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Dynamics of Gut Microbiota and Short-Chain Fatty Acids during a Cycling Grand Tour Are Related to Exercise Performance and Modulated by Dietary Intake
No full textBackground: Regular exercise has been described to modify both the diversity and the relative abundance of certain bacterial taxa. To our knowledge, the effect of a cycling stage race, which entails extreme physiological and metabolic demands, on the gut microbiota composition and its metabolic activity has not been analysed. Objective: The aim of this cohort study was to analyse the dynamics of faecal microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) content of professional cyclists over a Grand Tour and their relationship with performance and dietary intake. Methods: 16 professional cyclists competing in La Vuelta 2019 were recruited. Faecal samples were collected at four time points: the day before the first stage (A); after 9 stages (B); after 15 stages (C); and on the last stage (D). Faecal microbiota populations and SCFA content were analysed using 16S rRNA sequencing and gas chromatography, respectively. A principal component analysis (PCA) followed by Generalised Estimating Equation (GEE) models were carried out to explore the dynamics of microbiota and SCFAs and their relationship with performance. Results: Bifidobacteriaceae, Coriobacteriaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae, and Sutterellaceae dynamics showed a strong final performance predictive value (r = 0.83, ranking, and r = 0.81, accumulated time). Positive correlations were observed between Coriobacteriaceae with acetate (r = 0.530) and isovalerate (r = 0.664) and between Bifidobacteriaceae with isobutyrate (r = 0.682). No relationship was observed between SCFAs and performance. The abundance of Erysipelotrichaceae at the beginning of La Vuelta was directly related to the previous intake of complex-carbohydrate-rich foods (r = 0.956), while during the competition, the abundance of Bifidobacteriaceae was negatively affected by the intake of simple carbohydrates from supplements (r = −0.650). Conclusions: An ecological perspective represents more realistically the relationship between gut microbiota composition and performance compared to single-taxon approaches. The composition and periodisation of diet and supplementation during a Grand Tour, particularly carbohydrates, could be designed to modulate gut microbiota composition to allow better performance. © 2024 by the authors.Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, MCIU; Federación Española de Enfermedades Raras, FEDER; Agencia Estatal de Investigación, AEI, (RTI2018-095021-J-I00); Agencia Estatal de Investigación, AEI; Gobierno del Principado de Asturias, GPA, (AYUD/2021/51347); Gobierno del Principado de Asturias, GPA; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, MCIN, (PID2021-127812OB-I00); Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, MCINUniversidad Autónoma de Chil
Subcutaneous lateral brow lift, an option with local anesthesia.
No full textThe aim of this article is to present a case series of subcutaneous lateral brow lifts with local anesthesia. The case series includes 9 subjects operated on between 2014 and 2016, with an average age of 57 years and with no limitations on ethnic group or gender. The surgery was done bilaterally entirely under local anesthesia. After a minimum follow-up of 3 months, no major complications were observed, only partial suture dehiscence at two surgical sites that did not require surgical management of the zone. Good results were established, being fast, economical and with low morbidity. It is concluded that the subcutaneous brow lift with local anesthesia can be applied with a low rate of complications and good results
Retrospective analysis of the pelagic ecosystem of the Western Mediterranean Sea: Drivers, changes and effects
No full textIn the Western Mediterranean Sea, forage fishes have changed in abundance, body condition, growth, reproduction, and distribution in the last decades. Different hypotheses have been proposed to explain these changes, including increase in fishing mortality; changes in environmental conditions affecting species fitness, and planktonic productivity and quality; recovery of top predators; and increase in competitors. We investigated the main drivers and changes of the pelagic ecosystem and their effects using an ecosystem-based modelling approach. Specifically, we (1) quantified the potential historical contribution of various drivers of change, (2) investigated changes in temporal trends and spatial distributions of main ecosystem components, and (3) identified ecological consequences of these changes in top predator and competitors, their fisheries and ecosystem traits during 2000–2020. We updated an established Ecopath food-web model representing the Spanish and French Mediterranean sub-areas (GSA06 and GSA07) in 2000 with recent available data. We applied the temporal dynamic Ecosim module, and tested historical time series of fishing effort, fishing mortality and environmental factors as potential drivers. Observed biomass and landings of key species were used to validate model projections. A spatial-temporal Ecospace model was developed to project species distribution changes. Results showed historical biomass and catch changes driven by a combination of high fishing pressure and environmental change (i.e. increase in temperature and salinity, and decline in primary productivity). Small pelagic fish showed significant temporal changes and predicted shifts in their distributions, following a latitudinal gradient. Predators and competitors showed changes as well, displaying heterogeneous spatial patterns, while fisheries landings declined. Overall, results matched observations (e.g., decline of sardine, fluctuations of anchovy and increases in