Repositorio académico de acceso abierto (Univ. Autonóma de Chile)
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GOBIERNO, AUTONOMÍA Y DEMOCRACIA LOCAL. APUNTES PARA UNA TEORÍA NORMATIVA
No full textEl trabajo procura contribuir al debate en torno a la noción de autonomía local y su relación con la democracia local. Se propone que, al profundizar la discusión de y la interrelación entre ambos conceptos, es posible identificar un marco teórico normativo que sea específico de la democracia local y que posibilite el reconocimiento de los requisitos necesarios tanto para su realización como su contribución al fortalecimiento del régimen democrático en general. Sobre estas bases podrán establecerse categorías analíticas relevantes para el estudio empírico de los diseños y prácticas institucionales y de los procesos de constitución, reproducción y contestación de tales arreglos y prácticas por parte de los actores sociales
Recomendaciones para la atención fonoaudiológica en Motricidad Orofacial contexto COVID-19
No full textProvide recommendations for safeguarding the practice of the profession in the myofunctional area in a safe way, both for the speech therapist and for its users, documented in relevant scientific publications. Methods: it constitutes an integrating review. The search was performed through the Lilacs, Pubmed, SciELO databases, and various web pages were consulted, under the terms COVID-19; SARS-CoV 2; security protocol; COVID-19 suggestions and COVID 19 action guides. Results: Recommendations are proposed for speech pathologist linked to myofunctional therapy in various contexts. Discussion: the correct identification of these recommendations represents an absolute top-priority action so that professionals can instruct the behaviors related to patient safety and continue the treatments in COVID-19 context, increasing the protection, with the purpose of preventing infections in the process.Buscamos otorgar recomendaciones de resguardo para el ejercicio de la profesión en el área de la motricidad orofacial de manera segura, tanto para el fonoaudiólogo, como para sus usuarios, documentadas en publicaciones científicas relevantes. El método usado en la busqueda constituye una revisión integradora. La búsqueda se realizó a través de las bases de datos Lilacs, PubMed y SciELO. Se consultaron diversas páginas web, bajo los términos COVID-19; SARS-CoV; protocolo de seguridad; sugerencias COVID-19 y guías de acción COVID-19. Los resultados encontrados se proponen recomendaciones para los fonoaudiólogos vinculados a la motricidad orofacial en diversos contextos. la identificación correcta de estas recomendaciones representa una de las acciones de absoluta prioridad, para que los profesionales puedan direccionar las conductas relacionadas con la seguridad del paciente y continuar las atenciones en contexto de COVID-19, aumentando las protecciones, con el fin de cuidar y evitar contagios en este proceso
Instrumentos Financieros Derivados. Problemáticas relacionadas con su medición y revelación en los estados financieros.
No full text La evolución exponencial evidenciada en las finanzas y la tecnología durante las últimas décadas, genera la necesidad de un replanteo del papel desempeñado por la contabilidad como herramienta de información, no sólo de incertidumbres y riesgos, sino también de la forma en que los mismos son tratados a través de instrumentos financieros derivados de cobertura.
Los instrumentos financieros derivados son instrumentos que nacen a partir de la existencia de un bien, también llamado activo subyacente, que normalmente cotiza en mercados financieros o commodities.
En relación a los instrumentos financieros derivados, y en lo que respecta a aspectos de medición, existen algunas asignaturas pendientes. Uno de los problemas, entre los que se encuentra la denominada contabilidad de cobertura, se refiere al escaso tratamiento por parte de la doctrina contable de la teoría de medición en contabilidad y la definición de aspectos esenciales.
Se ha llevado a cabo un análisis de los instrumentos financieros derivados denominados básicos, a fin de comprender su estructura, principales atributos y funcionamiento, así como los mercados en los que operan, como una forma de obtener elementos que permitan una adecuada medición y revelación de los mismos.
Finalmente, se procedió a un abordaje desde lo teórico y conceptual, de las reglas que tanto a nivel internacional como local, sustentan la contabilidad de cobertura, concluyendo que las mismas facilitan la manipulación de la información contable y permiten que transacciones similares se traten de maneras diferentes, afectando el proceso de toma de decisiones.
