Repositorio académico de acceso abierto (Univ. Autonóma de Chile)
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Libre circulación de inversiones en la Unión Europea en tiempos de COVID-19
No full textLas inversiones extranjeras han fluido como nunca durante las últimas décadas, en el marco de una aceptación generalizada de sus beneficios. Esta situación, sin embargo, comienza a alterarse de forma acelerada en múltiples lugares del planeta. La presencia de un entorno geoestratégico más complejo y la aproximación crítica de muchos Estados hacia la globalización y lo que ella significa, está consolidando una visión más cautelosa hacia la libre circulación de inversiones extranjeras que, entre otros efectos, se plasma en la elaboración de normativas más restrictivas.
La Unión Europea es un espacio económicamente integrado, muy abierto a las inversiones extranjeras y dotado además, de una política comercial común—todavía en construcción— que incluye a aquellas no es ajena a estos movimientos. Un espacio en el que, sin embargo, es igualmente patente el aumento del recurso a los mecanismos de screening de las inversiones extranjeras, constituyendo un síntoma adicional del momento de cambio que vive el Derecho de las inversiones internacionales, en un contexto de creciente cautela respecto de ellas
Análisis de la potestad reglamentaria de las ordenanzas municipales en el contexto del acoso callejero: noción, límites y rol en el escenario social. Estudio centrado en las ordenanzas municipales de acoso callejero de la Municipalidad de Las Condes y de la Municipalidad de Recoleta
No full textEl presente trabajo analiza la institución jurídica de las ordenanzas municipales, definidas como normas generales y obligatorias aplicables a la comunidad, en virtud de lo señalado por el artículo 12 de la Ley Nº 18.695. Para estos efectos, se analiza la potestad reglamentaria que el legislador le otorga a las municipalidades, entendidas como corporaciones autónomas de derecho público, en virtud de la cual, surge la figura de las ordenanzas municipales, con una serie de limitaciones formales y materiales, que buscan resguardar la jerarquía y valor innovativo en las leyes, posicionando a las ordenanzas municipales con un valor infralegal. Lo anterior, aplicado al contexto social del año 2018, donde en Chile fuimos testigos de un cambio de paradigma en cuanto a las luchas feministas, en virtud de las cuales, el acoso callejero fue parte de la discusión en los diversos sectores sociales, y las municipalidades no se abstrajeron de dicho debate, sino por el contrario, dictaron ordenanzas municipales que buscaban resguardar a las mujeres en contextos de acoso callejero. El análisis que este trabajo busca realizar es que las ordenanzas municipales por el mandato entregado por el legislador, se verían impedidas de regular el acoso callejero, ya que excede su materia de competencia, y les da una calidad innovativa a dichas ordenanzas. Agregando que el acoso callejero, como conducta reprochable, atenta contra la indemnidad sexual de las mujeres, y atenta contra sus garantías constitucionales, por lo que el bien jurídico que se busca resguardar requiere de una protección mayor, que sería a través de una ley. A todo lo anterior, esta autora no le resta mérito a dichas ordenanzas, ya que han sido importantes a la hora de enriquecer el debate sobre un tema de gran relevancia para las mujeres de nuestro país, pero no son suficientes, agregando además que éstas no pueden asumir una postura innovadora en la creación de derecho, bajo el riesgo de transgredir principios fundamentales a través de los cuales se construye nuestro Estado de Derecho, como lo es la separación de los poderes
Participación ciudadana en políticas de urbanismo en el Reino Unido. Una explicación desde el comportamiento ciudadano y el capital social
No full textEl sistema de planeación urbana de Londres se ha caracterizado por una fuerte participación del gobierno central en las políticas de urbanismo. En el año 2004 se consolidó un nuevo marco de desarrollo local para fomentar la participación de los ciudadanos. Las estrategias utilizadas fueron: 1) la implementación de la E-Planning, 2) el empoderamiento comunitario y 3) la medición y promoción del capital social. El siguiente artículo describirá el proceso de transformación institucional de Londres, posteriormente se describirán las limitaciones de las estrategias del gobierno para fomentar la participación ciudadana y finalmente será presentado un estudio de caso para explicar la relación del capital social con la participación de los ciudadanos en la regeneración urbana de Londres
Chilean Supreme Court ruling on the protection of brain activity: neurorights, personal data protection, and neurodata
