Repositorio académico de acceso abierto (Univ. Autonóma de Chile)
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Is it Necessary to Accurately Know the Response of Facial Soft Tissues to Bone Movement in Orthognatic/Orthofacial Surgery?
No full textOrthognatic and orthofacial surgery contains procedures designed to correct skeletal facial anomalies, presenting clear aesthetic and functional orientations. Outcomes have demonstrated that the technique is efficient in the short and long terms; nowadays, orthognatic surgery is common in facial surgical practice. Nevertheless, the aesthetic aspects of the indication and results of the surgery make accurate planning a challenge, raising doubts in terms of recognizing the real soft tissue response to the movement produced at bone level. A prospective, multicenter study will be necessary to define this clinical situation? This brief review is an example of how necessary to study new methodologies about the response of soft tissue to bone movements
Assessing the modifications and degradation of cell wall polymers during the ripening process of Rubus ulmifolius Schott fruit
No full textThe stability of cell walls and their constituents, extractives, and water during the development and ripening stages of Rubus ulmifolius Schott fruits (blackberry fruit) was explored. The cell wall plays a crucial role in providing structural support and protection to the fruit, maintaining its shape and integrity. It acts as a barrier against mechanical stress, pathogens, and environmental factors. The ripening stages of blackberry fruit were previously classified in four stages according to the size and volatile components in each one. In the present work, we examine the water and sugar content, thermodynamic properties of the cell wall, and colour determination in each of the four ripening stages. The results indicate that the thermal stability of the fruit decreases during ripening, attributed to depolymerisation and changes in the physicochemical properties of the cell wall polysaccharides. Furthermore, the research reveals that the fruit’s colour and sugar content undergo changes throughout its development and ripening process. These findings suggest that the stability of the cell walls in ripening fruits is influenced by their constituents and interactions, and that ripening is accompanied by alterations. This knowledge can be used to improve fruit production, storage, and marketing strategies, ultimately benefiting both producers and consumers. © 2024 Journal of Horticultural Science & Biotechnology
Meeting 24-h movement behavior guidelines is linked to academic engagement, psychological functioning, and cognitive difficulties in youth with internalizing problems
No full textBackground: This study aimed to investigate associations of meeting 24-h movement behavior (24-HMB: physical activity [PA], screen time [ST] in the school-aged youth, and sleep) guidelines with indicators of academic engagement, psychological functioning, and cognitive function in a national representative sample of U.S. youth. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 1794 participants aged 6 to 17 years old were included for multivariable logistic regression to determine the above-mentioned associations, while adjusting for sociodemographic and health covariates. Results: The proportion of participants who met 24-HMB guideline(s) varied greatly (PA+ ST+ sleep = 34 [weighted 1.17 %], PA + ST = 23 [weighted 1.72 %], PA + sleep = 52 [weighted 2.15 %], PA = 34 [weighted 2.88 %], ST = 142 [weighted 7.5 %], ST+ sleep = 209 [weighted 11.86 %], sleep = 725 [weighted 35.5 %], none = 575 [weighted 37.22 %]). Participants who met ST guideline alone and integrated (ST + Sleep and ST + sleep + PA) guidelines demonstrated the consistently beneficial associations with learning interest/curiosity, caring for school performance, completing required homework, resilience, cognitive difficulties, self-regulation (ps < 0.05). Conclusion: Meeting 24-HMB guidelines in an isolated or integrative manner was associated with improved academic engagement, psychological functioning, and reduced cognitive difficulties. These findings highlight the importance of the promotion of 24-HMB guidelines in youth with internalizing problems. Future longitudinal studies are needed to investigate whether changes or modifications of meeting specific 24-HMB guidelines (especially ST) is beneficial for youth with internalizing problems. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.Shenzhen Educational Research Funding, (zdzb2014); Social Science Foundation; Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, MOE, (2022M711174, 23YJA880093); Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, MOE; Science, Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality, (202307313000096); Science, Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality; National Center for Mental Health, NCMH, (Z014); National Center for Mental Health, NCM
Conformación del cuerpo académico de los programas
