Repositorio académico de acceso abierto (Univ. Autonóma de Chile)
Not a member yet
7149 research outputs found
Sort by
Effects of exercise, physical activity, and sports on physical fitness in adults with Down syndrome: A systematic review
No full textThis systematic review aimed to analyze the effects of exercise, physical activity, and sports on physical fitness in adults with Down syndrome (DS). A literature search was conducted across four databases EBSCO, Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed. The PRISMA guidelines were followed. The PEDro scale and the Cochrane risk of bias tool were used to assess the quality and risk of the studies, respectively. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (code: CRD42023449627). Of the 423 records initially found, 13 were finally included in the systematic review, in which 349 adults with DS participated. 92% of the articles declared at least one significant difference post-intervention. The available evidence indicates that exercise, physical activity, and sports have a positive effect on some variables of physical fitness, especially strength, balance, body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, flexibility, and functional capacity. Furthermore, it should be considered as an additional treatment or complementary therapy to improve the functionality and quality of life of adults with DS. © 2024 American Institute of Mathematical Sciences. All rights reserved
AVANCES DE LA TRANSPARENCIA ACTIVA Y DATOS ABIERTOS EN GOBIERNOS LOCALES: EL CASO DE COQUIMBO Y LA SERENA EN CHILE
No full text¿Cómo es la calidad de los datos abiertos que se difunden en los Portales de Transparencia Activa en los gobiernos municipales de La Serena y Coquimbo, en Chile? Esta pregunta condujo este estudio de tipo transversal, mixto y de alcance descriptivo. A partir de una revisión de la Carta Internacional de Datos Abiertos y de la Ley 20.285 se delimitaron dimensiones e indicadores de evaluación. Los hallazgos muestran que en ambos municipios se ha avanzado en la Apertura, Oportunidad y Exhaustividad, y en la Accesibilidad y Utilidad de la información pública. El principal desafío sigue siendo la Comparación e Interoperabilidad de los datos, lo que impide mayor transparencia en la gestión municipal y en la creación de valor público
Evidence-Based Clinical Practice. General Concepts and Reasons for Use in Surgery
No full textThe evidence-based clinical practice (EBCP), is an important issue for clinicians in general; and surgeons as clinicians, we must not stand apart from it, because given the role that we play as educators of future generations of clinicians and surgeons, and due to the avalanche of information from the Internet, must be updated on critical evaluation of the literature to which our students access permanently. On the other hand, the EBCP has even invaded the field of management and administration in health, and in our work, with some frequency we are confronted with healthcare management and administration activities. EBCP involves a series of converging disciplines such as clinical epidemiology, critical reading of biomedical research, research design, biostatistics, health technology assessment, management and health management, etc. The aim of this manuscript was to present some generalities about the EBCP and why it should be used in the practice of surgery and related disciplines.
Evolution and Research Trends About Emerging Adulthood: A Bibliometric Analysis
No full textThis article presents the evolution and recent research tendencies of emerging adulthood. For this, a bibliometric analysis was conducted of documents published in the Web of Science (N = 5,372). The notion of emerging adulthood arose in the 1990s, and the number of documents on this topic has systematically grown since the first decade of the 2000s. Growth in this area has also been accompanied by diversification. This diversity is reflected by the number of categories that the Web of Science tags in association with each author’s country of affiliation. Following are the three large thematic clusters within this area: emerging adulthood; adolescence; and young adult. The present study was limited to documents catalogued in the Web of Science, and consideration should be given to the idiomatic biases of this indexer. A further limitation of this study is that the search for “emerging adulthood” excluded related terminology, such as “emerging adult” “young adult” and “adolescent.” © 2023 Society for the Study of Emerging Adulthood and SAGE Publishing.Convocatoria, (2021/SA77210029); Convocatoria Nacional Subvención a Instalación en la Academia; Fondecyt de Iniciación, (11220162); Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo, ANI
Novel strains of Actinobacteria associated with neotropical social wasps (Vespidae; Polistinae, Epiponini) with antimicrobial potential for natural product discovery
No full textAntimicrobial resistance has been considered a public health threat. The World Health Organization has warned about the urgency of detecting new antibiotics from novel sources. Social insects could be crucial in the search for new antibiotic metabolites, as some of them survive in places that favor parasite development. Recent studies have shown the potential of social insects to produce antimicrobial metabolites (e.g. ants, bees, and termites). However, most groups of social wasps remain unstudied. Here, we explored whether Actinobacteria are associated with workers in the Neotropical Social Wasps (Epiponini) of Costa Rica and evaluated their putative inhibitory activity against other bacteria. Most isolated strains (67%) have antagonistic effects, mainly against Bacillus thuringensis and Escherichia coli ATCC 25992. Based on genome analysis, some inhibitory Actinobacteria showed biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) related to the production of antimicrobial molecules such as Selvamycin, Piericidin A1, and Nystatin. The Actinobacteria could be associated with social wasps to produce antimicrobial compounds. For these reasons, we speculate that Actinobacteria associated with social wasps could be a novel source of antimicrobial compounds, mainly against Gram-negative bacteria. © The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of FEMS.Institut Pasteur; Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, ITCR, (VIE-1510090, VIE-1510143); ANID-FONDECYT, (1210563); Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico, FONDECYT, (11230475)Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Trip Generation Rates and Mobility Patterns in Gated Residential Communities in Córdoba, Argentina
No full textTrip generation rates in eight gated residential communities with different location built environments, street connectivity and transit service availability, show the influence of these variables on mobility patterns. Classified vehicle entry and exit counts at each site’s gates were performed, including private car, taxi, motorcycle, school van, walk, bicycle and truck, while passengers were registered for occupancy rate estimation. Car trip generation rates per residential unit in those communities located in low density areas with little street connectivity and limited access to transit services, were three times greater than car trip rates in communities placed in denser areas with better street connectivity and available transit services. Private car ridership in isolated communities was over 70%, while riding transit, walking and biking were less frequent
