Repositorio académico de acceso abierto (Univ. Autonóma de Chile)
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Physical activity, suicidal ideation, suicide attempt and death among individuals with mental or other medical disorders: A systematic review of observational studies
No full textA growing body of research has demonstrated the potential role for physical activity as an intervention across mental and other medical disorders. However, the association between physical activity and suicidal ideation, attempts, and deaths has not been systematically appraised in clinical samples. We conducted a PRISMA 2020-compliant systematic review searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO for observational studies investigating the influence of physical activity on suicidal behavior up to December 6, 2023. Of 116 eligible full-text studies, seven (n = 141691) were included. Depression was the most frequently studied mental condition (43%, k = 3), followed by chronic pain as the most common other medical condition (29%, k = 2). Two case-control studies examined suicide attempts and found an association between physical activity and a reduced frequency of such attempts. However, in studies examining suicidal ideation (k = 3) or suicide deaths (k = 2), no consistent associations with physical activity were observed. Overall, our systematic review found that physical activity may be linked to a lower frequency of suicide attempts in non-prospective studies involving individuals with mental disorders. © 2024Janssen and Takeda; Nutritional Medicine Institute; UK Research and Innovation Future Leaders, (MR/T021780/1); University of Manchester, UoM, (P123958); University of Manchester, UoM; Eesti Teadusagentuur, ETAg, (PSG615); Eesti Teadusagentuur, ETAg; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, CAPES, (0001); Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, CAPESUniversidad Autónoma de Chil
Doce razones — no nuevas pero a menudo olvidadas — para que los científicos participen en actividades de comunicación de las ciencias
No full textScientific communication through outreach and engagement activities is currently recognized as an important element of the work of a scientist, but participation by scientists in this type of activity remains low. Many of the scientists do not understand the purpose and benefits that outreach provides for the public at large, which may further account for a low percentage of time devoted to scientific communication. The growing societal role of science communication becomes paradoxical in light of the limited motivation by scientists to participate in these activities. Therefore, the objective of this work is to provide a brief, limited and systematic summary of 11 arguments that justify why scientists should be communicating their work to society. These arguments may be useful for scientific and technological institutions in developed countries, and especially in developing countries, where there may be more limited public connectivity to the science and technology sector.La comunicación científica a través de actividades de divulgación ye involucramiento público se reconoce actualmente como un elemento importante del trabajo de las y los investigadores, pero la participación de estos en este tipo de actividades sigue siendo baja. Muchos de los científicos no comprenden el propósito y los beneficios que la divulgación brinda al público en general, lo que puede dar cuentad además de un bajo porcentaje de tiempo dedicado a la comunicación científica. El creciente papel social de la comunicación de las ciencias se torna paradójico a la luz de la limitada motivación de los científicos por participar en estas actividades. Por ello, el propósito de este trabajo es ofrecer un resumen breve, limitado y sistemático de 11 argumentos que justifican por qué los científicos deberían estar comunicando su trabajo a la sociedad. Estos argumentos pueden ser útiles para instituciones científicas y tecnológicas en países desarrollados, y especialmente en aquellos países en vías de desarrollo, donde el vínculo social con el sector científico y tecnológico es mucho más limitado
Surgical Treatments and Immediate Denture Prior to Comprehensive Oral Rehabilitation
No full textCommonly after the early loss of teeth, extractions, presence of periodontal disease, or pneumatization of the sinus cavities, bone resorption occurs leading to atrophy of the alveolar ridge. This presents several challenges from the point of view of implant and rehabilitation when planning implant placement and rehabilitation. However at present the procedures for the solution of these problems with the use of bone graft, either autologous or xenograft allow predictable results. The aim of this case report is to describe the surgical procedures prior to the comprehensive rehabilitation treatment of female patient, 53 years old, partially toothed jaw and mandibular teeth overall. The extraction of all the upper teeth along the jaw ridge preservation using autogenous graft and xenograft bone tissue, besides the left maxillary sinus lift, culminating with the insertion of an immediate acrylic maxillary prosthesis was performed
Modeling the Body of the Embryo during the Somitic Period