No full textLa conformación del cuerpo académico de los programas doctorales se rige por las disposiciones aprobadas en el Reglamento Orgánico de la Universidad Autónoma de Chile, mediante Res. de Rectoría N° 228/2023 del 28 de diciembre de 2023 (anexo 46), y previamente por la Res. de Rectoría N° 148/2020 y N° 229/2018. Y es de acuerdo con el Reglamento General de Estudios Conducentes al Grado de Doctor de la UA, Res. de Rectoría N° 014/2022, que se establecen políticas y normativas que determinan las normas básicas de los programas doctorales, incluyendo los procesos de selección, contratación y evaluación del cuerpo académico doctoral, así como también su desvinculación
EVALUACIÓN DE LAS CARACTERÍSTICAS DEL IMPUESTO PREDIAL EN MÉXICO
No full textEl impuesto predial es la principal fuente tributaria de ingresos de los municipios de México. Motivado por lo anterior, y con el objetivo de hacer una aproximación a la capacidad fiscal y las competencias tributarias de los municipios mexicanos, en el presente trabajo se evalúa la eficiencia, la suficiencia, la responsabilidad política, la simplicidad administrativa y la justicia distributiva del predial. Los resultados dan cuenta de las disparidades y las dificultades técnicas e institucionales que la mayoría de los municipios enfrentan para recaudar y administrar este impuesto. Aunado a lo anterior, en el siguiente trabajo se discuten desafíos en materia de equidad territorial y distributiva. Dados los tropiezos en el camino, la idea de enmarcar la descentralización en un proceso de regionalización surge como una nueva posibilidad. No obstante, se discuten limitaciones fiscales, institucionales y políticas que deben tomarse en cuenta si se desea lograr un proceso exitoso
Novos públicos universitários e processos de integração em universidades privadas de massas chilenas
No full textThe massification of university and its openness to new student population led to the reconfiguration of the higher education system, and to the implementation of institutional policies in order to promote the academic integration of these “newcomers”. Therefore, this research paper aims to analyze the main socio-academic characteristics of students in massive private universities, their difficulties to adapt to the university environment, both academically and dispositionally, and the opportunities that higher education opened up for them. Thus, the perceptions of the management teams regarding the students attending six courses at three private massive universities in Santiago, Chile, regarding their students’ body are analyzed. It is concluded that students in these universities are characterized by common features, but also by differentiating factors (essentially depending on their life trajectories) and that they are influenced by the logic of mercantilism that configure the Chilean education. Consequently, it is concluded that these students’ difficulties concern not only the academic domain but also the dispositional one, requiring the university implementation of active socializing strategies (for both students and families). Despite these barriers, there is unanimous agreement among the interviewees about the benefits of attending university: worldview development, competences, and abilities acquisition, high wage returns and, last but not the least, real opportunities for upward intergenerational social mobility. © 2024 Research Center of Universidad Pedagogica Nacional. All rights reserved
Conexiones y desconexiones morales frente al bullying entre alumnado con y sin sistemas de apoyo entre iguales
No full textIntroduction: Situations of peer bullying force to adopt moral positions among those who participate in them. The educational message of the school helps to form positions of inhibition or rejection of abuse. In addition, the leadership (presence)? of students through Support Systems is manifested as an effective prevention strategy for its prevention.
Method: This research compares a sample of Spanish and Brazilian subjects, in schools with and without support systems who are asked for their moral positioning in front of two situations of bullying that show victims of different profiles, passive and provocative. Your answers are classified in different levels of moral quality.
Results: The students who have peers support structures offer better moral positions. There are also better responses among Spanish students than in Brazilian ones.
Conclusion: Promote peer support structures whit the students facilitate their moral growth in situations of bullying and is an effective preventive strategy to improve convivencia in schools.Introducción: Los escenarios de maltrato entre iguales obligan a adoptar posturas morales a quienes participan en ellos respecto de lo que sucede y a sus actores. El discurso educativo de la escuela ayuda a conformar posiciones de inhibición o rechazo del abuso. Además, el protagonismo del alumnado a través de sistemas de apoyo entre iguales se manifiesta como una estrategia de prevención eficaz para su prevención.
Método: Esta investigación compara una muestra de sujetos españoles y brasileños, escolarizados en centros con y sin Sistemas de Apoyo entre Iguales a quienes se pide su posicionamiento moral ante dos situaciones de bullying que muestran víctimas de distinto perfil, pasivo y provocador. Sus respuestas se clasifican en niveles de calidad moral diferente.
Resultados: El alumnado que dispone de estructuras de apoyo entre iguales ofrece mejores posicionamientos morales. También se dan mejores respuestas entre el alumnado español que en el brasileño.
