Repositorio académico de acceso abierto (Univ. Autonóma de Chile)
Not a member yet
7149 research outputs found
Sort by
Caracterización de la comprensión emocional en escolares cubanos con manifestaciones agresivas
No full textThe aggressive manifestations constitute problems of high incidence in Cuba and the world, having to work in a preventive way from an early age. The research aimed to characterize the particularities of emotional understanding in schoolchildren with aggressive manifestations. It was used a type of study exploratory-descriptive. The sample consisted of 102 children, 51 with aggressive behavior and 51 age pairs without this condition, selected from a non-probabilistic sampling. The techniques used were: Emotional Comprehension Test and the Aggression Scale of Little et al. The information was analyzed from descriptive statistics, as well as the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis U tests. In children with aggressive manifestations, predominated direct reactive aggression (physical or verbal). Difficulties were found in emotional understanding in a general, mainly at the reflective level. The components most affected were understanding of external causes of emotions and the impact of beliefs on emotions, but more seriously the identification of mixed emotions and regulate them. The differences with the children without aggressive manifestations were significant in practically all aspects, except the external level and the understanding of the possibility of hiding emotions.Las manifestaciones agresivas constituyen problemáticas de elevada incidencia en Cuba y el mundo, debiéndose trabajar de forma preventiva desde edades tempranas. La investigación tuvo como objetivo caracterizar las particularidades de la comprensión emocional en los escolares con manifestaciones agresivas. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo. La muestra quedó conformada por 102 niños, 51 con manifestaciones de agresividad y 51 pares etarios sin esta condición, seleccionados a partir de un muestreo no probabilístico. Como técnicas se emplearon el Test de Comprensión Emocional de Harris y Pons y la Escala de Agresividad de Little et al. Para el procesamiento de la información se utilizó la estadística descriptiva, así como las pruebas U de Mann-Whitney y Kruskal-Wallis. En los niños con manifestaciones agresivas predominó la agresión reactiva directa (física o verbal). Se constataron dificultades en la comprensión emocional de manera general, fundamentalmente en el nivel reflexivo. Los componentes más afectados fueron: la comprensión de las causas, creencias, pero con mayor gravedad la identificación de emociones mixtas y estrategias de regulación. Las diferencias con los niños sin manifestaciones agresivas fueron significativas en prácticamente todos los aspectos, exceptuando el nivel externo y la comprensión de la simulación emocional
An Empirical Investigation on Awareness Regarding Cryptocurrencies Among Investors Under Different Market Regimes
No full textCryptocurrency is one of the most notable financial innovations in recent years. The present study provides a novel methodology to understand the level of awareness regarding cryptocurrencies among investors under different market regimes. The study used a survey questionnaire for a sample of 352 investors in sample Asian countries (India, Japan, South Korea, Singapore, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Oman, and Dubai). The study has developed eight hypotheses that have been tested considering independent (Statement of Responses About cryptocurrency-SORAC) and dependent variables (Market Factors-MF, Social Sentiment Factors-SF, Technological Factors-TF, Stocks-ST, Bank Deposits-BD) by incorporating t-test, regression, and correlation. The results revealed that cryptocurrency has a significant and positive influence on dependent variables among investors under different market regimes. The results from the analytical findings pave the way for the policymakers of these countries to help design robust mechanisms to regulate their cryptocurrencies under different market regimes. © 2024 MDI
Epidermoid Cyst of Uvula: Presentation of Case. Review of the Literature
No full textThe epidermoid cyst is a frequent dermatological entity, being very rare its location in the oral cavity, with a higher prevalence at the level of the floor of the oral cavity. It is considered of congenital etiology, although it occurs predominantly in young adults. They are generally well circumscribed, slow growing and asymptomatic masses, although those located in the oral cavity and oropharynx can cause phonatory, swallowing and respiratory disorders. The diagnosis is clinical, being the differential diagnosis with the dermoid and teratoid cysts only possible with the histopathological study. The treatment is surgical and the prognosis is favorable without relapses. We present a case of epidermoid cyst located in uvula, in a male of 6 months of life, treated surgically, with the tumor excision by a transoral approac
Reflexiones sobre el Absentismo en las aulas Universitarias
No full textIn this work, significant attendance is defined as the extent to which students perceive that the taken classes promote their personal and professional development and contribute to the acquisition of basic and specific skills defined in their university degree program. Based on this approach, the problem under study focuses on the teachers’ concern regarding the increase in university student absenteeism that is particularly observed in lectures. To answer this problem, the following objectives were proposed: a) to describe the behavior of attending large group classes in undergraduate degrees; b) to identify the factors associated with absenteeism behaviors in university students; and c) to understand which are the most valued aspects by students concerning significant attendance. The methodological design for collecting information adopted a mixed approach, combining qualitative and quantitative