Repositorio académico de acceso abierto (Univ. Autonóma de Chile)
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Caspase-3 cleaved tau impairs mitochondrial function through the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore
No full textMitochondrial dysfunction is a significant factor in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previous studies have demonstrated that the expression of tau cleaved at Asp421 by caspase-3 leads to mitochondrial abnormalities and bioenergetic impairment. However, the underlying mechanism behind these alterations and their impact on neuronal function remains unknown. To investigate the mechanism behind mitochondrial dysfunction caused by this tau form, we used transient transfection and pharmacological approaches in immortalized cortical neurons and mouse primary hippocampal neurons. We assessed mitochondrial morphology and bioenergetics function after expression of full-length tau and caspase-3-cleaved tau. We also evaluated the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening and its conformation as a possible mechanism to explain mitochondrial impairment induced by caspase-3 cleaved tau. Our studies showed that pharmacological inhibition of mPTP by cyclosporine A (CsA) prevented all mitochondrial length and bioenergetics abnormalities in neuronal cells expressing caspase-3 cleaved tau. Neuronal cells expressing caspase-3-cleaved tau showed sustained mPTP opening which is mostly dependent on cyclophilin D (CypD) protein expression. Moreover, the impairment of mitochondrial length and bioenergetics induced by caspase-3-cleaved tau were prevented in hippocampal neurons obtained from CypD knock-out mice. Interestingly, previous studies using these mice showed a prevention of mPTP opening and a reduction of mitochondrial failure and neurodegeneration induced by AD. Therefore, our findings showed that caspase-3-cleaved tau negatively impacts mitochondrial bioenergetics through mPTP activation, highlighting the importance of this channel and its regulatory protein, CypD, in the neuronal damage induced by tau pathology in AD. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.Fondo de Ciencia y Tecnología; National Institutes of Health, NIH, (AG073121, HL144776); Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, UAdeC; Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico, FONDECYT, (1200178); Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo, ANI
Low-Chloride Diet Prevents the Development of Arterial Hypertension and Protects Kidney Function in Angiotensin II-Infused Mice
No full textIntroduction: A comprehensive pathophysiological mechanism to explain the relationship between high-salt intake and hypertension remains undefined. Evidence suggests that chloride, as the accompanying anion of sodium in dietary salt, is necessary to develop hypertension. We evaluated whether reducing dietary Cl? while keeping a standard Na+ intake modified blood pressure, cardiac hypertrophy, renal function, and vascular contractility after angiotensin II (AngII) infusion. Methods: C56BL/6J mice fed with standard Cl? diet or a low-Cl? diet (equimolar substitution of Cl? by a mixture of Na+ salts, both diets with standard Na+ content) received AngII (infusion of 1.5 mg/kg/ day) or vehicle for 14 days. We measured systolic blood pressure (SBP), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), natriuretic response to acute saline load, and contractility of aortic rings from mice infused with vehicle and AngII, in standard and low-Cl? diet. Results: The mice fed the standard diet presented increased SBP and cardiac hypertrophy after AngII infusion. In contrast, low-Cl? diet prevented the increase of SBP and cardiac hypertrophy. AngII-infused mice fed a standard diet presented hampered natriuretic response to saline load, meanwhile the low-Cl? diet preserved natriuretic response in AngII-infused mice, without change in GFR. Aortic rings from mice fed with standard diet or low-Cl? diet and infused with AngII presented a similar contractile response. Conclusion: We conclude that the reduction in dietary Cl? as the accompanying anion of sodium in salt is protective from AngII pro-hypertensive actions due to a beneficial effect on kidney function and preserved natriuresis. © 2024 The Author(s). Published by S. Karger AG, Basel.Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases; FONDECYT-Regular, (1171869, 1211949); CONICYT-Doctorado, (2115034
Editorial: Los Grupos Estratégicos como Herramienta de Posicionamiento Estratégico
No full textLos Grupos Estratégicos como Herramienta de Posicionamiento Estratégic
Administración Pública dialógica: en busca de la concretización isonómica de derechos fundamentales en Brasil