bluefin tuna) and illustrated the need to complement traditional assessments with integrative frameworks to move towards an ecosystem-based approach in the Mediterranean. They also highlighted important knowledge gaps to guide future research in the region. © 2023ICM-CSIC, (RYC2020-030078-I, RYC2021-033065-I); ICM-TEF; SEINE-ETP, (CTM2017-88939-R); State Research Agency; Marine Science Institute, College of Natural Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, UTMSI, (FJC2020-043449-I, FJC2020-044367-I); Marine Science Institute, College of Natural Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, UTMSI; European Commission, EC, (CEX2019-000928-S); European Commission, EC; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, MICINN; Horizon 2020, (869300); Horizon 2020; Agencia Estatal de Investigación, AEI; Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines, UP MS
Cyanobacterial pigment adsorbed on TiO2 thin films
No full textThe rise in toxicity related to cyanobacterial bloom in freshwater is a current problem that perturbs the trophic chain and risks the ecosystems and human health. Currently, the use of biomass as a potential source of value-added bio-products is an important goal to be achieved in the scope of a sustainable bio-economy. Thus, taking advantage of such bacteria is needed. In the present work, we studied the use of cyanobacterial biomass coming from the Malambo swamp in Colombia as a source of Phycocyanobilin (C-PC) and Chlorophyll-a (Chla) which were used as natural pigments for TiO2 thin films. The concentration obtained of C-PC and Chla extracted were 215 μg/mL and 0.417 μg/mL, respectively. We modeled the natural dye adsorption kinetics on TiO2 thin films through three different models. The Langmuir model showed the best fitting, indicating that the pigment extracted from cyanobacterial biomass can sensitize thin TiO2 film through the formation of a monolayer. Furthermore, the TiO2 films present higher adsorption of C-PC (25.8 mg/g) than Chla (23.3 mg/g). Finally, the adsorption modes were assessed using periodic DFT approximations, which is a remarkable method for studying the structure and properties of solid materials. In terms of binding energies, it was found that the dye shows the strongest interaction with TiO2 through the titanium atom. Thus, the main contribution of this work is directed to explore in deep the natural dye adsorption on TiO2 from both experimental and computational point of view. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.Anillos de Ciencia y Tecnología, (ACT210057); Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico, FONDECYT, (1231194, 3240414, 1241917); Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico, FONDECY
Temperature, pH, and oxygen availability contributed to the functional differentiation of ancient Nitrososphaeria
No full textAmmonia-oxidizing Nitrososphaeria are among the most abundant archaea on Earth and have profound impacts on the biogeochemical cycles of carbon and nitrogen. In contrast to these well-studied ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), deep-branching non-AOA within this class remain poorly characterized because of a low number of genome representatives. Here, we reconstructed 128 Nitrososphaeria metagenome-assembled genomes from acid mine drainage and hot spring sediment metagenomes. Comparative genomics revealed that extant non-AOA are functionally diverse, with capacity for carbon fixation, carbon monoxide oxidation, methanogenesis, and respiratory pathways including oxygen, nitrate, sulfur, or sulfate, as potential terminal electron acceptors. Despite their diverse anaerobic pathways, evolutionary history inference suggested that the common ancestor of Nitrososphaeria was likely an aerobic thermophile. We further surmise that the functional differentiation of Nitrososphaeria was primarily shaped by oxygen, pH, and temperature, with the acquisition of pathways for carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur metabolism. Our study provides a more holistic and less biased understanding of the diversity, ecology, and deep evolution of the globally abundant Nitrososphaeria. © The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Society for Microbial Ecology
Early Onset Neonatal Sepsis; Diagnostic Value of Some Laboratory Tests
No full textEarly Onset Neonatal Sepsis (EONS) is a clinical situation resulting from the invasion and proliferation of bacteria, fungi or viruses in the newborn (NB) bloodstream, which occurs within the first 72 hours of life. To determine the diagnostic usefulness of laboratory tests performed on infants with suspicion of early neonatal sepsis at the Santa Barbara Integrated Hospital, Honduras. A case-control study was carried out during 2016; the cases were 20 infants with early onset neonatal sepsis, and the controls were 40 infants who were admitted as potentially septic, but the blood culture result was negative. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative (NPV) of leukocytosis, platelets, initial C-reactive protein (CRP) and control were calculated. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 19. It was found that 17 (28.3 %) NB were women and 43 (71.7 %) were men. The VPP of the initial PCR was 5 %, increasing to 85 % in the control study. The isolated microorganism was enterobacter in 6 (30 %) of the RNs. Of the 23 (38.3 %) neonates who presented complications; 11 (48 %) had positive blood culture and 12 (52 %) had negative blood cultures. The discharge condition was medical discharge in 55 (92 %) and referred to a more complex hospital 5 (8 %) of the neonates. The VPP of the C-reactive protein increases considerably when doing a laboratory control,between 24-48 hours
Tratado de Inversiones Extranjeras y Arbitraje de Inversiones en Iberoamérica (Carlos Esplugues Mota, Editor). Valencia, Tirant lo blanch, 2020, p719.