No full textThe somite or phylotypic period is similar in many vertebrate species from fish to man. Somites consist of thickening of the mesoderm, they simultaneously form in pairs, one on each side of the notochord. In the human embryo formation of somites is initiated on day 20, resulting in a total of three pairs of somites per day with a total of 44±2 pairs of somites. Somite formation occurs where the FGF -8 is at a low threshold. Positional somites identity is specified by the combined expression of the Hox gene complex. Somites give rise to axial skeleton (vertebrae and ribs), all skeletal muscles including members of the body wall and also most of the dermis. The WNT protein induces muscle precursor cells from the dorso medial portion of the somite and MIF5 gene expression. The somite dermatome dermis becomes action neurotrofina3 (NT -3) secreted by the dorsal neural tube. Sonic hedgehog protein produced by the notochord and neural tube induces sclerotome formation, from somite ventrally and the expression of PAX 1 which in turn, controls the formation of chondrogenesis and vertebrae
Genome-based approach to evaluate the metabolic potentials and exopolysaccharides production of Bacillus paralicheniformis CamBx3 isolated from a Chilean hot spring
No full textIn the present study, a thermophilic strain designated CamBx3 was isolated from the Campanario hot spring, Chile. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence, phylogenomic, and average nucleotide identity analysis the strain CamBx3 was identified as Bacillus paralicheniformis. Genome analysis of B. paralicheniformis CamBx3 revealed the presence of genes related to heat tolerance, exopolysaccharides (EPS), dissimilatory nitrate reduction, and assimilatory sulfate reduction. The pangenome analysis of strain CamBx3 with eight Bacillus spp. resulted in 26,562 gene clusters, 7,002 shell genes, and 19,484 cloud genes. The EPS produced by B. paralicheniformis CamBx3 was extracted, partially purified, and evaluated for its functional activities. B. paralicheniformis CamBx3 EPS with concentration 5 mg mL−1 showed an optimum 92 mM ferrous equivalent FRAP activity, while the same concentration showed a maximum 91% of Fe2+ chelating activity. B. paralicheniformis CamBx3 EPS (0.2 mg mL−1) demonstrated β-glucosidase inhibition. The EPS formed a viscoelastic gel at 45°C with a maximum instantaneous viscosity of 315 Pa.s at acidic pH 5. The present study suggests that B. paralicheniformis CamBx3 could be a valuable resource for biopolymers and bioactive molecules for industrial applications. Copyright © 2024 Narsing Rao, Singh, Sani and Banerjee.Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo, ANID; Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico, FONDECYT, (1231917); Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico, FONDECYTUniversidad Autónoma de Chil
Drought Tolerance Evaluation of ‘Zorzal,’ the Most Cultivated Common Bean in Chile, a Country Facing Desertification
No full textDuring the last decades, water distribution around the globe has been affected by climate change. Particularly, in Chile, the last decade has been marked by a mega-drought period, which has severely impacted agriculture. In this scenario, common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) has been seriously affected due to its dependence on irrigation. In this work, we studied how 'Zorzal,' the most sown cultivar in Chile copes with drought stress and the mechanisms used to deal with it. A greenhouse experiment was performed during the 2019–2020 growing season. Plants were subjected to a severe drought stress suspending irrigation at the pre-flowering stage. Photosynthetic parameters, chlorophyll concentration, relative leaf water content (RWC) and lipid peroxidation were analyzed at 7 and 21 days after water suspension, yield was analyzed at the end of the growing season, and those parameters were compared to a susceptible cultivar of the same gene pool ‘Arroz Tuscola.’ ‘Zorzal’ stood out for having diverse treats associated with drought tolerance, as maintaining stable RWC during drought stress, a better reactive oxygen species scavenging system than ‘Arroz Tuscola,’ and stable root biomass during the drought condition. However, seed production was significantly reduced. Our results evidence that ‘Zorzal,’ the most widely cultivated cultivar of common bean in Chile, has good physiological and anatomical treats for plant survivance under drought stress conditions. However, our study suggests that these characteristics may not be enough to maintain a stable seed production. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to National Academy of Agricultural Sciences 2023.Universidad Católica de Temuco, UCT; Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico, FONDECYT, (1201749, ANID-2023, ATE23007); Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, CONACYT, (739582); Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo, ANID, (FEQUIP2018-CI-04
Perfil de ingreso. Caracterización y cierre de brechas
No full textLos programas doctorales de la Universidad Autónoma de Chile cuentan con procedimientos en los que se revisan las competencias de ingreso de los doctorandos a sus respectivos programas. La información para este procedimiento se obtiene en los periodos de postulación los que contemplan una serie de requisitos diferenciados por programa. Cabe destacar que estos requisitos han sido establecidos a fin de cumplir con la normativa institucional y con la finalidad de que los postulantes cuenten con las competencias mínimas requeridas para desempeñarse de forma satisfactoria en las distintas actividades curriculares en los planes de estudio respectivos.