El propósito principal de este trabajo ha sido obtener mejor calidad de información para el proceso decisorio a partir de la aproximación a un modelo de información que surge en base a instrumentos financieros derivados, considerándolos tanto herramientas de cobertura, como en su rol de instrumentos de inversión. Para ello, se han establecido criterios de medición y revelación, como resultado de la investigación, que se considera facilitarán la comprensión del riesgo asociado a la incertidumbre, y sus efectos, a fin de responder a las demandas de los interesados en la gestión y proyección de las organizaciones
Psycho-emotional intervention with parents of very preterm babies during the first year: A single-arm pilot study
No full textStudies of intervention programs that aim to improve the emotional state of parents of children admitted to the neonatal intensive care units (NICU) are scarce in Spain. The aims of this single-arm pilot study are to get to know the emotional profile of parents of high-risk preterm newborns, and to explore parents' patterns of emotional well-being before and after a psychological program called the Parental Empowerment Program, to increase parental readiness levels. The sample was made up of 100 parents (50 couples) who participated in the program. Measurements were taken of post-traumatic stress, depression, and resilience at 1 month and 12 months. Repeated measurements and dyadic data analyses were performed. One month after the birth of the baby and prior to the start of the program, mothers show more symptoms of stress and depression than fathers. After the intervention, both parents experienced improvements in their mood levels. The evidence obtained seems to show that high resilience levels and low post-traumatic stress symptoms are associated with reduced depression levels after implementing the program. However, the heterogeneity of the responses obtained, the observed associations between stress, resilience, and maternal depression, along with the reciprocal influence between maternal and paternal depression 1 year after the intervention, highlight the need for a more in-depth exploration of the interplay between risk and protective factors in this population. Despite the identified potential threats to validity, further work in this direction is recommended, including the implementation of clinical trials to demonstrate intervention efficacy. The adaptation of the parents' mutual emotional adjustment at each stage would allow them to participate more actively in the baby's care. © 2024 The Authors. Family Process published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Family Process Institute.Ministry of Health of the Andalusian Regional Government, Spain; Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico, FONDECYT; Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo, ANID, (1190945); Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo, ANID; Federación Española de Enfermedades Raras, FEDER, (US‐1263096); Federación Española de Enfermedades Raras, FEDER; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, MCIN, (PID2020‐115486GB‐I00); Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, MCINUniversidad Autónoma de Chil
Políticas públicas municipais de saúde: fortalecendo a democracia local em pequenos municípios brasileiros
No full textEste artigo apresenta o esforço das equipes municipais que atuam na área da saúde para a construção do atendimento das demandas cidadãs, em um pequeno município de uma área pouco desenvolvida do estado de São Paulo. A investigação analisa não só como as práticas do serviço de saúde se caracterizam e se organizam, mas quais são os desafios e os avanços presentes na implantação de políticas públicas de saúde, no Brasil. Assim, é possível perceber como a estratégia de saúde da família necessita de relações loco-regionais mais dinâmicas para dar atenção integral ao cidadão. Olhar sobre a saúde ilustra como, no caminho de construção da democracia, a ação municipal é imprescindível para fortalecer a resolutividade das ações públicas
Air-Stable Cobalt(III) and Chromium(III) Complexes as Single-Component Catalysts for the Activation of Carbon Dioxide and Epoxides
No full textCobalt(III) and chromium(III) salophen chloride complexes were synthesized and tested for the cycloaddition of carbon dioxide (CO2) with epoxides to obtain cyclic carbonates. The cat1, cat2, cat4, and cat5 complexes presented high catalytic activity without cocatalysts and are solvent-free at 100 °C, 8 bar, and 9 h. At these conditions, the terminal epoxides (1a-1k) were successfully converted into the corresponding cyclic carbonates with a maximum conversion of ∼99%. Moreover, cat5 was highlighted due to its capability of opening internal epoxides such as limonene oxide (1l) with a 36% conversion to limonene carbonate (2l), and from cyclohexene oxide (1m), cyclic trans-cyclohexene carbonate (2m) and poly(cyclohexene carbonate) were obtained with 15% and 85% selectivity, respectively. A study of the coupling reaction mechanism was proposed with the aid of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis, confirming the single-component behavior of the complexes through their ionization due to epoxide coordination. In addition, crystallographic analysis of cat1 single crystals grown in a saturated solution of pyridine helped to demonstrate that the substitution of chloride ion by pyridine ligands to form an octahedral coordination occurs (Py-cat1), supporting the proposed mechanism. Also, a recyclability study was performed for cat5, and a total turnover number of 952 was obtained with only minor losses in catalytic activity after five cycles. © 2024 American Chemical Society.Universidad de los Andes de Bogotá; Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico, FONDECYT, (1200748, 1230537); Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico, FONDECY
Unraveling the key step in the aroma puzzle: Insights into alcohol acyltransferases in strawberries
