Repositorio académico de acceso abierto (Univ. Autonóma de Chile)
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La infraestructura económica y social en el Jalisco urbano, México
No full textSe plantean los primeros resultados del proyecto de investigación “La infraestructura económica y social en el crecimiento económico de municipios urbanos de Jalisco, México, 2005-2015”, donde se contrasta como la infraestructura impacta en el crecimiento. Esto permitirá identificar si en los municipios donde existe un alto nivel de infraestructura, se experimentan mejoras en las condiciones de la población. Adicional se analizó el comportamiento de indicadores como el PIB, el grado de marginación y el índice de especialización, para comparar los rasgos que poseen los municipios urbanos de Jalisco. El objetivo es analizar como estos indicadores se comportan en los municipios, con el fin de identificar relaciones existentes entre las condiciones económicas y sociales con el índice de infraestructura. 
Orden y cronología de brote de dientes temporales
No full textThe order and chronology of the temporary tooth eruption is an expression of the child's growth and influences his later dental development. Having knowledge about the average age of emergence of each tooth is useful to establish a diagnosis, prevention and treatment of malocclusions, for which the objective of this research is to characterize the pattern of emergence of primary dentition in children in Cerro district, Havana, Cuba. For this, a descriptive observational study was designed in 370 children of both sexes between 0 and 36 months of age, in said clinic during September / 2017 to January / 2020. The variables were studied: age, sex, tooth, hemiarcade and chronology of the dental outbreak. Frequency distributions were made to all the variables under study and the results are presented in statistical tables. The t-Student test was used to verify significant differences. The main results obtained were that the teeth of the maxillary arch erupted before those of the mandibular, except for the central incisors and the lower left lateral incisor. Although the fact that the dental flare began first in males in both arches (5,86 months in the maxilla, ± 0,92; and in the mandible 4,92 months ± 1,09), the time period of outbreak was somewhat faster in females (19,83 months in the maxilla and 21,64 months in the mandible) and males (20,26 months and 22,16 months), but without significant differences (p <0, 05). It is concluded that the eruption pattern was similar to that described in the literature, except for slight advancement for the central incisors and delay in second primary molars.El orden y cronología del brote dentario temporal es una expresión del crecimiento del niño e influye en su posterior desarrollo dental y maxilofacial. Tener un conocimiento sobre la edad promedio de brote de cada diente es útil para establecer un diagnóstico, prevención y tratamiento de maloclusiones por lo cual el objetivo de esta investigación es caracterizar el patrón de brote de la dentición temporal en niños y niñas del municipio Cerro, La Habana, Cuba. Para ello se diseñó un estudio observacional descriptivo en 370 niños de ambos sexos entre 0 a 36 meses de edad, el estudio se desarrolló entre septiembre de 2017 a enero de 2020. Se estudiaron las variables: edad, sexo, diente, hemiarcada y cronología del brote dentario. Se realizaron distribuciones de frecuencia a todas las variables en estudio y se presentan los resultados en tablas estadísticas. Se utilizó la prueba t-Student para verificar las diferencias significativas. Los resultados principales obtenidos fueron que los dientes de maxilares brotaron antes que los mandibulares, a excepción de los incisivos centrales y el incisivo lateral inferior izquierdo. A pesar de que el brote dentario comenzó primero en individuos de sexo masculino en ambas arcadas (5,86 meses en el maxilar, ± 0,92; y en la mandíbula 4,92 meses ± 1,09), el período de tiempo de brote fue algo más rápido en el sexo femenino (19,83 meses en el maxilar y 21,64 meses en la mandíbula ) y los masculinos (20,26 meses y 22,16 meses), pero sin diferencias significativas (p<0,05). Se concluye que el patrón de brote fue similar al descrito en la literatura, excepto por discreto adelanto para los incisivos centrales y retraso en segundos molares temporales
The effects of time-restricted eating versus habitual diet on inflammatory cytokines and adipokines in the general adult population: a systematic review with meta-analysis