No full textThis paper discusses a landmark ruling by the Chilean Supreme Court of August 9, 2023 dealing with the right to mental privacy, originated with an action for constitutional protection filed on behalf of Guido Girardi Lavin against Emotiv Inc., a North American company based in San Francisco, California that is commercializing the device “Insight.” This wireless device functions as a headset with sensors that collect information about the brain’s electrical activity (i.e., neurodata). The discussion revolves around whether neurodata can be considered personal data and whether they could be classified into a special category. The application of the present legislation on data (the most obsolete, such as the Chilean law, and the most recent EU law) does not seem adequate to protect neurodata. The use of neurodata raises ethical and legal concerns that are not fully addressed by current regulations on personal data protection. Despite not being necessarily considered personal data, neurodata represent the most intimate aspects of human personality and should be protected in light of potential new risks. The unique characteristics of neurodata, including their interpretive nature and potential for revealing thoughts and intentions, pose challenges for regulation. Current data protection laws do not differentiate between different types of data based on their informational content, which is relevant for protecting individual rights. The development of new technologies involving neurodata requires particular attention and careful consideration to prevent possible harm to human dignity. The regulation of neurodata must account for their specific characteristics and the potential risks they pose to privacy, confidentiality, and individual rights. The answer lies in the reconfiguration of human rights known as “neurorights” that goes beyond the protection of personal data. Copyright © 2024 Cornejo-Plaza, Cippitani and Pasquino.Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Migrant Men Living in Brazil during the Pandemic: A Qualitative Study
No full textThis study aims to analyze the repercussions of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic on the health of male immigrants, refugees, and asylum seekers in Brazil. A qualitative study involving 307 adult men living in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic was conducted. Data were collected between August 2021 and March 2022 and interpreted based on the Transcultural Nursing Theory. Cultural care repercussions were identified in various dimensions: technological: changes in daily life and disruptions in routine; religious, philosophical, social, and cultural values: changes stemming from disrupted social bonds, religious practices, and sociocultural isolation; political: experiences of political partisanship, conflicts, government mismanagement, a lack of immigration policies, human rights violations, and xenophobia; educational/economic: challenges arising from economic impoverishment, economic insecurity, unemployment, language difficulties, and challenges in academic and literacy development during the pandemic. The persistence of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil had significant repercussions for the health of migrant men, resulting in a transcultural phenomenon that requires sensitive nursing care. Implications for nursing: the uniqueness of cultural care in nursing and health, as most of the repercussions found were mostly negative, contributed to the increase in social and health vulnerabilities. © 2024 by the authors.Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Diagnostic Wax and Mock-up Technic Use and Property as a Diagnostic Method for the Performing Sector Anterior Composite Resins
No full textToday dental surgeries for cosmetic alterations have been increasing, considering that the anterior teeth are mainly seen when a person speaks or smiles, it makes it clear that these are essential actors in the aesthetics of a patient. However we must also worry about preserving and / or return of guides disclusion order to achieve a mutually protected occlusion. With technological advances that have occurred in this adhesion can be achieved by perfectly composed with a minimally invasive technique and lower cost resins. It is presented to view a patient who has just completed his orthodontic treatment, and which the specialist told her to be multiple cavities in molars, but to perform the initial review we have a serious cosmetic problem in the upper front teeth, is He offered to treat that patient problem through a diagnostic wax technique, Mock-up and subsequently performing through direct resin restorations. The purpose of presenting this clinical case illustrates a technique of modified Mock-up is useful both as a diagnostic and for different steps in the same restorative treatment tool
Studies of dietary phytoestrogen from momordica charantia Linn. Seeds
No full textPhytoestrogens are secondary plant metabolites produced by plants that are similar in structure of estrogen. Human consumption of these compounds has been associated with many health benefits. In this study, we investigated the potential phytoestrogen content of dietary Momordica charantia Linn. (Bitter melon) seeds were collected from the Hyderabad-Karnataka regions of India.
