Repositorio académico de acceso abierto (Univ. Autonóma de Chile)
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The Effects of a Physical Activity Intervention on Adiposity, Physical Fitness and Motor Competence: A School-Based, Non-Randomized Controlled Trial
No full textEvidence suggests that early physical activity interventions are a means of preventing childhood obesity and are more effective when delivered in a school setting and based on the ecological model. Therefore, the present study aims to determine the effect of a multicomponent intervention based on the ecological model on adiposity, physical fitness and motor competence in children aged 4 to 5 years. Methods: This study is a non-randomized controlled trial involving 173 children from Chile. The intervention was based on an ecological model and consisted of a physical activity program with three simultaneous parts, affecting intra- and interpersonal dimensions. The adiposity index, body mass index and waist circumference were measured. For physical fitness, muscle strength in the lower part, speed/agility and cardiorespiratory fitness were measured. Motor competence was assessed using catching, aiming and dynamic and static balance tests. Results: After the intervention, there was no reduction in adiposity indices; in the intervention group, body mass index increased significantly with a high effect size. The intervention group showed significant differences in physical fitness in the components of muscle strength in the lower part (p = 0.000) and speed/agility (p = 0.002). For motor competence, the intervention group showed significant improvements in most components. Conclusions: The multicomponent intervention did not reduce adiposity indices; however, it caused significant improvements in the physical fitness and motor competence components, so it seems prudent to continue implementing it, given the benefits that adequate levels of motor competence and physical fitness bring to children’s health, both in the short and long term. © 2024 by the authors.Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Factors and Mechanisms Involved in Eating Behavior: a Current Status at Molecular Biology
No full textBy studying the human genome and advances in molecular biology, currently can predict interactions between the genome and food components in order to obtain information about the role of diet in maintaining health and in the prevention, initiation, development and progression or severity of a disease like obesity. The aim of this review was to present the current understanding of the factors that normally regulate eating behavior alteration, and the mechanisms involved and associated with molecular biology. About 42 genes related to the regulation of feeding, expressing at the nucleus accumbens, ventral tegmental area, nucleus of the solitary tract, the lateral hypothalamus, arcuate nucleus, paraventricular, ventromedial and dorsomedial hypothalamus. There are specific brain mechanisms that regulate hunger and satiety, which would be in constant interaction with mechanisms known as "wanting" and "liking" circuits modulated by reward, pleasure and addiction. The phenotypic expression of eating behavior is complex by genetic variability, whose behavior is defined by the interaction of genetic condition (innate), environmental experience and learning (acquired characteristics), which structured eating behavior. Altering the genes and circuits involved would be involved as a cause in eating disorders
Management of Symptomatic Gallbladder Lithiasic Disease During Pregnancy
No full textThe objective of this research was to determine the type of management of symptomatic gallbladder lithiasic disease (GLD) in the Obrero Hospital No. 1, Bolivia. A Case Series study design from January to December 2013 was conducted. The prevalence of GLD in pregnant patients was 4.2% (18 patients), of which 12 (66.7%) were operated and 6 patients (33.3%) subjected to medical treatment. The mean age was 28.83 years (SD± 5.328). The preoperative diagnoses were acute or exacerbated GLD in 12 cases (66.6%), acute pancreatitis of lithiasic origin in 3 (16.7%) and obstructive jaundice due to choledocholithiasis in 3 cases (16.7%). The mean gestational age was 16.83 weeks (SD± 8.155). During the first trimester of pregnancy 5 cases (27.7%) were observed; during the second quarter 10 cases (55.6%) and 3 cases (16.7%) during the third trimester. Only 3 cases (16.6%) were nulliparous. Average leukocyte count was 10632 x mm³ (SD± 2748.038), and 66% had leukocytosis and left deviation. Of the 12 operated, 10 laparoscopic cholecystectomy were described and in two cases also bile duct exploration was performed. Balanced general anesthesia was used in 10 cases (83.4%), in one TIVA (total intravenous anaesthesia) (8.3%) and one spinal (8.3%). The pneumoperitoneum always performed with open Hasson technique. The average operative time was 47.5 minutes (SD± 16.989) and hospital stay of 5.44 days (SD± 3.568). Comparing stay, patients undergoing surgery have a longer hospital stay compared with those who received medical treatment (6.16 vs. 4 days). No fetal complications occurred, including maternal and fetal mortality or premature contractions requiring treatment. Laparoscopic surgery appears to be a safe option and may be the form of treatment when the GLD is persistently symptomatic, preferably during the second trimester of pregnancy
Pain neuroscience education for patients with chronic pain: A scoping review from teaching–learning strategies, educational level, and cultural perspective
