Repositorio académico de acceso abierto (Univ. Autonóma de Chile)
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Análisis de desempeño microinstitucional: reflexiones sobre el uso de la tecnología. El caso del sistema de justicia (penal) colombiano
No full textThe need for the technological continuous improvement of the administration of justice was particularly evident for Colombia, a country used as an example due to its social dynamics and institutional adjustments. Hence, this article focuses on examining and arguing this scenario using a heterodox legal-economic approach. © 2024, Universidad Autonoma de Chile. All rights reserved
Characterization of Chilean hot spring-origin Staphylococcus sp. BSP3 produced exopolysaccharide as biological additive
No full textA type of high molecular weight bioactive polymers called exopolysaccharides (EPS) are produced by thermophiles, the extremophilic microbes that thrive in acidic environmental conditions of hot springs with excessively warm temperatures. Over time, EPS became important as natural biotechnological additives because of their noncytotoxic, emulsifying, antioxidant, or immunostimulant activities. In this article, we unravelled a new EPS produced by Staphylococcus sp. BSP3 from an acidic (pH 6.03) San Pedro hot spring (38.1 °C) located in the central Andean mountains in Chile. Several physicochemical techniques were performed to characterize the EPS structure including Scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDS), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Gel permeation chromatography (GPC), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), 1D Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). It was confirmed that the amorphous surface of the BSP3 EPS, composed of rough pillar-like nanostructures, is evenly distributed. The main EPS monosaccharide constituents were mannose (72%), glucose (24%) and galactose (4%). Also, it is a medium molecular weight (43.7 kDa) heteropolysaccharide. NMR spectroscopy demonstrated the presence of a [→ 6)-⍺-d-Manp-(1 → 6)-⍺-d-Manp-(1 →] backbone 2-O substituted with 1-⍺-d-Manp. A high thermal stability of EPS (287 °C) was confirmed by TGA analysis. Emulsification, antioxidant, flocculation, water-holding (WHC), and oil-holding (OHC) capacities are also studied for biotechnological industry applications. The results demonstrated that BSP3 EPS could be used as a biodegradable material for different purposes, like flocculation and natural additives in product formulation. Graphical Abstract: (Figure presented.). © The Author(s) 2024.Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico, FONDECYT, (1231917); Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo, ANIDUniversidad Autónoma de Chil
Is climate change modifying the behavior of sea turtles? The particular case of the loggerhead turtle in the Alboran Sea
No full text[No abstract available]Concejería de Universidad, Investigación e Innovación de la Junta de AndalucíaUniversidad Autónoma de Chil
Urinary incontinence increases risk of postpartum depression: systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textObjective: Postpartum depression is one of the most common complications after childbearing. Urinary incontinence is a frequent symptom during pregnancy and the postnatal period, often being the first time that women experience it. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize the evidence on the association between urinary incontinence and postpartum depression and to assess whether this association becomes weaker at 6 months after childbirth. Data Sources: MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and PsycINFO were searched from inception to December 26, 2023. Study Eligibility Criteria: Cross-sectional and cohort studies addressing the association between urinary incontinence and postpartum depression were included. Methods: Pooled odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals, and 95% prediction intervals were estimated using a DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model for the association between urinary incontinence and postpartum depression. Subgroup analyses were conducted on the basis of time after delivery (<6 or ≥6 months). The risk of bias was assessed with the National Institutes of Health Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort Studies. Results: Eleven published studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. Overall, the odds ratio for the association between urinary incontinence and postpartum depression was 1.45 (95% confidence interval, 1.11–1.79; 95% prediction interval, 0.49–2.40; I2=65.9%; P=.001). For the 7 cohort studies, the odds ratio was 1.63 (95% confidence interval, 1.35–1.91; 95% prediction interval, 1.14–2.13; I2=11.1%; P=.345). For the 4 cross-sectional studies, the odds ratio was 1.05 (95% confidence interval, 1.04–1.05; 95% prediction interval, 1.04–1.06; I2=0.0%; P=.413). According to the time after delivery, the odds ratio estimates for cohort studies with a postpartum period <6 months were 1.44 (95% confidence interval, 1.07–1.81; prediction interval, 0.63–2.25; I2=0.0%; P=.603) and 1.53 (95% confidence interval, 1.16–1.89; prediction interval, 0.41–2.65; I2=50.7%; P=.087) for those with a postpartum period ≥6 months. Conclusion: This systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that urinary incontinence may be a potential predictor of postpartum depression. Thus, it is important that health care professionals offer support and treatment options to women who experience these conditions. © 2024 The Author(s)Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, UCLMUniversidad Autónoma de Chil
Preventable incidence cases from non-communicable diseases attributable to insufficient physical activity in Chile
No full textObjectives: Lack of sufficient physical activity (PA) has been associated with an increased risk of several non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and all-cause mortality. This study aimed to estimate the number of preventable incidence cases of NCDs attributable to insufficient PA in the Chilean population. Study design: Comparative risk assessment modelling study. Methods: This study examined data from 5834 participants aged ≥20 years from the Chilean National Survey (2016–2017). PA was assessed by the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ), and metabolic equivalent of tasks (METs) were assigned according to PA intensity. Estimated incidence cases of NCDs in Chile in 2019 were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease study. Relative risks for breast cancer, colon cancer, ischaemic heart disease, diabetes and stroke were obtained from a published meta-analysis and applied to the prevalence of insufficient PA estimates through the potential impact fraction equation. Results: High levels of PA (≥8000 MET-min/week) could potentially avoid more than 22,000 (64.6 %) incidence NCD cases, ranging from 498 (10.1 %) preventable cases of breast cancer to 5629 (14.7 %) cases of diabetes. Other modelled scenarios also showed to reduce the incidence cases of all five NCDs but to a lesser extent; where at least PA recommendation was achieved, preventable NCDs were reduced by 6522 cases (18.7 %), and where a 10 % relative reduction in insufficient PA level in the population was achieved, preventable NCDs were reduced by 651 (1.8 %) cases. Conclusions: The study results provide estimates for the incidence cases of preventable NCDs attributable to insufficient PA, highlighting the important role of PA in NCD prevention in Chile. © 2023 The Royal Society for Public HealthUniversidad de Santiago de Chile, (032287DF); Vicerrectoría de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, VRIDE