A phenolic dietary phytoestrogen has been isolated from the crude ethanol extract of Bitter melon seeds. After preparative HPLC whitish amorphous compound was yielded. The HPLC purified compound is subjected to spectral analysis using IR, NMR and MS. The spectral data revealed that the phenolphthalein a phytoestrogenic molecule is present in the ethanol extract of dietary Bitter melon seeds
Detección e integración del virus del papiloma humano de alto riesgo en lesiones pre-neoplásicas en mujeres del sur de Chile: un estudio transversal
No full textBackground: High-risk Human Papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs) are the etiological agents of cervical cancer and its preneoplastic lesions. HPV16 and 18 are the most frequent HR-HPV genotypes detected in cervical cancer. HR-HPV genome integration into the host cell is an important event in the carcinogenic process. However, it remains uncertain which stage of cervical carcinogenesis HPV16 and 18 integration occurs in the Chilean population. Aim: The goal of this study was to evaluate HPV16 and HPV18 integration in preneoplastic lesions of the cervix. Methods: DNA was extracted from 108 cervical scrape samples with preneoplastic lesions. HPV was genotyped using PCR and non-radioactive hybridization. The integration status of HPV16 and HPV18 was determined by evaluating the E2 gene presence through PCR. Results: HPV16 and HPV18 tested positive in 36.1% and 12.0% of samples, respectively. HPV16 was found integrated in 23.1% of HPV 16 cases, while HPV 18 in 100% of samples positive for this viral genotype. Conclusions: HR-HPV integration is an early event in cervical carcinogenesis, occurring in nearly half of preneoplastic lesions and being more frequent in HPV18 than in HPV16. The evaluation of HR-HPV integration can be utilized as a complementary tool for detecting HPV in the Chilean population. © 2024, Sociedad Chilena de Infectologia. All rights reserved.Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Quadriceps muscle reaction time in obese children
No full textThis study aimed to determine the influence of obesity, according to body mass index (BMI) and fat mass percentage, on quadriceps muscle reaction times. The study utilized a cross-sectional design. The sample size consisted of 42 schoolchildren (54.5% girls) aged 11 to 12 years old. Participant measurements included weight and height, which were used to categorize individuals based on BMI. Additionally, the electrical bioimpedance technique was employed to categorize participants based on their body fat percentage. A sudden destabilization test of the lower limb was performed to assess the reaction time of the rectus femoris, vastus medialis, and vastus lateralis muscles. The results show that overweight/obese children have a longer muscle reaction time for both the rectus femoris (β = 18.13; p = 0.048) and the vastus lateralis (β = 14.51; p = 0.042). Likewise, when the children were classified by percentage of body fat the results showed that overfat/obese children have a longer muscle reaction time for both the rectus femoris (β = 18.13; p = 0.048) and the vastus lateralis (β = 14.51; p = 0.042). Our results indicate that BMI and fat mass classification negativity alter the muscle reaction time in children. Overweight/obese or overfat/obese children showed longer reaction times in the rectus femoris and vastus lateralis muscles compared to children with normal weight. Based on these findings, it is suggested that in overweight and obese children, efforts not only focus on reducing body weight but that be complemented with training and/or rehabilitation programs that focus on preserving the normal physiological function of the musculoskeletal system. Copyright 2024 Guzmán-Muñoz et al.Universidad Santo Tomás, (113200024)Universidad Autónoma de Chil