No full textAlcohol acyltransferases (AATs) play a crucial role in catalyzing the transfer of acyl groups, contributing to the diverse aroma of fruits, including strawberries. In this research we identified nine AAT genes in strawberries through a comprehensive analysis involving phylogenetics, gene structure, conserved motifs, and structural protein model examinations. The study used the ‘Camarosa’ strawberry genome database, and experiments were conducted with fruits harvested at different developmental and ripening stages. The transcriptional analysis revealed differential expression patterns among the AAT genes during fruit ripening, with only four genes (SAAT, FaAAT2, FaAAT7, and FaAAT9) showing increased transcript accumulation correlated with total AAT enzyme activity. Additionally, the study employed in silico methods, including sequence alignment, phylogenetic analysis, and structural modeling, to gain insights into the AAT protein model structures with increase expression pattern during fruit ripening. The four modeled AAT proteins exhibited structural similarities, including conserved catalytic sites and solvent channels. Furthermore, the research investigated the interaction of AAT proteins with different substrates, highlighting the enzymes' promiscuity in substrate preferences. The study contributes with valuable information to unveil AAT gene family members in strawberries, providing scientific background for further exploration of their biological characteristics and their role in aroma biosynthesis during fruit ripening. © 2024 Elsevier Masson SASFondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico, FONDECYT, (1220782, 3220284, 1211057, 11220444, FOVI230136, 21241441); Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico, FONDECYT; Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo, ANID, (190093); Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo, ANI
A novel conservative technique to allow oral opening and overcome rigor mortis during medicolegal autopsy
No full textThis study presents a novel conservative technique to increase oral opening and overcome rigor mortis during medicolegal autopsy (MLA). The method proposes a myotomy of the temporalis and masseter muscles, taking advantage of the incisions of the cranial opening procedures, to achieve a significant oral opening (≥ 30 mm) in fresh cadavers with established rigor mortis without altering facial aesthetics. The study was performed on 48 individuals aged between 18 and 66 years (20 males and 28 females) who were autopsied at the Instituto Nacional de Patología Forense Dr. Sergio Sarita Valdez (Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic). The proposed technique not only allowed the oral access to all autopsied cadavers but also complied with current ethical standards for preserving facial aesthetics, taking into account the concerns of family members by allowing respectful viewing of the cadaver. This advancement not only contributes to the efficiency of oral autopsies but also influences public perception of forensic procedures and highlights the importance of ethical and aesthetic considerations in the context of MLAs. The proposed technique represents a significant step towards more respectful and ethical forensic practices, and offers practical advantages for a more complete and accurate assessment during MLA. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.Universidad de La Frontera, UFRO, (PP23-0042
Symmetry-dependent domain wall propagation in triangular nanowires
No full textMagnetic domain walls (DW) are interesting for several technologies requiring perfect control of their propagation along a nanostructure. Therefore, it is necessary to better understand their dynamics. In this paper, using micromagnetic simulations, we analyze the DW propagation along nanowires (NWs) with triangular cross-section, clarifying the role of cross-section symmetry on the DW velocity. Our results evidence that the lowest DW velocity occurs for equilateral triangles. Such behavior is strongly associated with changes in the magnetic energy of the system during DW rotation around the NW axis. Since fully regular cross-sections cannot be easily fabricated, studying the DW dynamics in NWs with non-regular cross-sections could be useful for experimental works. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.BASAL; CNPq, Brazil and Fapemig; Cedenna and Universidad de Santiago de Chile; Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico, FONDECYT, (1220215); Centro para el Desarrollo de la Nanociencia y la Nanotecnología, CEDENNA; Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo, ANID, (AFB220001
Epithelioid Myoepithelioma of the Parotid Gland: A Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Study
No full textThe diagnosis and classification of salivary gland tumours is complicated by the wide variety of histological types that exist. Many authors attribute this complexity to the myoepithelial component of these tumours. The objective of this study is to evaluate the histological and immunohistochemical properties of a parotid gland myoepithelioma, in order to further our understanding of the differential diagnosis of salivary gland tumours which contain myoepitheliocytes. Histological specimens were analyzed using haematoxylin and eosin (H&E), periodic acid Schiff (PAS), Cason, Alcian blue, toluidine blue, a-SMA, p63 and ki67. The tumour examined was completely encapsulated, with solid cellular regions delimitated by a stroma. The stroma consisted of wide acidophilic and PAS-positive hyaline septae with areas of metachromasia. The tumour cells contained clear cytoplasm and round nuclei with lax chromatin, although some had more elongated nuclei and occasional dense chromatin. Neither cellular atypia nor mitotic figures were observed. Immunostaining was positive for a-SMA and p63, while it was negative for ki67. The histological characteristics of the tumour analyzed were consistent with a benign myoepithelioma, a rare tumour which represents less than 1% of salivary gland neoplasias. Immunostaining confirmed the morphological diagnosis of myoepithelioma. The absence of cytological changes and mitosis and its encapsulation differentiate it from its malignant counterpart. In comparison to pleomorphic adenoma, the myoepithelioma does not demonstrate ductal differentiation or chondromyxoid stroma. Importantly, the epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma does develop tubular structures not seen in myoepithelioma. p63, which may act as an oncogene, is expressed within the nuclei of myoepitheliocytes of normal salivary glands. Its expression is retained in tumour myoepitheliocytes and thus it may play a role in oncogenesis