Repositorio académico de acceso abierto (Univ. Autonóma de Chile)
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Comportamiento de la población chilena en las buenas prácticas de higiene
No full textFoodborne diseases cause a high burden of morbidity, with a greater occurrence in home environments. The objective of the study is to associate habits related to good hygiene practices with sociodemographic variables in a representative sample of the Chilean population. Secondary analysis study, conducted from the National Health Survey (NHS) 2016-2017, where the questions of good hygiene practices were analyzed. The sample contemplates 6,233 participants, of which 62.8% corresponds to female sex. It was identified that women have better hygiene habits in food handling compared to men. On the other hand, adults aged 45-64 years and over 65 years had better habits related to food safety than other age groups. In conclusion, sociodemographic variables such as sex, age and educational level are determining factors in good hygiene practices. The population should be educated in food handling to ensure food safety. © 2024 Sociedad Chilena de Nutrición, Bromatología y Toxicología.Universidad Autónoma de Chil
State and perspectives of sustainable production of traditional silicate ceramics
No full textThe traditional ceramics industry uses large amounts of primary mineral raw materials. Improvements in the production of building materials based on non-metallic minerals can contribute to sustainable development in many ways, such as saving natural resources, using waste materials, reducing energy consumption, decreasing emissions hazardous to the health and the environment, particularly carbon dioxide, and reclamation of mines after exploitation of raw materials, etc. This paper describes the state of application of mineral raw materials and waste in the traditional ceramics industry with a perspective on future challenges. Intensified research is needed to complement the laboratory data and re-scale to the industrial-sized products while improving communication between both sectors. © 2024 The AuthorsChilean National Commission on Research and Development; Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, CONICYT; Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico, FONDECYT, (1180414); Ministarstvo Prosvete, Nauke i Tehnološkog Razvoja, MPNTR, (451-03-47/2023-02/200012)Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Rol del Fonoaudiólogo en el Tratamiento de la Disfagia en Usuarios con Alta Clínica por (COVID-19): Una Revisión de Literatura
No full textThe disease known as Covid-19 was declared a pandemic at the beginning of 2020, substantially attacking the respiratory system of those infected. The progressive respiratory failure generated by the disease even leads to death in severe stages of the disease. Due to this alteration some users may require mechanical ventilation. Much research links intubation to dysphagia. The Speech Therapist is the one who helps in the rehabilitation of swallowing disorders, the objective of this research was to review specialized literature to gather information on the Role of the Speech Pathologist in the Treatment of Dysphagia in High Clinic Users due to (Covid-19). A specific search was carried out in the databases PubMed, Science direct and in the Virtual Health Library (BSV). The key term Mesh “Covid-19” was used then the intersection boolean “AND” and the key term Mesh “Dysphagia” then the intersection boolean “OR” and the key term Mesh “Swallowing Disorder”. A total of 42 articles in distributed as follows: PubMed (14), ScienceDirect (7), BSV (21). In the present investigation only articles corresponding to experimental studies, quasi-experimental studies, case studies, bibliographic reviews were included, clinical trials, where the role of the speech therapist in the work of dysphagia in patients with clinical discharge after having had Covid-19 is observed. The results obtained relate prolonged intubation to dysphagia, although the articles found are not enough to make a generalization, added to the fact that the quality of the articles found does not have the expected level of evidence, despite that, the results found confirm the speech pathologist specializing in orofacial motor skills as a relevant actor both in the evaluation and in the intervention of users who have dysphagia due to prolonged intubation by Covid-19.La enfermedad conocida como Covid-19 fue declarada pandemia a principios del año 2020, atacando de manera sustancial el aparato respiratorio de los contagiados. La insuficiencia respiratoria progresiva generada por la enfermedad genera incluso, la muerte en los estados más graves de la enfermedad. Debido a esta alteración algunos pacientes pueden requerir ventilación mecánica. Muchas investigaciones relacionan la intubación con las disfagias. El fonoaudiólogo es quien ayuda en la rehabilitación de las alteraciones deglutorias, por lo que el objetivo de esta investigación fue revisar literatura especializada para recabar información sobre el papel del fonoaudiólogo en el tratamiento de la disfagia en pacientes con alta clínica por Covid-19. La metodología usada, definió una búsqueda específica en las bases de datos PubMed, Sciencedirect y en la Biblioteca Virtual de Salud (BSV). Se utilizó el término clave MeSH “Covid-19” luego el booleano de intersección “AND” y el término clave MeSH “Dysphagia” en seguida el booleano de intersección “OR” y el termino clave MeSH “Swallowing Disorder”. Se encontraron un total de 42 artículos en distribuidos de la siguiente manera: PubMed (14), ScienceDirect (7), BSV (21). En la presente investigación solo fueron incluidos artículos correspondientes a estudios experimentales, cuasi experiméntales, estudios de casos, revisiones bibliográficas y ensayos clínicos donde se observa el papel del fonoaudiólogo en el trabajo de la disfagia en pacientes con alta clínica después de haber tenido Covid-19. Los resultados obtenidos relacionan la intubación prolongada a la disfagia, aunque los artículos hallados no son suficientes para realizar una generalización, sumado a que la calidad de los artículos encontrados no tienen el nivel de evidencia esperada, a pesar de eso, los resultados encontrados confirman al fonoaudiólogos especialistas en motricidad orofacial como un actor relevante tanto en la evaluación como en la intervención de pacientes que poseen disfagia debido a la intubación prolongada por Covid-19