No full textObjective: (1) To identify the characteristics of PNE programs in terms of teaching-learning strategies, session modality, content delivery format, number of sessions, total minutes and instructional support material used in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain, (2) to describe PNE adaptations for patients with different educational levels or cultural backgrounds, and (3) to describe the influence of the patient's educational level or cultural background on the effects of PNE. Methods: The PRISMA guideline for scoping reviews was followed. Nine databases were systematically searched up to July 8, 2023. Articles that examined clinical or psychosocial variables in adults with chronic musculoskeletal pain who received PNE were included. Results: Seventy-one articles were included. Studies found benefits of PNE through passive/active teaching-learning strategies with group/individual sessions. However, PNE programs presented great heterogeneity and adaptations to PNE were poorly reported. Most studies did not consider educational level and culture in the effects of PNE. Conclusions: Despite the large number of studies on PNE and increased interest in this intervention, the educational level and culture are poorly reported in the studies. Practical implications: It is recommended to use passive and/or active teaching-learning strategies provided in individual and/or group formats considering the patient's educational level and culture. © 2024 Elsevier B.V
Functional differences of cultivable leaf-associated microorganisms in the native Andean tree Gevuina avellana Mol. (Proteaceae) exposed to atmospheric contamination
No full textAims: This study aimed to evaluate and describe the functional differences of cultivable bacteria and fungi inhabiting the leaves of Gevuina avellana Mol. (Proteaceae) in an urban area with high levels of air pollution and in a native forest in the southern Andes. Methods and results: Phyllosphere microorganisms were isolated from the leaves of G. avellana, their plant growth-promoting capabilities were estimated along with their biocontrol potential and tolerance to metal(loid)s. Notably, plants from the urban area showed contrasting culturable leaf-associated microorganisms compared to those from the native area. The tolerance to metal(loid)s in bacteria range from 15 to 450 mg l−1 of metal(loid)s, while fungal strains showed tolerance from 15 to 625 mg l−1, being especially higher in the isolates from the urban area. Notably, the bacterial strain Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens and the fungal strain Cladosporium sp. exhibited several plant-growth-promoting properties along with the ability to inhibit the growth of phytopathogenic fungi. Conclusions: Overall, our study provides evidence that culturable taxa in G. avellana leaves is directly influenced by the sampling area. This change is likely due to the presence of atmospheric pollutants and diverse microbial symbionts that can be horizontally acquired from the environment. © The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Applied Microbiology International. All rights reserved.Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico, FONDECYT, (11220617); Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico, FONDECYT; Universidad de La Frontera, UFRO, (DI22-2004); Universidad de La Frontera, UFRO; Fondo de Fomento al Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico, FONDEF, (ID23I10303); Fondo de Fomento al Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico, FONDE
Cone-Beam Computed Tomography for the Evaluation of Dental Pulp Chamber Volume: Implications for Clinics and Teaching
No full textThe dental pulp chamber volume is a fundamental measurement in the field of endodontics, but also in forensic sciences, teaching and training, or tissue engineering. This study evaluates the precision of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in comparison with computed micro-tomography (micro-CT) in evaluating the pulp chamber volume of the upper central incisors ex vivo. The intra-operator and inter-operator errors were evaluated, and the results for the two techniques were compared with those of a T-test for paired samples. The intra-operator and inter-operator errors were >0.05, indicating adequate reproducibility in each operator and no significant differences between their measurements. On the other hand, no significant differences between the two measurement techniques were found. The present results demonstrate that CBCT is a precise, feasible, and reproducible technique for the evaluation of the dental pulp chamber volume ex vivo. The results provided with this method are useful for different medical domains but also for the teaching and training of undergraduate and postgraduate students. Furthermore, the findings of this study carry significant clinical implications, as the accurate assessment of the pulp chamber volume is critical in the diagnosis and treatment of various endodontic conditions. The ability of CBCT to provide reliable 3D dental anatomy measurements can enhance the planning of endodontic treatments by allowing for a better understanding of the internal tooth morphology. Additionally, the precision and reproducibility of CBCT in assessing the pulp chamber volume can contribute to improved clinical outcomes and reduced complications during endodontic procedures. These findings further support the increasingly vital role of CBCT in modern clinical practice and underscore its value as an indispensable tool in the field of dentistry. © 2024 by the authors.Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, CEU-UCH, (ICLINIC19/05); Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, CEU-UCHUniversidad Autónoma de Chil