La información recabada incluye una caracterización sociodemográfica de los postulantes (edad, género, nacionalidad, etc.), así como antecedentes académicos y profesionales (universidad de procedencia, títulos profesionales y grados académicos, experiencia profesional y experiencia académica, notas previas, proyectos adjudicados, productividad científica, entre otras). Con esta información se obtiene un perfil académico que se conjuga con otros elementos durante el proceso de selección de manera que se pueda contar con un diagnóstico de las competencias de entrada
La oportuna fragilidad del municipio en México: Capacidades Institucionales en el Marco de un Federalismo Disfuncional
No full textEn este artículo se presenta un análisis descriptivo de algunos de los principales rasgos que caracterizan hoy día la debilidad estructural y funcional de los gobiernos y de las administraciones municipales en México. El análisis parte de la siguiente pregunta: ¿Con qué capacidades institucionales cuenta el nivel municipal en México a poco más de treinta años de iniciado el proceso de descentralización? El afán descriptivo se justifica por tratar de entender mejor y registrar el grado en el que se encuentra en condiciones para responder a los retos que enfrenta y al papel que le toca jugar en este momento histó- rico. De momento, resulta evidente que el soporte técnico que se requieren hoy en día para enfrentar la creciente complejidad de problemas o la gestión en las ciudades no está siendo garantizada por esta estructura de gobierno.
En México, y posiblemente en América Latina, hemos insistido en referirnos al gobierno municipal como un ente único y homogéneo, pero sin duda en cada país aun cuando una buena parte de los problemas sean comunes, se requiere desagregar ese todo municipal en diferentes grados de complejidad, de gravedad de los rezagos y de diversidad de los retos a enfrentar
Experimental observations of Scholte waves propagating in an incompressible soft solid
No full textDue to the heterogeneous structure of the soft biological tissue, such as the brain, surface waves might be important to elucidate the biomechanics of injury formation from impacts. In this context, surface waves generate a wavelength on the order of the centimeter with a typical penetration length of the same order. Therefore, investigating surface waves at depth is crucial for understanding their relationship with the physics of soft tissue injuries. Planar surface waves produce particle motion along two dimensions, the direction of propagation and the depth direction, making them more challenging to measure when compared to polarized shear waves that only produce motion in one direction. This study presents an experimental setup capable of generating Scholte wave propagating in a soft solid–liquid interface. In particular, we studied a tissue-mimicking phantom material, such as gelatin, under a layer of water. Ultrasound imaging techniques, operating at 8600 frames per second, and a one-dimensional cross-correlation algorithm were used to independently estimate the two components of the wave's particle displacement. We conducted experiments sweeping frequencies between 50 and 500 Hz for different gelatin stiffness, finding a surface wave speed of 0.86 times the shear wave speed and a penetration distance of 0.35 times the wavelength. These results agree with the theory of Scholte waves propagating in an incompressible semi-infinite elastic medium covered by an incompressible fluid. © 2023 Elsevier LtdUniversity of Santiago; DICYT-Usach, (042131GD); Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo, ANID, (UOH-MDM2021004); Fondecyt Regular N, (1190212