Recomendaciones sanitarias a los centros de salud para la seguridad del paciente en la pandemia por COVID-19. Herramienta educativa subvalorada
No full textPreventive measures (recommendations) based on health education that would influence a better management of patient safety in the COVID-19 pandemic are presented. In this paper, emphasis is placed on the revaluation of health education in order to strengthen awareness among health professionals and the population.Se presentan medidas preventivas (recomendaciones) basadas en la educación sanitaria que influirían en un mejor manejo de la seguridad de los pacientes en la pandemia de COVID-19. En este artículo se hace hincapié en la revalorización de la educación sanitaria con el fin de fortalecer la concientización en los profesionales de la salud y la població
Guía didáctica del libro Nayap, una propuesta para mejorar la comprensión lectora en estudiantes de lengua awajún
No full textThe present work attempts to extend the reflection and opinion about the author’s research work on the proposal for bilingual intercultural elementary schools of the province of San Ignacio, Perú, of the didactic guide of the book Nayap, written by the same author in Awajun language, as a personal effort to improve the reading comprehension level of the students of this ethnic group. The investigation background is described, explaining the method and the diagnostic made on the study sample, through a work that involved the proficient assistance of the teachers of the native villages. The conclusions focus on the development of the reading comprehension levels and the encouragement of the reading habit in the students. The didactic guide is written in awajun language, and comprises an ensemble of activities to work in class, designed to reinforce and master the students’ reading comprehension skills. Is has been added to the subject and the exercises the cultural wealth of the awajun people, in order to offer an approach to the student with his legacy and his day-to-day reality.El presente trabajo busca extender la reflexión y el criterio sobre el trabajo investigativo del autor en torno a proponer en las escuelas primarias del área intercultural bilingüe de la provincia de San Ignacio, Perú, la Guía didáctica del libro Nayap, escrito por el mismo autor en el idioma awajún, como un esfuerzo personal para mejorar el nivel de comprensión lectora de los estudiantes de este grupo étnico. Se describen los antecedentes de la investigación, mencionando el método utilizado y eldiagnóstico que se realizó en las muestras de estudio, a través de un trabajo que involucró la participación activa del grupo docente de las comunidades nativas. Las conclusiones se centran en el desarrollo de los niveles de comprensión lectora yel fomento del hábito lector en los estudiantes. La Guía didáctica está escrita en idioma awajún y contiene un conjunto de actividades a desarrollar en clase, diseñadas para el refuerzo y dominio de las habilidades de comprensión lectora de losestudiantes. Se ha incorporado a la temática y a los ejercicios el acervo cultural del pueblo awajún, con el fin de brindar un acercamiento al estudiante con su legado y realidad cotidiana
Associations of the ‘weekend warrior’ physical activity pattern with all-cause, cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality: the Mexico City Prospective Study
No full textObjectives The objective was to investigate the benefits of the’weekend warrior’ physical activity pattern in Latin America, where many people take part in high levels of non-exercise physical activity. Methods Participants in the Mexico City Prospective Study were surveyed from 1998 to 2004 and resurveyed from 2015 to 2019. Those who exercised up to once or twice per week were termed weekend warriors. Those who exercised more often were termed regularly active. Analyses were adjusted for potential confounders. Results The main analysis included 26 006 deaths in 154 882 adults (67% female) aged 52±13 years followed for 18±4 years (mean±SD). Compared with those who reported no exercise, the HR (95% CI) was 0.88 (0.83 to 0.93) in the weekend warriors and 0.88 (0.84 to 0.91) in the regularly active. Similar results were observed for cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality, but associations were weaker. Stratified analyses showed that substantial reductions in all-cause mortality risk only occurred when the duration of exercise sessions was at least 30–60 min. The repeated-measures analysis included 843 deaths in 10 023 adults followed for 20±2 years. Compared with being inactive or becoming inactive, the HR was 0.86 (95% CI 0.65 to 1.12) when being a weekend warrior or becoming a weekend warrior and 0.85 (95% CI 0.70 to 1.03) when being regularly active or becoming regularly active. Conclusions This is the first prospective study to investigate the benefits of the weekend warrior physical activity pattern in Latin America. The results suggest that even busy adults could benefit from taking part in one or two sessions of exercise per week. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024.CARDS-NIH; Mexican Health Ministry; National Institutes of Health, NIH; National Institute on Aging, NIA, (R01 AG057234, R01 AG075775, R01 AG21051); National Institute on Aging, NIA; Fogarty International Center, FIC; Alzheimer's Association, AA, (SG-20-725707); Alzheimer's Association, AA; Wellcome Trust, WT; Rainwater Charitable Foundation, RCF; Medical Research Council, MRC; Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico, FONDECYT, (1210176, 1210195, 1220995, ANID/FONDAP 15150012, ANID/PIA/ANILLOS ACT210096); Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico, FONDECYT; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, CONACYT; Fondo de Fomento al Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico, FONDEF, (ID20I10152, ID22I10029); Fondo de Fomento al Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico, FONDEFUniversidad Autónoma de Chil
Gobernanza, desarrollo local y calidad del trabajo. Los casos de Cartagena, Pereira y Pasto 2001-2008
No full textEl presente texto explora las relaciones entre gobernanza, desarrollo económico local y calidad del trabajo. A partir de cuatro indicadores cualitativos de gobernanza analizados en tres ciudades colombianas durante un período de siete años, se valora su relación en el desarrollo local, específicamente en la calidad del empleo, con base en la estimación de un índice compuesto para cada ciudad en el mismo período. Los resultados muestran que las administraciones municipales que han contado con una mejor gobernanza logran influenciar marginalmente las condiciones de trabajo, debido a que las trayectorias históricas de desarrollo de cada ciudad mantienen un fuerte peso en dichas condiciones
An empirical investigation of the impact of energy consumption, globalization and natural resources on ecological footprint and economic growth, evidence from China, Japan, South Korea and China Taiwan
No full textNatural resources are regarded as important indicators that make great contributions to reducing environmental pollution and promoting growth in today's era of globalization. Thus, a more rigorous assessment of the complexity of determining growth and ecological footprint is critical. This study examines the dynamic linkages between globalization, natural resources, renewable and non-renewable energy use, ecological footprint and growth in Taiwan, Japan, China, and South Korea from 1975 to 2020. In terms of the certainty of cross-sectional dependence of panel variable data, this study uses second-generation panel unit root, cointegration, long-term elasticity, and two-way causality estimation tests to obtain reliable and valid results. The findings explore the fact that environmental degradation is substantially mitigated by the using of renewable energy sources, while other underlying factors, such as non-renewable energy sources, natural resource rent (NRR), economic growth, and globalization, exacerbate environmental pollution. In addition, the use of renewable and non-renewable energy, NRRs and globalization drive economic progress. Globalization and ecological footprint have a bilateral causal association. The research analysis supports the feedback hypothesis based on a bidirectional causal relationship between renewable energy use and ecological footprint. Based on the empirical findings of the current study, various policy endorsements are proposed to scare and control environmental damage without hampering growth in specific East Asian economies. © The Author(s) 2024
Gigantic Reactive Lesion of Mandibular Gingival Tissue
No full textIrritation fibroma are the most common form of reactive lesions found within the oral cavity. These lesions normally attain a small size and show a slow growth rate. This paper reports a case of gigantic intraoral irritational fibroma with a history of rapid growth. Complete excision was performed and the specimen was sent for immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. It was found positive for vimentin, hence reported as irritation fibroma
Thoughts on Bureaucratic Barriers: A Brief from Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru
No full textThis article aims to reflect on the legal and economic problems caused by the presence of bureaucratic barriers in Ecuador. The bureaucratic barriers or obstacles in this paper are understood as the result of rigid bureaucratic structures that require a person to fit the structure rather than vice versa6. In that order of ideas, it brings up some relevant thoughts extracted from regional experiences. Furthermore, methodologically, it proposes a descriptive and preliminary characterization of local systems, providing the reader with a versatile review without affecting its rigorousness. It also proposes to review part of the relevant Ecuadorian regulations for the future implementation of a robust and modern system for the elimination of bureaucratic barriers. This jurisdiction was selected due to its initial stage of development about other more advanced experiences in the region such as Mexico, Colombia, Chile, and Peru. Finally, the article aims to describe regulatory improvement actions complementary to those currently in force, such as those contained in the Organic Law for the Optimization and Efficiency of Administrative Procedures of Ecuador.Universidad Autónoma de Chil