SRIS and SDOM Constructs Associated with Sepsis
No full textSepsis is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) that is triggered by infection. On the other hand, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) is the failure of critical organ function in patients suffering from SIRS. Because SIRS and SDOM are consequences of excessive inflammatory activation. The aim of this article is to provide a review of some pathophysiological aspects of the SRIS / SDOM construct of infectious origin, using the acute cholangitis as an example of this chain of events
Physical activity habits associated with health variables in chilean male schoolchildren
No full textIntroduction: Physical inactivity is a factor that contributes to increased cardiometabolic risk, such as overweight and obesity in schoolchildren. Aim: To associate physical activity habits with morphological variables (body mass index [BMI], waist circumference [WC], body fat, and fat-free mass), blood pressure, glycemia, handgrip strength (HGS), and countermovement jump (CMJ) in Chilean male schoolchildren. In addition, to compare physically active (PA) schoolchildren to physically inactive (PI) schoolchildren on morphological variables, blood pressure, glycemia, HGS, and CMJ. Material and methods: A cross-sectional study analyzed 160 schoolchildren with a mean age of 7.12 4.5 years distributed into PA schoolchildren (n=75) and PI schoolchildren (n=85). A logistic regression was performed to identify the association between physical activity habits with factors of morphological variables (BMI, WC, body fat, and fat-free mass), blood pressure, glycemia, HGS, and CMJ. In addition, to compare the differences in physical activity habits (physically active vs. physically inactive), a student s t-Test was performed for independent samples. Results: Logistic regression showed that physical activity is protective factor against excess body fat of 46% (OR= 0.46; 95%CI= 0.22 to 0.95; p= 0.03), hyperglycemia of 25% (OR= 0.25; 95%CI= 0.12 to 0.51; p0.0001), high blood pressure of 31% (OR= 0.31; 95%CI= 0.15 to 0.67; p= 0.002), and HGS dominant hand of 40% (OR= 0.40; 95%CI= 0.19 to 0.83; p= 0.014). Conclusion: Physical activity protected against excess body fat, hyperglycemia, hypertension, and decreased HGS in Chilean male schoolchildren. PA schoolchildren exhibited lower body fat, reduced risk of hyperglycemia and hypertension, and improved HGS and CMJ compared to PI schoolchildren. © 2024 Sociedad espanola de dietetica. All rights reserved
New Perspectives on Delocalization Pathways in Aromatic Molecular Chameleons
No full textThis study comprehensively analyzes the magnetically induced current density of polycyclic compounds labeled as “aromatic chameleons” since they can arrange their π-electrons to exhibit aromaticity in both the ground and the lowest triplet state. These compounds comprise benzenoid moieties fused to a central skeleton with 4n π-electrons and traditional magnetic descriptors are biased due to the superposition of local magnetic responses. In the S0 state, our analysis reveals that the molecular constituent fragments preserve their (anti)aromatic features in agreement with two types of resonant structures: one associated with aromatic benzenoids and the other with a central antiaromatic ring. Regarding the T1 state, a global and diatropic ring current is revealed. Our aromaticity study is complemented with advanced electronic and geometric descriptors to consider different aspects of aromaticity, particularly important in the evaluation of excited state aromaticity. Remarkably, these descriptors consistently align with the general features on the main delocalization pathways in polycyclic hydrocarbons consisting of fused 4n π-electron rings. Moreover, our study demonstrates an inverse correlation between the singlet-triplet energy difference and the antiaromatic character of the central ring in S0. © 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH.Agenția Națională pentru Cercetare și Dezvoltare, ANCD; Vlaamse regering; Vrije Universiteit Brussel, VUB; Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo, ANID; Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, FWO; Vermont Studio Center, VSC; Vlaams Supercomputer Centrum, VSC; Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico, FONDECYT, (11130192, 1211128, 1230571); European Union′s Horizon 2020 research and innovation Maria Skłodowska‐Curie Actions, (945380, ECM‐02
MEU DINHEIRO, MINHAS REGRAS: TIPOS DE GASTOS DE CAMPANHA PARA PREFEITO NO BRASIL (2008-2016)
No full text¿Cuál es el efecto de los tipos de gasto de sobre votos en campañas para alcaldes municipales? El objetivo de este artículo es analizar cómo los tipos de gasto de las campañas electorales realizados por los candidatos a alcaldes de los municipales brasileños, en los años 2008, 2012 y 2016, contribuyen a la conquista de votos. Metodológicamente utilizamos estadística descriptiva y un modelo inferencial para probar la hipótesis de que gastos de campañas en la dimensión Publicidad / Propaganda tiene un efecto positivo y significativo sobre la probabilidad de conquista de votos, a medida que aumenta el número de electores en el municipio. Sistematizamos un banco de datos a partir de informaciones recogidas en el sitio electrónico del Tribunal Superior Electoral (TSE). Los resultados preliminares indican que (1) en los años analizados, el gasto en publicidad tuvo el promedio más alto; (2) gastos con la dimensión Estructura tiene efecto sobre el voto en ciudades menores; (3) por fin, cuanto mayor el colegio electoral, mayor el efecto del gasto en la dimensión Estrategia sobre la conquista de votos