Intratest reliability of the modified 505 test in adult male professional soccer players
No full textObjective: This study assessed the intratest reliability of the modified 505 180° change of direction test in adult male professional players. Methods: 37 adult male players (age= 23.4±4.88 years, body mass= 75.7±6.46 kg, height=176.2±6.74 cm), affiliated with a professional club in the Chilean first B division, performed 4 attempts (two per profile) of the modified 505 test. Absolute reliability was evaluated using coefficient of variation, while relative reliability was assessed via the intraclass correlation coefficient, with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Bland-Altman graphs and statistics. Results: Acceptable absolute reliability was found in the right and left profile (CV=1.82 and 2.16% respectively). Poor to good relative reliability was found in the right profile (ICC=0.586, 95% CI=0.335 to 0.759) and poor to moderate reliability in the left profile (ICC=0.562, 95% CI=0.309 to 0.742). Bland-Altman statistics found a Bias and standard deviation of Bias in the right profile of 0.015±0.79 seconds and in the left profile of 0.03±0.091 seconds. Conclusion: From the results it is concluded that the modified 505 test has moderate relative reliability and acceptable absolute reliability. In practical terms, this means that trainers should evaluate more than 1 attempt per profile. The reliability of the test should be taken into consideration to analyze subsequent changes, so familiarization sessions with the test would be necessary to improve its relative reliability. The data obtained can serve as a reference for teams belonging to the same league, as well as to analyze substantial minimal changes outside the intratest noise, according to the reported CVs. © JPES.Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
No full textGastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most frequent causes of consultation in primary care and gastroenterology. Over 40 % of the general population experiences occasional heartburn and regurgitation due to GERD. It is a complex disease and physiology and pathogenesis are not yet completely defined. However, abnormalities in the lower esophageal sphincter, esophageal motility or gastric emptying can cause or worsen GERD. There are various diagnostic and therapeutic approaches; however, the use of proton-pump inhibitor fundoplication permanence and (antireflux surgery), are the most effective options
Non-invasive skin autofluorescence as a screening method for diabetic retinopathy
No full textDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is a public health problem and a common cause of blindness. It is diagnosed by fundus examination; however, this is a costly and time-consuming method. Non-invasive skin autofluorescence (SAF) may be an accessible, fast and simple alternative for screening and early diagnosis of DR. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of SAF as a screening method for DR. A systematic search of MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases was performed. Random effects models for sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR) and negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (dOR) value and 95% CIs were used to calculate test accuracy. In addition, hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic curves (HSROC) were used to summarise the overall test performance. Four studies were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.79 (95% CI 0.72–0.88; I2 = 0.0%) and 0.54 (95% CI 0.32–0.92; I2 = 97.0%), respectively. The dOR value for the diagnosis of DR using SAF was 5.11 (95% CI 1.81–14.48: I2 = 85.9%). The PRL was 2.17 (95% CI 0.62–7.64) and the NRL was 0.27 (95% CI 0.07–1.03). Heterogeneity was not relevant in sensitivity and considerable in specificity. The 95% confidence region of the HSROC included all studies. SAF as a screening test for DR shows sufficient accuracy for its use in clinical settings. SAF may be an appropriate method for DR screening, and further research is needed to recommend it as a diagnostic method. © 2023 The Authors. Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Science, Innovation and Universities, (FPU21/06866); Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, UCLM, (2018‐CPUCLM‐7939); European Regional Development Fund, ERD
Comentario a la Sentencia del Tribunal Supremo (Sala de lo Contencioso) de 17 de octubre de 2018 (recurso 581/2017): Validez de un acuerdo de no disponibilidad de créditos y otras medidas por incumplimiento del plan de ajuste del FLA
No full textLa Sentencia resuelve el recurso presentado por la Generalidad de Cataluña contra un Acuerdo de la Comisión Delegada del Gobierno para Asuntos Económicos que adoptó una serie de medidas presupuestarias en el contexto de la intentona separatista en Cataluña en 2017
Percepciones y características de la práctica de actividad física durante la pandemia en adultos. Un estudio de caso en Chile
No full textThe COVID-19 pandemic significantly altered the lifestyles of the world’s population due to confinement measures aimed at reducing social activity. These measures led to increased levels of physical inactivity and associated health risks. In response to it, the Chilean Ministry of Health designated specific times exclusively for physical activity. The objectives of this study were to examine the perceptions of users and the characteristics of the physical activity undertaken during these times. Utilizing an interpretive qualitative design, this case study involved personal and face-to-face interviews with eleven adults of both sexes, aged between 24 and 69 years, who engaged in physical activity in a park in Concepción, Chile, during 2021. The results indicate that participants engaged in physical activity for pleasure, health maintenance, and socialization; and they reported feeling more energetic throughout the day. They expressed high satisfaction with the initiative and strong motivation to participate in physical activity but suggested extending the morning schedule and adding a new period in the afternoon. In this regard, these activities were mainly group-oriented, occurring four to seven times a week and lasting between one and two hours. In conclusion, the designated times were well-received, and physical activity significantly contributed to improving health and well-being during confinement. © Copyright: Federación Española de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educación Física (FEADEF)Universidad Autónoma de Chil