No full textEl presente artículo, a partir del reconocimiento de la aplicabilidad inmediata de los derechos fundamentales sociales y teniendo en cuenta que la Constitución de la República de Brasil establece un Estado Democrático y Social de Derecho y, considerando el deber constitucional de la Administración de implementar esos derechos, presenta la posibilidad de la adopción de mecanismos de diálogo en la actuación administrativa, a fin de compatibilizar la Administración Pública con la Constitución, especialmente para que, a partir de participaciones sociales dialógicas, se concreten los derechos fundamentales sociales anticipadamente y de forma isonómica, en sus dimensiones subjetivas y objetivas. La propuesta tiene como presupuesto la constatación del volumen de demandas judiciales con el fin de concretar derechos fundamentales sociales, pero dichas decisiones producen efectos a menudo no isonómicos y con reducido potencial de concreción de derechos fundamentales sociales. Así es que, a partir del método hipotético-deductivo, se presenta la Administración Pública dialógica con la utilización de procedimientos democráticos de diálogo con la colectividad, para que puedan ser cosechadas las reales necesidades y eventuales soluciones a la concretización anticipada e isonómica de los derechos fundamentales sociales, especialmente en su dimensión objetiva
Effects of high-intensity interval training on depressive and anxiety symptoms in healthy individuals: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
No full textAlthough evidence regarding the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on mental health has increased in recent years, there is still no consensus regarding the effects of HIIT on the symptoms of depression and anxiety in a healthy population. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to investigate the effects of HIIT on depressive and/or anxiety symptoms in healthy individuals. The following four databases were searched: PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and PsycINFO. Only randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were included. We performed a random-effects meta-analysis based on standardized mean difference (SMD). The risk of bias was assessed using the RoB 2.0 tool, and the certainty of the evidence was evaluated based on recommendations GRADE. Eight RCTs evaluating 471 participants (81% female) were considered eligible for inclusion. The results of the meta-analysis showed that HIIT-based interventions had no significant effect on reducing anxiety (SMD = −0.17; 95% CI: −0.53, 0.19; p = 0.27) and depressive symptoms (SMD = −0.38; 95% CI: −1.06, 0.30; p = 0.17) compared with the passive control group. In conclusion, HIIT does not improve symptoms of depression and anxiety in healthy individuals. This finding is based on evidence of very low certainty. Therefore, the evidence is still not consistent enough to support HIIT as a viable strategy to reduce both outcomes because of the limited number of included studies and the overall quality of evidence. © 2024 The Authors. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science In Sports published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Universidade Federal do Pará, UFPAUniversidad Autónoma de Chil
A Review of the Functional Characteristics and Applications of Aristotelia chilensis (Maqui Berry), in the Food Industry
No full textThe Aristotelia chilensis (Mol.) Stuntz, also known as Maqui, is an endemic berry native to southern Chile. It is a very popular berry for its nutritional attributes and health benefits, provided mainly by its polyphenols. This review aims to investigate the Maqui and its nutritional characteristics, its health benefits, and the application of Maqui in the food industry. This fruit provides 150 calories per 100 g of product and has a low protein content and a high fiber content. Its seeds contain monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs); however, its most outstanding feature is its high value of bioactive compounds, mainly anthocyanins, indole alkaloids and flavonoids, coumarins, caffeic and ferulic acids, and delphinidin 3-O-β-glucoside, the latter being the most representative, providing Maqui with high antioxidant activity. Maqui is considered a fruit of high interest as a nutraceutical product for the control and prevention of ongoing diseases, and among its benefits, we can highlight glycemic and metabolic control; the control and prevention of obesity, cancer, cognitive decline, and dementia; the prevention and treatment of bone structure alterations; prevention against oxidative stress, particularly in cigarette smoke-induced stress. In addition to its nutraceutical use, Maqui has been used in the food industry to improve the shelf life (by controlling lipid oxidation) and nutritional value of food products and as a substitute for synthetic additives. In addition, the inclusion of Maqui improves the organoleptic and sensory characteristics of foods. The incorporation of this fruit has been observed mainly in drinks, meat products, bakery products, and milk products. Evidence has shown that Maqui consumption, as well as products with Maqui added, have a good acceptability and exert benefits on people’s health. Knowledge about the application of Maqui in food will allow us to create new nutraceutical and food products that improve their nutritional and functional value. © 2024 by the authors.Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Association between a lifestyle score and all-cause mortality: a prospective analysis of the Chilean National Health Survey 2009–2010