research techniques. The statistical universe of this study includes the four universities that make up the Campus Iberus. A focus group was established with university teachers and then a structured questionnaire was passed to their students, which belong to different courses and grades. Among the conclusions of this study, it should be noted that the problem of absenteeism is a complex phenomenon that must be analyzed from multifactorial approaches. In the new scenario of Higher Education, it should be kept in mind what is expected of physical presence in the university classroom so that the attendance is really significant.En este trabajo se define la asistencia significativa como el grado en que los estudiantes perciben que las clases impartidas por sus profesores posibilitan su desarrollo personal y profesional futuro, contribuyendo a la adquisición de competencias básicas y específicas definidas en el perfil de egreso de su Titulación. Sobre la base este planteamiento, el problema objeto de estudio gira en torno a la preocupación docente respecto al incremento del absentismo universitario en las clases expositivas o magistrales. Para responder a dicho problema se proponen los siguientes objetivos: a) describir el comportamiento de asistencia a las clases de grupo grande en titulaciones de grado; b) identificar los factores asociados a comportamientos de absentismo en el alumnado universitario; y c) comprender los aspectos valorados por parte de los estudiantes para una asistencia significativa. El diseño metodológico para recabar información adopta un enfoque mixto, mediante la combinación de técnicas de investigación cualitativas y cuantitativas. El universo de estudio lo han conformado las Universidades del Campus Iberus. Se ha realizado un grupo focal con docentes universitarios y se ha pasado un cuestionario estructurado a estudiantes de diferentes grados y cursos. Entre las conclusiones obtenidas, cabe destacar que el problema del absentismo es un fenómeno complejo que debe ser analizado desde enfoques multifactoriales. En el nuevo escenario de la Educación Superior, resulta conveniente plantearse qué se espera de la presencialidad en el aula universitaria para que la asistencia sea realmente significativa. 
Diseño curricular- perfil de egreso de los programas
No full textLa Universidad Autónoma de Chile cuenta con macroprocesos de gestión curricular, procedimientos establecidos en el Modelo Educativo de la Universidad1 mediante Res. de Rectoría N° 179/2020 (anexo 14), por la Vicerrectoría Académica (VRA) y la Vicerrectoría de Aseguramiento de la Calidad (VRAC). Cabe señalar que esta última es la encargada de velar por la evaluación y el aseguramiento interno de la calidad, en coordinación con el resto de las vicerrectorías corporativas y de sede, siendo la instancia responsable de asesorar a la institución y a los programas para los procesos de acreditación. Estos macroprocesos del Modelo Educativo institucional (ver Fig. 1) se llevan a cabo a través de dos procedimientos importantes: uno institucional y otro curricular. El institucional implica la creación, cuyo propósito es diseñar la oferta de programas, y la innovación que tiene por objetivo el rediseño o ajuste curricular de los planes de estudios de los programas. Ambos procedimientos son el resultado de análisis prospectivos, que incluyen el levantamiento de tendencias, necesidades del sector productivo, identificación de competencias, en el caso del primero, y los resultados de la implementación de planes de estudios vigentes orientando la actualización curricular, mayor o menor del plan de estudio, en el caso del segundo. Por su parte, el curricular2 supone el diseño, rediseño, realizar ajustes mayores y/o menores a los programas, y culmina con programas de estudio oficializados a través de resoluciones de Rectoría.
Estos macroprocesos de gestión curricular aseguran la efectividad, pertinencia, relevancia, suficiencia y factibilidad en los programas de estudios
Violencia homofóbica entre hombres homosexuales en Santiago de Chile
No full textThis article explores homophobic violence among homosexual men in Santiago, Chile. The sample was non-probabilistic, online, with N=546 homosexual men. Two scales were applied: the Spanish version of the Attitudes Towards Gay Men (ATG) subscale of the Attitudes Towards Lesbians and Gay Men Scale (ATLG), validated in Chile by Cárdenas and Barrientos, and the Cuestionario sobre ideario de lo masculino y lo femenino (CMF). In addition, a series of questions were added to inquire about the experiences or perceptions of homophobic violence by other homosexual/gay men. Analyses were descriptive and correlational in nature. The main findings revealed that, on the scale of attitudes toward gay men (ATG), the average was 1.3, indicating a tendency toward positive attitudes. On the scale measuring conceptions of masculinity and femininity (CMF), the average was 5.2, indicating that most participants self-identify with a feminine gender identity. In addition, we found a negative correlation (Rho =-.284, p <,01), suggesting that the greater the identification with traditional gender roles (masculinity), the greater the rejection of homosexuality. In conclusion, this study proves the existence of homophobic violence among homosexual men in the context of Santiago de Chile and, secondly, that masculinity is significantly related to the perception of homosexuality in people who self-identify as homosexual or gay men in the aforementioned capital city. © 2024, Universidad de Tarapaca. All rights reserved
GOBERNANZA PARTICIPATIVA LOCAL EN EL GRAN BUENOS AIRES: UNA RADIOGRAFÍA ACTUAL DE LOS 24 MUNICIPIOS