Importance of Testosterone on Adaptation at High Altitude
No full textAdaptation or natural acclimatization results from the interaction between genetic variations and acclimatization resulting in individuals with ability to live and reproduce without problems at high altitudes. Testosterone is a hormone that increases erythropoiesis and inhibits ventilation. It could therefore, be associated to the adaptation to high altitudes. Excessive erythrocytosis, which in turn will develop chronic mountain sickness is caused by low arterial oxygen saturation and ventilatory inefficiency and blunted ventilatory response to hypoxia. Testosterone is elevated in natives at high altitude with excessive erythrocytosis (>21 g /dl hemoglobin in men and >19 g/dl in women). Natives from the Peruvian central Andes with chronic mountain sickness express gene SENP1 that enhances the activity of the androgen receptor. Results of the current investigations suggest that increase in serum testosterone and hemoglobin is not adequate for adaptation to high altitude
First Insights about Antiparasitic and Action Mechanisms of the Antimicrobial Peptide Hepcidin from Salmonids against Caligus rogercresseyi
No full textCurrently, one of the primary challenges in salmon farming is caligidosis, caused by the copepod ectoparasites Caligus spp. The infection process is determined by the copepod’s ability to adhere to the fish skin through the insertion of its chitin-composed filament. In this study, we examined several antimicrobial peptides previously identified in salmonid mucosal secretions, with a primary focus on their potential to bind to chitin as an initial step. The binding capacity to chitin was tested, with hepcidin and piscidin showing positive results. Further assessments involving cytotoxicity in salmonid cells RTgill-W1, SHK-1, RTS-11, and RT-gut indicated that the peptides did not adversely affect cell viability. However, hemolysis assays unveiled the hemolytic capacity of piscidin at lower concentrations, leading to the selection of hepcidin for antiparasitic assays. The results demonstrated that the nauplius II stage of C. rogercresseyi exhibited higher susceptibility to hepcidin treatments, achieving a 50% reduction in parasitic involvement at 50 µM. Utilizing fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy, we observed the localization of hepcidin on the surface of the parasite, inducing significant spherical protuberances along the exoskeleton of C. rogercresseyi. These findings suggest that cysteine-rich AMPs derived from fish mucosa possess the capability to alter the development of the chitin exoskeleton in copepod ectoparasites, making them therapeutic targets to combat recurrent parasitic diseases in salmon farming. © 2024 by the authors.ANID-Chile; Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico, FONDECYT, (1210056, 1231088); Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico, FONDECYT; FOVI, (230188, FOVI 220076)Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Lifestyle risk factors and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in the Mexico City prospective study: Assessing the influence of reverse causation
No full textBackground: We examined the association between individual lifestyle risk factors with all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Methods: Prospective cohort study including 155,002 participants from the Mexico City Prospective Study. Cox regression models were used to estimate the association between individual lifestyle risk factors and all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Participants with prevalent diseases at baseline and participants who died during the first 2, 5, 10, and 15 years of follow-up were excluded to account for reverse causation. Results: 27,469 people died during 18.3 years of follow-up years. Overweight and moderate alcohol consumption were inversely associated with all-cause mortality, while low physical activity and smoking were positively associated when all participants were included, regardless of prevalent disease or duration of follow-up. The direction of the association of overweight with all-cause mortality changed from inverse to positive after excluding the first 10 years of follow-up. Compared with normal weight, the hazard ratio (95 % confidence interval) was 1.17 (1.13,1.22) for obesity after excluding those who died in the first 5 years of follow-up and 1.71 (1.59,1.84) after excluding the first 15 years of follow-up. The magnitude of the association of alcohol intake, low physical activity, and smoking with mortality attenuated, whereas for fruits and vegetables increased, after excluding longer periods of follow-up. Limitations: The data were collected exclusively in Mexico City; lifestyle risk factors were self-reported and thus prone to misclassification bias. Conclusions: Reverse causation may influence both the magnitude and the direction of the associations between lifestyle risk factors and mortality. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.Medical Research Council, MRC; Mexican Health Ministry; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, CONACYT; Wellcome Trust, WT; Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Doctorados, Universidad Autónoma de Chile; Universidad Autónoma de Chile.This, (2022-020
Prophages carrying Zot toxins on different Vibrio genomes: A comprehensive assessment using multilayer networks
No full textVibrios, a group of bacteria that are among the most abundant in marine environments, include several species such as Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus, which can be pathogenic to humans. Some species of Vibrio contain prophages within their genomes. These prophages can carry genes that code for toxins, such as the zonula occludens toxin (Zot), which contribute to bacterial virulence. Understanding the association between different Vibrio species, prophages and Zot genes can provide insights into their ecological interactions. In this study, we evaluated 4619 Vibrio genomes from 127 species to detect the presence of prophages carrying the Zot toxin. We found 2030 potential prophages with zot-like genes in 43 Vibrio species, showing a non-random association within a primarily modular interaction network. Some prophages, such as CTX or Vf33, were associated with specific species. In contrast, prophages phiVCY and VfO3K6 were found in 28 and 20 Vibrio species, respectively. We also identified six clusters of Zot-like sequences in prophages, with the ZOT2 cluster being the most frequent, present in 34 Vibrio species. This analysis helps to understand the distribution patterns of zot-containing prophages across Vibrio genomes and the potential routes of Zot-like toxin dissemination. © 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico, FONDECYT, (1200521); Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico, FONDECY