No full textBackground: Time-restricted eating (TRE) may facilitate weight loss, but its impact on inflammation remains unclear. Chronic inflammation can detrimentally increase risk of obesity-associated comorbidities. Objectives: The aim of this systematic review was to synthesize and determine the effects of TRE on cytokine and adipokines (C-reactive protein [CRP], TNF alpha [TNF-α], interleukin-6 [IL-6], leptin, and adiponectin) in adults. Methods: PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Web of Science were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs to determine the effects of TRE on cytokines and adipokines in adults up to 23 June, 2023. Risk of bias was assessed using risk of Bias 2 tool for RCTs and the ROBINS-I for non-RCTs. The standardized mean differences (SMDs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated with the DerSimonian–Laird method through random-effect models. The PRISMA recommendations were followed. Results: A total of 25 studies (13 RCTs, 12 non-RCTs) involving 936 participants were included. The pooled SMD for the effect of TRE compared with the control group on cytokines and adipokines was −0.11 (95% CI: −0.33, 0.12; I2 = 19.7%; n = 10 comparisons) for CRP; −0.25 (95% CI: −0.47, −0.03; I2 = 0%; n = 11 comparisons) for TNF-α; −0.09 (95% CI: −0.39, 0.21; I2 = 16.4%; n = 8 comparisons) for IL-6; −0.81 (95% CI: −1.37, −0.24; I2 = 65.3%; n = 5 comparisons) for leptin; and 0.07 (95% CI: −0.40, 0.54; I2 = 56.9%; n = 6 comparisons) for adiponectin. Conclusions: Time-restricted eating may be an effective approach to reduce TNF-α and leptin levels in the general adult population. This review was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42022358162. © 2023 American Society for NutritionUniversity of Adelaide; Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte, MECD, (FPU 19/00167)Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms in Spanish adolescents: results from the EHDLA study
No full textDepression and anxiety are prevalent and disabling conditions among adolescents. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) and depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms in adolescents. This cross-sectional study included a sample of 698 adolescent students from a region of Spain (mean age of 13.9 ± 1.5 years; 56.2% girls). Adherence to the MD was evaluated with the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index in children and adolescents (KIDMED). Mental health symptoms were measured with the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Logistic regression models were performed, including a wide range of potential confounders. Compared to individuals with low adherence to the MD, those with moderate and high adherence had lower odds of experiencing depressive symptoms (odds ratio [OR] = 0.40, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.24–0.65 and OR = 0.33, 95% CI 0.20–0.55, respectively), which were statistically significant even after adjustment. No significant associations were found regarding anxiety or stress symptoms. Therefore, according to our results, higher adherence to the MD is inversely related to having depressive symptoms among adolescents, regardless of socioeconomic, anthropometric, and lifestyle factors. Considering the deleterious effects of mental health problems in youths, further research on the role of nonpharmacological strategies for the prevention and treatment of depressive symptoms in adolescence is essential. © 2024, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany
Effect of physical activity on the relationship between adiposity and cardiac autonomic modulation in female breast cancer survivors: a longitudinal study
No full textThis longitudinal study aimed to analyze the influence of physical activity (PA) on the relationship between body adiposity and cardiac autonomic modulation (CAM) in women survivors of breast cancer. We collected body adiposity through electrical bioimpedance considering body fat percentage (BFP), CAM through heart rate variability (considering RMSSD, SDNN, PNN50, LF (m2), HF (m2), SD1 indexes and SD1/SD2 ratio) and PA through a questionnaire in 64 participants (58.0 ± 9.6 years), recruited through the local association of support for breast cancer and by direct indications from city mastologists. After insertion of PA into the multivariate statistical model, significant attenuation was observed in the relationship between body adiposity and CAM for the indices: SDNN (β = −0.94; 95 percent CI: −1.93; 0.04; p =.060) and SD1/SD2 (β = −0.01;95 percent CI = −0.02; 0.001; p =.065). In conclusion, it was observed that PA was able to mitigate the relationships between BFP and CAM (considering SDNN index and SD1/SD2 ratio) in breast cancer survivors. © 2024 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, CAPES; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPq, (305886/2022-3, 308954/2021-1
Rehabilitation Treatment with Plural Fixed Prosthesis Supported on Two Osseointegration Implants in Anterior Sector Toothless Patient
No full textA case of a man 44 years in dental clinics attended at the Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco, which has no central and lateral incisors of both jaws occurs. In the first instance the anterior maxilla was rehabilitated through plural supported fixed prostheses four units on two implants osseointegrated in the space of the upper lateral incisors (absent)
Predictores de las Conductas de Autocuidado para Prevenir el Contagio de COVID-19 en Chile