No full textLa inversión extranjera directa ha alcanzado niveles y cifras significativas, que evidencian la dinámica relación económica entre los distintos países en el mundo. Debido a su importancia, una multiplicidad de tratados internacionales para promoverla y protegerla ha sido suscrito durante los últimos 70 años. Junto a ello, se agrega la promulgación de varias legislaciones locales y una cantidad importante de laudos arbitrales dictados hasta la fecha, lo que genera una compleja red de conocimiento que el interesado en la materia debe analizar. El libro, cuya reseña se presenta, tiene como propósito ofrecer al lector el estado del arte del régimen jurídico internacional de la inversión foránea y del arbitraje de inversiones en España y en América Latina
EFECTOS DE LAS RESTRICCIONES COVD-19 EN LOS NIVELES DE ACTIVIDAD FÍSICA Y EN LA SALUD DE LOS ESCOLARES ESPAÑOLES
No full textObjective. To determine the PA level, weight status, and health and quality of life of children aged 7 to 16 years and to determine the support of families in the promotion of PA during the pandemic. Methods. A total of 325 healthy Andalusian children (155 girls) (age= 9.18 ± 1.42 years) participated. Anthropometric data were recorded and the following questionnaires were used: Sallis' parent support scale, Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory and the Physical Activity Questionnaire For Children. Results. During the pandemic, 72.6 % of the school children had reduced their level of PA, 58.8 % indicated that in their locality there had been a reduction in the supply of PA and sports and 72.9 % indicated that in their locality sports facilities had been closed. A high time spent using screens was observed (4.68±1.59 hours per day). The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 16.2 % and 13.5 % respectively. Discussion. Epidemiological data on the prevalence of pre-pandemic overweight and obesity in Spanish children was between 21.4% and 14.2%, in the current study we found percentages between 16.2% and 13.5% respectively. The mean pre-pandemic PAQ values were 3.54 for boys and 3.31 for girls in Primary Education. These values are higher than those found in the current study. Conclusions. The COVID-19 pandemic in Spain has led to a reduction in the possibilities of performing PA in schoolchildren, which could be the cause of the high use of screens. Despite this obesogenic scenario, the levels of overweight and obesity, cardiometabolic risk and health and quality of life of the children were similar to pre-pandemic references. © 2024 Didactic Asociation Andalucia. All rights reserved.Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Teaching grassroots soccer: a systematic review of literature
No full textBackground and Study Aim The process of soccer training for children and young people involves systematic exercise over an extended period to build a strong foundation of motor skills. These skills are designed to be both versatile and specific to the sport. The purpose of this research is to conduct a systematic review of literature related to the process of teaching grassroots football. This review aims to contribute to a better understanding of the strategies and methods employed in the development and training of young athletes. Material and Methods To conduct this review, studies were searched in the Web of Science (WOS) and Scopus databases from 2012 to 2022. The search focused on scientific articles addressing soccer teaching for children and girls up to 14 years old, using the keywords “children AND (football OR soccer) AND teaching.” The sample was limited to research in Spanish and English. The search yielded 149 articles, from which 19 studies were selected based on their titles and abstracts. Results The findings revealed two main categories: teaching methods and their impact on technical and tactical skills in grassroots football, and factors affecting technical-tactical performance in this context. The most significant findings emphasize the importance of a comprehensive approach to teaching grassroots football, which involves the coordination of knowledge, skills, strategies, decision-making, and technical abilities. Conclusions The review concludes that a variety of teaching approaches should be considered, and methodologies should be constantly evaluated to train future footballers with a deep understanding of the game. © Alejandro Almonacid-Fierro, Ricardo Souza de Carvalho, Sergio Sepúlveda-Vallejos, Jorge Méndez-Cornejo, Mirko Aguilar-Valdés, 2024.Agenția Națională pentru Cercetare și Dezvoltare, ANCD; Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo, ANID, (21232143)Universidad Autónoma de Chil
JNK signaling and its impact on neural cell maturation and differentiation
No full textC-Jun-N-terminal-kinases (JNKs), members of the mitogen-activated-protein-kinase family, are significantly linked with neurological and neurodegenerative pathologies and cancer progression. However, JNKs serve key roles under physiological conditions, particularly within the central-nervous-system (CNS), where they are critical in governing neural proliferation and differentiation during both embryogenesis and adult stages. These processes control the development of CNS, avoiding neurodevelopment disorders. JNK are key to maintain the proper activity of neural-stem-cells (NSC) and neural-progenitors (NPC) that exist in adults, which keep the convenient brain plasticity and homeostasis. This review underscores how the interaction of JNK with upstream and downstream molecules acts as a regulatory mechanism to manage the self-renewal capacity and differentiation of NSC/NPC during CNS development and in adult neurogenic niches. Evidence suggests that JNK is reliant on non-canonical Wnt components, Fbw7-ubiquitin-ligase, and WDR62-scaffold-protein, regulating substrates such as transcription factors and cytoskeletal proteins. Therefore, understanding which pathways and molecules interact with JNK will bring knowledge on how JNK activation orchestrates neuronal processes that occur in CNS development and brain disorders. © 2024 The AuthorsInstituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Occidente, Universidad Jesuita de Guadalajara; Generalitat de Catalunya, (2021 SGR 00288); Generalitat de Catalunya; Institute of Neurosciences UB, (UB-LE-9035, CEX2021-001159-M, UB-LE-9115); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, (CB06/05/2004); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, MCIU, (PID2021-123462OB-I00); Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, MCI