Conclusión: Fomentar estructuras de apoyo entre iguales entre el alumnado facilita su crecimiento moral ante situaciones de bullying y es una estrategia preventiva eficaz para mejorar la convivencia en los centros escolares
Healthy Lifestyle Related to Executive Functions in Chilean University Students: A Pilot Study
No full textBackground: A negative lifestyle is reported to be related to cognitive problems. However, there is little information about this in relation to university students. The objective of the present study was to investigate the association between executive functions (EFs) and lifestyle parameters (i.e., physical activity (PA), sleep duration, screen time (ST), and food habits) among Chilean university students. Methods: This cross-sectional study included a total of 150 university students (94 females and 56 males, aged 21.28 ± 3.15 and 22.18 ± 2.90 years, respectively). Cognitive outcomes were measured using the CogniFit assessment battery. Lifestyle was measured through validated questionnaires. Results: Across the total sample, attention exhibited a positive association with PA h/week (β: 24.34 95% CI: 12.46 to 36.22, p = 0.001). Additionally, coordination was positively associated with PA h/week (β: 15.06 95% CI: 0.62 to 29.50, p < 0.041). PA h/week was positively linked with reasoning (β: 20.34 95% CI: 4.52 to 36.17, p = 0.012) and perception (β: 13.81 95% CI: 4.14 to 23.49, p = 0.005). Moreover, PA h/week was significantly linked to memory (β: 23.01 95% CI: 7.62 to 38.40, p = 0.004). In terms of the EFs, PA h/week showed a positive association with cognitive flexibility (β: 45.60 95% CI: 23.22 to 67.69, p = 0.001). Conclusions: In conclusion, lifestyle (PA h/week) was positively associated with EFs. Therefore, an increase in PA levels among these students should be a target for community- and university-based interventions in order to promote cognitive development such as attention, coordination, reasoning, perception, memory, and cognitive flexibility. © 2024 by the authors.Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, UAdeCUniversidad Autónoma de Chil
Valor diagnóstico del lactato en líquido cefalorraquídeo como biomarcador de meningitis bacteriana
No full textBacterial meningitis is a serious pathology that requires an accurate and early diagnosis. Increased leukocytes, with a predominance of polymorphonuclear cells, increased proteins, and hypoglycorrhachia are indicative of a bacterial etiology, although they do not always correlate with a definitive diagnosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of cerebrospinal fluid lactate as a biomarker of bacterial meningitis.
This is an observational and prospective study in which 706 cerebrospinal fluids from patients treated at the Virgen de Valme University Hospital (Seville, Spain) for 20 months were analyzed. Of the fluid analyzed, in 21 cases bacterial meningitis was diagnosed, in 31 cases bacterial meningitis was compatible, and in 654 cases bacterial meningitis was ruled out. The optimal cut-off point for lactate in cerebrospinal fluid was 3.0 mmol/L, with a sensitivity of 68%, a specificity of 98%, a positive predictive value of 79%, and a negative predictive value of 97%.
Lactate concentration, protein concentration, and the number of leukocytes in cerebrospinal fluid were significantly higher in patients with confirmed bacterial meningitis. The high negative predictive value of lactate is especially useful to rule out bacterial meningitis in sick patients. Lactate is the biomarker with the best diagnostic performance of all those analyzed, so we recommend its inclusion in the cerebrospinal fluid biochemical profile.La meningitis bacteriana es una patología grave que requiere de un diagnóstico preciso y precoz. El aumento de leucocitos, con predominio de polimorfonucleares, la proteinorraquia y la hipoglucorraquia orientan hacía una etiología bacteriana, aunque no siempre se correlacionan con el diagnóstico definitivo. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la utilidad del lactato en líquido cefalorraquídeo como biomarcador de meningitis bacteriana.
Este es un estudio observacional y prospectivo en el que se analizaron 706 líquidos cefalorraquídeos de pacientes atendidos en el Hospital Universitario Virgen de Valme (Sevilla, España) durante 20 meses. De los líquidos analizados, en 21 casos se diagnosticó meningitis bacteriana, en 31 la meningitis bacteriana fue compatible y en 654 casos se descartó esta infección. El punto de corte óptimo del lactato en líquido cefalorraquídeo fue de 3,0 mmol/L, con una sensibilidad de 68%, una especificidad de 98%, un valor predictivo positivo de 79% y un valor predictivo negativo de 97%.
La concentración de lactato, la concentración de proteínas y el número de leucocitos en líquido cefalorraquídeo fue significativamente mayor en los pacientes con meningitis bacteriana confirmada. El alto valor predictivo negativo del lactato es especialmente útil para descartar meningitis bacteriana en pacientes enfermos. El lactato es el biomarcador con mejor rendimiento diagnóstico de todos los analizados, por lo que recomendamos su inclusión en el perfil bioquímico del líquido cefalorraquídeo
Are there any differences in the corporate social responsibility strategy of fruit and vegetable production-commercialization cooperatives and other companies operating in southeastern Spain?
No full textCustomers, civil organizations, the media, and society demand that companies behave in ways beyond regulatory requirements concerning social and environmental issues. Therefore, companies are striving to adapt to these new requirements and to express their commitment to stakeholders through their Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) strategy. The values and principles of cooperatives make them ideal for responsible business management within the framework of CSR. Almeria is a province in southeastern Spain and it is one of the areas with the highest concentration of agribusiness in Europe. This paper aims to empirically verify whether the CSR orientation of agricultural cooperatives in this province are greater than that of other companies because of the application of these principles. Or, if globalization and competition is pushing these organizations to abandon their principles and values while losing their distinctive identity. A cluster analysis was applied to a representative sample of 107 fruit and vegetable production-commercialization companies, and this included five dimensions of study applying the stakeholder theory: partners, employees, customers, farmers, and the environment. According to their legal form, we concluded that these entities do not significantly differ in their corporate social responsibility strategy. The Mann-Whitney nonparametric analysis indicates that only the employee dimension shows significant differences depending on the legal form. © 2023 The Authors. Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Edgard Milhaud Foundation.Universidad Autónoma de Chil