (ACT210057, ANID-NCN2021_090, ANID/FONDAP/1523A0006
Reflexiones en torno a la naturaleza y ejecutoriedad de los dictámenes emitidos por los Comités de Supervisión de Tratados de Derechos Humanos en el ordenamiento español: la STS1263/2018, de 17 de julio
No full textEn su reciente sentencia 1263/2018, de 17 de julio, el Tribunal Supremo español vino a afirmar el carácter obligatorio/vinculante de un dictamen emitido por el Comité para la eliminación de la discriminación contra la mujer (CEDAW, por sus siglas en inglés). Además, el supremo órgano jurisdiccional español encontró una vía para ejecutar ese dictamen en el ordenamiento jurídico nacional.
El presente trabajo pretende aportar algo de luz en el debate sobre la naturaleza jurídica y las posibilidades de ejecución de estas resoluciones, emitidas por los comités de derechos humanos en el marco de sus respectivos procedimientos de comunicaciones individuales.
 
Agencias de Desarrollo Económico Local en América Latina. Estudio para su Modelización
No full textEn América Latina, los territorios poseen contrastes en su extensión y carac- terísticas físicas; cantidad de población y características sociales y culturales; marco jurídico nacional, regional y local; dotación de recursos económicos y financieros; capacidades institucionales; liderazgo de sus actores y capacidad de establecer alianzas, entre otros aspectos. Esta propuesta se enmarca en el estudio de los sistemas políticos municipales comparados en América Latina, identificando experiencias de agencias de de- sarrollo territorial en una muestra de países y analizando elementos comunes y diferenciadores para, de esta manera, reconocer modelos predominantes. Para recabar la información necesaria se confeccionó un cuestionario en español y portugués a ser respondido por las Agencias de Desarrollo Local, en adelante ADL, que permitió analizar diferentes variables fundamentales para su tipificación. El ajuste de los datos obtenidos a una matriz compleja permitió interpretar la información relevada para conocer de manera comparada las políticas de desarrollo económico local en los sistemas municipales latinoamericanos
Estudio de la Situación Financiera y la Acreditación Institucional de las Universidades Estatales de Chile Dentro del Periodo 2013 a 2017
No full textEn las últimas décadas Chile, ha adoptado un modelo de desarrollo coherente entre los intereses de los grupos económicos relevantes, en los distintos espectros de la vida social, ya sea en los ámbitos financieros, políticos o culturales. Claramente, es posible observar que la tendencia hacia la economía de mercado, ha sido adoptada en forma consensual a nivel de las elites y en los hechos, lo que ha generado una mirada relativamente común sobre el desarrollo en Chile.
Un breve resumen de este modelo de desarrollo al que se hace alusión, es la fusión de una economía de mercado abierta y una democracia formal y consensual en lo político. Por su parte, la disputa de las universidades del concejo de rectores de propiedad estatal que se han agrupado en el Consorcio de Universidades Estatales de Chile, con la contrapartida de las 6 de propiedad privada que fueron creadas con anterioridad a 1981, que se han agrupado en la Red de Universidades Cruz del Sur. Una mirada superficial del asunto podría indicar que detrás de esta disputa existen intereses por influenciar en la estructura de financiamiento que el Estado tiene con estas universidades, lo que implica una reconfiguración de la concepción clásica de lo entendido por universidades públicas o privadas (Ojeda:2010).
Junto a la estructura del sistema, puntualmente se busca analizar desde el punto de vista financiero, la situación de las universidades públicas chilenas y realizar un análisis comprehensivo del sistema de educación superior chileno en general y en particular a nivel de las universidades estatales