No full textObjective: To investigate the association between a lifestyle score and all-cause mortality in the Chilean population. Design: Prospective study. Settings: The score was based on seven modifiable behaviours: salt intake, fruit and vegetable intake, alcohol consumption, sleep duration, smoking, physical activity and sedentary behaviours. 1-point was assigned for each healthy recommendation. Points were summed to create an unweighted score from 0 (less healthy) to 7 (healthiest). According to their score, participants were then classified into: less healthy (0–2 points), moderately healthy (3–4 points) and the healthiest (5–7 points). Associations between the categories of lifestyle score and all-cause mortality were investigated using Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for confounders. Nonlinear associations were also investigated. Participants: 2706 participants from the Chilean National Health Survey 2009–2010. Results: After a median follow-up of 10·9 years, 286 (10·6 %) participants died. In the maximally adjusted model, and compared with the healthiest participants, those less healthy had 2·55 (95 % CI 1·75, 3·71) times higher mortality risk due to any cause. Similar trends were identified for the moderately healthy group. Moreover, there was a significant trend towards increasing the mortality risk when increasing unhealthy behaviours (hazard ratio model 3: 1·61 (95 % CI 1·34, 1·94)). There was no evidence of nonlinearity between the lifestyle score and all-cause mortality. Conclusion: Individuals in the less healthy lifestyle category had higher mortality risk than the healthiest group. Therefore, public health strategies should be implemented to promote adherence to a healthy lifestyle across the Chilean population. © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Nutrition Society.Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Experiencia de Terapia Asistida con Animales en la Unidad de Odontopediatría
No full textChildren and youth with special health care needs, belongs to a group of individuals presenting several health issues of variable complexity and special care needs in health, one of them a successful dental treatment. The high prevalence of oral pathologies is not the only complication we found in dental attention; there are also behaviour and communication disorders, affecting the cooperation level in dental treatment. In spite of the limitations previously mentioned, different adaptations and techniques have surged in order to achieve a successful dental treatment. In this article we describe animal assisted therapy as a useful complementary method for pediatric dental treatment. Objective: Describe the experience of animal assisted therapy in pediatric dentistry treatment of children and youth with special health care needs. Methods: Descriptive-retrospective study performed in 2019, revision of 32 clinical digital records of Hospital, of children and youth with special health care needs, ages between 4-13 years old, and their pediatric dentistry treatment records with animal assisted therapy. Results: 32 patients with dental treatment, in 26 patients (81.25%) dental treatment was successful; 36 dental procedures were performed, 19 invasive and 17 non invasive. Conclusion: The implementation of animal assisted therapy as a complement of pediatric dentistry treatment had a high acceptance and allowed successful invasive and non invasive dental procedures in children and youth with special health care needs.Los niños y adolescentes con necesidades especiales de atención en Salud corresponden a un grupo de individuos que presentan distintos problemas de salud de complejidad variable, siendo una de éstas la atención dental exitosa. La alta prevalencia de patologías orales no es la única complicación al atender a pacientes pediátricos con necesidades especiales de atención en Salud, se suman alteraciones del comportamiento y comunicación, afectando el nivel de cooperación en la atención. A pesar de las limitaciones previamente mencionadas, han surgido diversas adaptaciones y técnicas para conseguir realizar un tratamiento odontológico. En este artículo se describe la terapia asistida con animales como un método complementario beneficioso en la atención de odontopediatría. El objetivo es describir la experiencia de la implementación de terapia asistida con animales, en el tratamiento Odontológico de Niños y Adolescentes con Necesidades Especiales de Atención en Salud. El método usado es el estudio descriptivo - retrospectivo del año 2019, revisión de 32 registros clínicos del sistema de atención digital del hospital, de pacientes pediátricos con necesidades especiales de atención en Salud entre 4 y 13 años, atendidos en odontopediatría con apoyo de terapia asistida por animales.Los resultados muestran que 32 pacientes pediátricos que recibieron atención dental, donde en 26 (81.25%) la intervención dental fue exitosa. Se realizaron en total 36 procedimientos odontológicos, 19 invasivos y 17 no invasivos. La implementación de terapia asistida con animales como complemento de la atención odontopediátrica tuvo una gran aceptación y permitió la realización con éxito de procedimientos dentales invasivos o no invasivos en población pediátrica con necesidades especiales de atención en Salud.