No full textLa incorporación de nuevos campos de acción en los gobiernos locales constituye un tema de creciente presencia en los debates acerca de la gobernanza local. En el escenario argentino, en particular, se señalan los desafíos de la gestión de esta agenda compleja para aparatos estatales con estructuras tradicionales, capacidades y competencias limitadas. Los municipios del Gran Buenos Aires enfrentan mayores restricciones normativas y presupuestarias para desarrollar políticas propias. Sin embargo, estos gobiernos están dando pasos sustantivos en el plano de la gobernanza local. Este artículo presenta un panorama actualizado y a escala de los esfuerzos desplegados en los últimos años, por los 24 municipios del Gran Buenos Aires en tres campos centrales de la gobernanza: participación, descentralización y modernización
Thymol as adjuvant in oncology: molecular mechanisms, therapeutic potentials, and prospects for integration in cancer management
No full textCancer remains a global health challenge, prompting a search for effective treatments with fewer side effects. Thymol, a natural monoterpenoid phenol derived primarily from thyme (Thymus vulgaris) and other plants in the Lamiaceae family, is known for its diverse biological activities. It emerges as a promising candidate in cancer prevention and therapy. This study aims to consolidate current research on thymol’s anticancer effects, elucidating its mechanisms and potential to enhance standard chemotherapy, and to identify gaps for future research. A comprehensive review was conducted using databases like PubMed/MedLine, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect, focusing on studies from the last 6 years. All cancer types were included, assessing thymol’s impact in both cell-based (in vitro) and animal (in vivo) studies. Thymol has been shown to induce programmed cell death (apoptosis), halt the cell division cycle (cell cycle arrest), and inhibit cancer spread (metastasis) through modulation of critical signaling pathways, including phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (AKT), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), and Wnt/β-catenin. It also enhances the efficacy of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in colorectal cancer treatments. Thymol’s broad-spectrum anticancer activities and non-toxic profile to normal cells underscore its potential as an adjunct in cancer therapy. Further clinical trials are essential to fully understand its therapeutic benefits and integration into existing treatment protocols. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024
Self-Reported Nutritional Status and Breakfast Characterization in Latin American University Students
No full textObjective: To associate breakfast consumption frequency with self-reported nutritional status and dietary patterns of Latin American university students by human development. Material and methods: This was a cross-sectional, multicenter observational study. University students from 11 Latin American countries (Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico, Peru, Paraguay, Panama and Uruguay) were invited to participate by answering an online self-administered questionnaire on food consumption and sociodemographic indicators, associations were investigated using logistic regression. Results: The logistic regression analysis showed significant associations between breakfast consumption and the crude model, models 2 and 3 in countries with very high and upper-middle/high human development. However, after adjustment in the most comprehensive model, the association is no longer statistically significant. In the fully adjusted model of the variables, a significant relationship was observed between breakfast consumption and both healthy and unhealthy dietary patterns. Specifically, students who typically consume breakfast exhibit greater consumption of oatmeal and fruits, as well as healthier dinner choices. Conversely, they exhibit lower consumption of fast food, sugary drinks, and juices. In particular, in highly developed countries, along with the mentioned foods, consumption of dairy was linked to breakfast consumption in a positive way, while alcohol consumption was negatively associated. Conclusion: University students who eat breakfast on a regular basis maintain a healthier diet in comparison to those who do not, irrespective of their country’s level of human development. © 2023 American Nutrition Association
Effect of Botulinum Toxin Injections in the Treatment of Spasticity of Different Etiologies: An Umbrella Review
No full textBackground: Spasticity is a very common neurological sequelae that significantly impacts the quality of life of patients, affecting more than 12 million people worldwide. Botulinum toxin is considered a reversible treatment for spasticity, but due to the large amount of available evidence, synthesis seems necessary. Therefore, we conducted an overview of existing systematic reviews and meta-analyses to evaluate the effect of botulinum toxin injections in the treatment of spasticity of different etiologies. Methods: A systematic search of different databases, including Pubmed, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science, was performed from inception to February 2024. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) and their respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the effect of botulinum toxin compared to that of the control treatment using the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS). All the statistical analyses were performed using STATA 15 software. Results: 28 studies were included in the umbrella review. The effect of botulinum toxin injections on spasticity, as measured by the MAS, was significantly lower in all but three studies, although these studies also supported the intervention. The SMDs reported by the meta-analyses ranged from −0.98 to −0.01. Conclusion: Botulinum toxin injections were effective at treating spasticity of different etiologies, as indicated by the measurements on the MAS. This implies an improvement in muscle tone and, consequently, in the patient’s mobility and quality of life. © 2024 by the authors.European Regional Development Fund, ERDF, (SBPLY/21/180501/000186); Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha, JCCM, (2023-PREJCCM-000062, FPU21/06866)Universidad Autónoma de Chil