Repositorio académico de acceso abierto (Univ. Autonóma de Chile)
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Anatomy of the Anterolateral Abdominal Wall Ultrasonographic Assessment and its Application as a Guide in Nerve Blocks
No full textThe transversus abdominis plane (TAP) is the anatomical space between the internal oblique and transversus extends throughout the abdominal wall ending in the aponeurosis of rectus muscles. Anesthetic block of this plane has proven useful in reducing pain and analgesic requirements in abdominal wall surgery. The identification of anatomical structures by ultrasound images simplifies the procedure by correctly and safely blocking innervation of the abdominal wall with the use of local anesthetics. The aim of this study was to highlight the importance of anatomical knowledge, and correlation of anatomical-clinical-surgical and ultrasound information in the interpretation of images obtained by ultrasonography. Further, to evaluate the effects of nerve block of the anterolateral abdominal wall by echo-guided puncture in reference to the need for postoperative analgesia in abdominal surgery. During the period January / 2012 to June / 2013, we conducted training for surgeons through practical observation of normal anatomy on cadavers, ultrasound and observation of the anterolateral abdominal wall with portable ultrasound and 7 MHz linear transducer in patients with, and without known pathology, and then interpreted and compared these for a period of 6 months. Puncture sites for blocking nerve plexus were identified and located by ultrasonography. Following training we considered patients with comorbid conditions that were surgically treated. We included 60 patients underwent surgery for abdominal wall pathology. They were classified considering surgery performed: 14 (23.34) umbilical hernioplasties, 33 (55%) inguinal hernioplasties, 6 (10%), epigastric hernioplasties, 4 (6.66%) femoral hernioplasties and 3 (5%) other hernias. We were able to identify anatomical structures and nerve block in 30 (90.91%) patients underwent surgery for inguinal hernias and 3 (75%) femoral hernioplasties. In the remaining patients block could not be performed due to physical characteristics and when ultrasound equipment was not available: 1 (25%) with femoral hernia and in 3 (9.09%) inguinal hernias. No post-puncture complications were detected. A reduced need for analgesics was observed in all patients during the immediate and midrange post-operative period. Thorough knowledge of anatomical structures and nerve endings, as well as the use of this complementary approach, significantly improve the management of postoperative pain and reduce the need for analgesics. Training in ultrasound and surgical anatomical-clinical correlation to identify these structures should be considered to improve the quality of care in patients with abdominal surgical pathologies
Photographic Parameters in Three-Dimensional Facial Image Acquisition. A Scoping Review
No full textObjective: Orthognathic surgery is a viable and reproducible treatment for facial deformities. Despite the precision of the skeletal planning of surgical procedures, there is little information about the relations between hard and soft tissues in three-dimensional (3D) analysis, resulting in unpredictable soft tissue outcomes. Three-dimensional photography is a viable tool for soft tissue analysis because it is easy to use, has wide availability, low cost, and is harmless. This review aims to establish parameters for acquiring consistent and reproducible 3D facial images. Methods: A scoping review was conducted across PubMed, SCOPUS, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), and Web of Science databases, adhering to "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews" guidelines. Articles presenting 3D facial photographs in the diagnostic phase were considered. Results: A total of 79 articles were identified, of which 29 were selected for analysis. Conclusion: The predominant use of automated systems like 3dMD and VECTRA M3 was noted. User positioning has highest agreement among authors. Noteworthy aspects include the importance of proper lighting, facial expression, and dental positioning, with observed discrepancies and inconsistencies among authors. Finally, the authors proposed a 3D image acquisition protocol based on this research findings. © 2024 Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. All rights reserved
Priorities in Health Research
No full textThe research process is dynamic and pragmatic, and that the results should be used for the generation of new knowledge. Moreover, research is part of academic activities; therefore, it has to take into account the results alsobecome input for teaching undergraduate and post graduate degree
Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Chemotherapy Role in Peritoneal Carcinomatosis Treatment
No full textThe aim of this article is to provide a review of some current therapeutic strategies for patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC), which historically has been considered a terminal condition, only amenable to palliative care, and occasionally systemic chemotherapy alone with poor response and lower average survival. The combination of cytoreductive surgery (CRS), which involves peritonectomy and multivisceral resections and intraoperative hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is a relatively new intraperitoneal treatment of microscopic residual disease concept. The indication of this method has been extended progressively to highly selected patients with PC and it is based in several phase III studies, which concluded that it is possible to obtain sufficient cytoreduction. However, until now there is some consensus based on evidence, in which HIPEC would be indicated in patients with peritoneal PC originated in pseudomyxoma, peritoneal mesothelioma and colorectal cancer; and CP from another source, depending on each particularcase
Lithium and disease modification: A systematic review and meta-analysis in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease
No full textThe role of lithium as a possible therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative diseases has generated scientific interest. We systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed pre-clinical and clinical studies that evidenced the neuroprotective effects of lithium in Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). We followed the PRISMA guidelines and performed the systematic literature search using PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. A total of 32 articles were identified. Twenty-nine studies were performed in animal models and 3 studies were performed on human samples of AD. A total of 17 preclinical studies were included in the meta-analysis. Our analysis showed that lithium treatment has neuroprotective effects in diseases. Lithium treatment reduced amyloid-β and tau levels and significantly improved cognitive behavior in animal models of AD. Lithium increased the tyrosine hydroxylase levels and improved motor behavior in the PD model. Despite fewer clinical studies on these aspects, we evidenced the positive effects of lithium in AD patients. This study lends further support to the idea of lithium's therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative diseases. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.Fondecyt de Iniciación; Instituto Nacional de Biomarcadores em Neuropsiquiatria; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, FAPESP, (2018/07366-4, 2020/02109-3, 2021/06378-1); Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, FAPESP; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, CAPES, (88887.514714/2020-00); Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, CAPES; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPq, (167176/2023-4, 2014/50873-3, 303006/2018-8, 465412/2014-9); Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPq; Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo, ANID, (11240905); Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo, ANI
Efeitos do Treinamento em Cluster na Hipertrofia Muscular: Uma Revisão Sistemática
No full textObjective: The aim of this systematic review was to determine the effects of cluster training on muscle hypertrophy. Methodology: A literature search was performed in the electronic databases Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Science, using the following “cluster training”, “rest interval”, “rest pause”, “hypertrophy”, “resistance training” and “cross sectional area”. We included clinical trials that used cluster training as an intervention in people over 18 years of age of both sexes. Results: The systematic review obtained during the search of the databases consulted yielded a total of 23 potentially eligible articles, of which a sample of 9 was taken from which results could be obtained that responded to the objective of this review. The number of participants from the 9 eligible articles was 172 subjects. Cluster workouts allow for increased training volume and intensity without causing high levels of fatigue, thus favoring the development of muscle hypertrophy. Conclusions: The results of this systematic review suggest that cluster training can be an effective tool for the development of muscle hypertrophy. © 2024 Universidad Nacional. All rights reserved.Universidad Autónoma de Chil
LA INCLUSIÓN ENTRE LAS FORMAS Y LOS HECHOS: LO DISTINTIVO DE LOS GOBIERNOS DE IZQUIERDA EN MONTEVIDEO Y ROSARIO EN TÉRMINOS DE PARTICIPACIÓN CIUDADANA (2002-2012)
No full textLos diseños de las políticas participativas no son neutros sino que inciden directamente sobre los resultados alcanzados por las mismas. En ese sentido, parecería ser que los formatos de las políticas deben tener un correlato directo con sus objetivos.
Sin embargo, cuando nos detenemos a analizar dichos diseños podemos encontrar algunas falencias que van en desmedro, por lo menos, de dos de sus objetivos primordiales: la deliberación y la inclusión. El propósito de este artículo es analizar las características inclusivas y redistributivas de las políticas de participación ciudadana (Presupuesto Participativo -PP- y Concejos Vecinales -CV-) en Montevideo y Rosario durante el período 2002-2012
Funciones y atribuciones del Servicio Nacional del Consumidor: avanzando hacia el origen
No full textLa orgánica de protección de los consumidores comienza en Chile en 1932, desde esa fecha han existido distintos modelos normativos de protección de los derechos de los consumidores que han contemplado diseños contravencionales de carácter administrativos e incluso penales. El Servicio Nacional del Consumidor inicialmente se le limitó a funciones de educación e información, lo que se ha ido subsanando mediante reformas legales, la última de ellas por Ley Nº 21.081, que le permiten retomar funciones y atribuciones con las que en décadas anteriores contaron los órganos antecesores como el Comisariato, Superintendencia y Dirinco
The impact of reduced muscular fitness on cardiometabolic risk factors in children aged 9–11 years
No full textAim: To analyse the relationships between muscular fitness (MF), fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM) and its combined ratio with cardiometabolic risk (CMR) and whether the relationship between MF and CMR is mediated by body composition in schoolchildren. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on schoolchildren from Cuenca, Spain, between September and November 2017. FM and FFM were estimated using bioimpedance analysis. The CMR index was calculated from triglycerides-HDL-c ratio, arterial pressure and fasting insulin. The MF index was assessed using handgrip and standing long jump tests. Analysis of covariance models assessed CMR index differences across the MF index and the FM/FFM ratio categories. Mediation analysis examined whether the MF index and the CMR index association were mediated by FM, FFM or FM/FFM ratio. Results: The analyses involved 485 schoolchildren aged 9–11 years (55.4% girls). Children with a higher MF index had a lower CMR index (p < 0.05). This association did not persist after controlling for FM/FFM. FM, FFM and FM/FFM ratio mediated the relationship between the MF index and the CMR index. Conclusion: Better levels of MF are associated with better cardiometabolic profile, but a healthy body composition is determinant to improve future health. © 2024 The Authors. Acta Paediatrica published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Foundation Acta Paediatrica.Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness Carlos III Health Institute; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, MCIU; European Commission, EC; Federación Española de Enfermedades Raras, FEDER, (FIS PI19/01919, RD21/0016/0025); Federación Española de Enfermedades Raras, FEDER; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ISCIII; Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, UCLM, (2022‐UNIVERS‐11373); Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, UCLMUniversidad Autónoma de Chil
DESAFÍOS DE GESTIÓN LOCAL ANTE POLÍTICAS NACIONALES DE TRANSPORTE. EL CASO DE SANTA FE EN LA RECUPERACIÓN FERROVIARIA ARGENTINA
No full textLos recientes planes nacionales de recuperación ferroviaria están trayendo secuelas urbanísticas a las ciudades argentinas. Sin embargo, no hemos hallado aún estudios críticos en nuestro medio. Esa coyuntura podría ser una fortaleza o una debilidad para los gobiernos municipales. Por ello, el objetivo del artículo es reflexionar sobre el futuro de los terrenos ferroviarios desafectados desde una perspectiva teórica multi y trans-escalar. En ese contexto, el Ente de Coordinación del Área Metropolitana de Santa Fe (2016) debe enfrentar nuevos desafíos de gestión. El trabajo recurre a la técnica del análisis documental y remite a referencias casuísticas. La primera parte describe el programa ferroviario nacional, mientras la segunda evalúa algunas alternativas locales frente a las demandas de movilidad del área metropolitana