Santiago, Providencia y Las Condes ¿participación de fachada?
No full textEste artículo analiza la aplicación de la Ley 20.500 Sobre Asociaciones y Participación Ciudadana en la Gestión Pública, en tres municipios de la Región Metropolitana emblemáticos para las clases política chilena. Los casos seleccionados fueron Santiago, Providencia y Las Condes. Los resultados muestran que es la propia Ley 20.500 que ha puesto barreras a la participación ciudadana local y las falencias de la normativa no permiten un adecuado desarrollo de la participación ciudadana a nivel local.
La metodología considera análisis cualitativo e interpretativo. Incluyendo actividades como entrevistas a personas claves, recopilación y análisis de datos. 
Immunohistochemical detection of PIEZO1 and PIEZO2 in human digital Meissner´s corpuscles
No full textBackground: The cutaneous end organ complexes or cutaneous sensory corpuscles are specialized sensory organs associated to low-threshold mechanoreceptors. Mechano-gated proteins forming a part of ion channels have been detected in both the axon and terminal glial cells of Meissner corpuscles, a specific cutaneous end organ complex in the human glabrous skin. The main candidates to mechanotransduction in Meissner corpuscles are members of the Piezo family of cationic ion channels. PIEZO2 has been detected in the axon of these sensory structures whereas no data exists about the occurrence and cell localization of PIEZO1. Methods: Skin samples (n = 18) from the palmar aspect of the distal phalanx of the first and second fingers were analysed (8 female and 10 males; age range 26 to 61 26–61 years). Double immunofluorescence for PIEZO1 and PIEZO2 together with axonal or terminal glial cell markers was captured by laser confocal microscopy, and the percentage of PIEZOs positive Meissner corpuscles was evaluated. Results: MCs from human fingers showed variable morphology and degree of lobulation. Regarding the basic immunohistochemical profile, in all cases the axons were immunoreactive for neurofilament proteins, neuron specific enolase and synaptophysin, while the lamellar cells displayed strong S100P immunoreactivity. PIEZO1 was detected co-localizing with axonal markers, but never with terminal glial cell markers, in the 56% of Meissner corpuscles; weak but specific immunofluorescence was additionally detected in the epidermis, especially in basal keratinocytes. Similarly, PIEZO2 immunoreactivity was found restricted to the axon in the 85% of Meissner corpuscles. PIEZO2 positive Merkel cells were also regularly found. Conclusions: PIEZO1 and PIEZO2 are expressed exclusively in the axon of a subpopulation of human digital Meissner corpuscles, thus suggesting that not only PIEZO2, but also PIEZO1 may be involved in the mechanotransduction from low-threshold mechanoreceptors. © 2023 The AuthorsGobierno del Principado de Asturias, GPAUniversidad Autónoma de Chil