No full textThe COVID-19 pandemic has become the main epidemiological crisis of the century, leading to the adoption of various self-care behaviors. The effectiveness of these preventive strategies depends on the adherence of the population. The objective was to establish predictors of adherence to self-care behaviors for the prevention of COVID-19 transmission in the Chilean population aged 18 and above. A non-probabilistic sample of 1,033 individuals completed a virtual questionnaire using a cross-sectional design. Self-report scales were used to assess risk perception, pro-care norms, and self-care behaviors against COVID-19. Using hierarchical multiple regressions, it was found that gender, risk perception, and pro-care norms against COVID-19 significantly and directly predicted the use of masks, hygiene behaviors, and social distancing. Age only predicted higher adherence to hygiene behaviors, and socioeconomic status only predicted the use of masks and social distancing. In all self-care behaviors, the interaction between risk perception and pro-care norms suggested that at low levels of pro-care norms, risk perception enhances the adoption of these behaviors. Based on these findings, it is suggested to develop strategies that promote self-care behaviors based on risk perception, considering variables such as gender, age, and socioeconomic status, through the creation and maintenance of pro-care norms that take into account the relationships between individuals and significant others in the perception of the positive evaluation of their health behaviors. © 2022 by PsykheUniversidad Autónoma de Chil
Dissecting the complex genetic basis of pre- and post-harvest traits in Vitis vinifera L. using genome-wide association studies
No full textAddressing the pressing challenges in agriculture necessitates swift advancements in breeding programs, particularly for perennial crops like grapevines. Moving beyond the traditional biparental quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) encompassing 588 Vitis vinifera L. cultivars from a Chilean breeding program, spanning three seasons and testing 13 key yield-related traits. A strong candidate gene, Vitvi11g000454, located on chromosome 11 and related to plant response to biotic and abiotic stresses through jasmonic acid signaling, was associated with berry width and holds potential for enhancing berry size in grape breeding. We also mapped novel QTL associated with post-harvest traits across chromosomes 2, 4, 9, 11, 15, 18, and 19, broadening our grasp on the genetic intricacies dictating fruit post-harvest behavior, including decay, shriveling, and weight loss. Leveraging gene ontology annotations, we drew parallels between traits and scrutinized candidate genes, laying a robust groundwork for future trait-feature identification endeavors in plant breeding. We also highlighted the importance of carefully considering the choice of the response variable in GWAS analyses, as the use of best linear unbiased estimators (BLUEs) corrections in our study may have led to the suppression of some common QTL in grapevine traits. Our results underscore the imperative of pioneering non-destructive evaluation techniques for long-term conservation traits, offering grape breeders and cultivators insights to improve post-harvest table grape quality and minimize waste. © The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nanjing Agricultural University.ANID FONDECYT, (11161044); Beatriz Galindo Program, (BEAGAL18/00115); CORFO INNOVA, (09PMG-7229); CORFO-UC, (13CEI2-21852, 501453-70); MINAGRI, (500495-70); Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, INIA; Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, H2020, (818144); Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, H2020; Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, UPM; Agencia Estatal de Investigación, AEI, (SEV-2016- 0672); Agencia Estatal de Investigación, AEI; Ministerio de Educación y Formación Profesional, MEFPUniversidad Autónoma de Chil
Maxillary Sinus Floor Elevation for Dental Implants: Revision Results of Research Oriented to Bone Regeneration
No full textResearch oriented to bone regeneration and reconstruction has been growing and national and international research teams have complied with the development of sustained and sustainable research criteria. The aim of this work is to present the results of investigations realized by different centers to which the author is affiliated, making an analysis of maxillary sinus reconstruction for dental implants. We revised research during the last 6 years related to the surgical technique, anatomical analyses, and definition, as well as choice of bone graft. We determined the main conclusions of the analyses, innovative research to optimize efficiency in major sinus reconstruction was established, as was the technique modification for different cases
Los consumidores como sujetos de tutela: Una mirada desde las normas antimonopólicas, de competencia leal y de protección del consumo
No full textSe abordará la discusión en torno a los ámbitos de protección del consumidor en el orden público económico. Específicamente, en el ámbito de la normativa de libre competencia, de protección de derechos de los consumidores y la regulación de la competencia desleal. Para lograr este propósito, diferenciaremos entre protección directa e indirecta, concluyendo que el bienestar del consumidor no es parte de la tutela dispensada por la legislación antimonopólica