Repositorio académico de acceso abierto (Univ. Autonóma de Chile)
Not a member yet
7149 research outputs found
Sort by
Global Trends in the Prevalence of Alcohol Consumption Among School-Going Adolescents Aged 12–15 Years
No full textPurpose: Adolescent alcohol consumption is detrimental to multiple facets of health. However, there is a scarcity of data available on time trends in adolescents' alcohol consumption particularly from non-Western countries and low- and middle-income countries. Thus, we examined the temporal trend of alcohol use in a large representative sample of school-going adolescents aged 12–15 years from 22 countries in Africa, Asia, and the Americas. Methods: Data from the Global School-based Student Health Survey were analyzed. Alcohol consumption referred to consuming alcohol on at least one day in the past 30 days. Crude linear trends of past 30-day alcohol consumption by country were assessed by linear regression models. Results: Data on 135,426 adolescents aged 12–15 years were analyzed [mean (standard deviation) age 13.8 (1.0) years; 52.0% females]. The overall mean prevalence of past 30-day alcohol consumption was 14.1%. Of the 22 countries included in the study, increasing, decreasing, and stable trends were observed in 3, 8, and 11 countries, respectively. Specifically, significant increases were observed in Benin between 2009 (16.1%) and 2016 (38.6%), Myanmar between 2007 (0.9%) and 2016 (3.6%), and Vanuatu between 2011 (7.6%) and 2016 (12.2%). The most drastic decrease was observed in Samoa between 2011 (34.5%) and 2017 (9.8%), but the rate of decrease was modest in most countries. Discussion: Among school-going adolescents, decreasing trends in alcohol consumption were more common than increasing trends, but the rate of decrease was limited in most countries, suggesting that more global action is required to curb adolescent alcohol consumption. © 2023 Society for Adolescent Health and MedicineCenters for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC; World Health Organization, WHO; European Commission, E
Nickel(II)-Catalyzed Formal [3+2] Cycloadditions between Indoles and Donor–Acceptor Cyclopropanes
No full textThis article describes the development of a nickel-catalyzed regio- and diastereoselective formal [3+2] cycloaddition between N-substituted indoles and donor–acceptor cyclopropanes to synthesize cyclopenta[b]indoles. Optimized reaction conditions provide the desired nitrogen-containing cycloadducts in up to 93% yield and dr 8.6:1 with complete regioselectivity. The substrate scope showed high tolerance to various substituted indoles and cyclopropanes, resulting in the synthesis of six new cyclopenta[b]indoles and the isolation of five derivatives previously reported in the literature. In addition, a mechanistic proposal for the reaction was studied through online reaction monitoring by ESI-MS, allowing for the identification of the reactive intermediates in the Ni(II) catalyzed process. X-ray crystallography confirmed the structure and relative endo stereochemistry of the products. This method enables the fast and efficient construction of fused indolines from readily accessible starting materials. © 2024 by the authors.Universidad Católica del Norte, UCN; Dirección General de Postgrado; Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico; Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo, ANID, (3190118, 3210175, 21221447); FONDECYT-ANID, (1220618, 1210576); VRIDT-UCN, (20230803020-VRIDT-UCN)Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Hematoma subdural crónico: Reporte de caso
No full textEl hematoma subdural crónico (HAC) es una patología neuroquirúrgica frecuente que se reconoce como consecuencia de traumatismos craneoencefálicos leves que suelen diagnosticarse en pacientes seniles, aunque puede presentarse en pacientes jóvenes sin antecedentes de traumatismo. El objetivo de este trabajo es la presentación de un paciente con HAC bilateral, de características inusuales. Caso clínico: se presenta una paciente de sexo femenino de 46 años sin antecedentes de traumatismo craneoencefálico u otra patología concomitante, que consultó por cefalea de 15 días. La exploración física confirmó midriasis, pupila de Hutchinson, papiledema bilateral y exoforia del ojo derecho, parálisis del tercer par craneal y ataxia del tronco. Fue catalogada con Glasgow 13. Se realizó tratamiento precoz contra el edema cerebral y las manifestaciones desaparecieron en gran parte. Una tomografía computarizada diagnosticó un hematoma subdural fronto temporal bilateral con desplazamiento de las estructuras de la línea media hacia la izquierda. Fue intervenida de urgencia y fue dada de alta completamente recuperada tres días después. Conclusión: Las HSC pueden presentarse con diferentes formas clínicas, simulando procesos tumorales expansivos, ataques cerebrovasculares, demencias o entidades neurológicas de otra naturaleza. El manejo de casos por parte de médicos y neurocirujanos fue rápido y efectivo, lo que explica que el paciente tuvo una recuperación temprana y completa. En estos casos, la acción médica es decisiva para el éxito del tratamiento.
El hematoma subdural crónico (HSC) es una patología neuroquirúrgica frecuente, que se reconoce como consecuencia de traumatismos craneoencefálicos de poca magnitud que habitualmente se diagnostican en pacientes seniles, aunque puede presentarse en pacientes jóvenes y sin antecedentes de traumas.
El objetivo que persigue este trabajo es la presentación de un paciente con un HSC bilateral, con características poco usuales.
Caso clínico: se presenta una paciente femenina, de 46 años, sin antecedente de traumatismo craneal ni de otra patología concomitante, que fue vista por una cefalea de 15 días de evolución. Se constató midriasis y exoforia del ojo derecho, (parálisis del tercer par craneal, pupila de Hutchinson) y ataxia de tronco. Papiledema bilateral y discreta toma del sensorio (Glasgow 13). Se realizó un tratamiento anti edema cerebral temprano y las manifestaciones desaparecieron en gran medida. En la Tomografía axial computarizada se diagnosticó un hematoma subdural fronto temporal bilateral con desplazamiento de las estructuras de la línea media a la izquierda. Fue operada de urgencia y dada de alta completamente recuperada tres días después. Conclusión: el HSC puede presentarse con distintas formas clínicas, simulando procesos expansivos tumorales, ataques cerebrovasculares, demencias o entidades neurológicas de otra índole. El manejo del caso por clínicos y neurocirujanos fue rápido y efectivo, lo que explica que el paciente tuvo una recuperación temprana y total. En estos casos la actuación médica es decisiva en el éxito del tratamiento.
Uso de laser de baja potencia como coadyuvante en tratamiento endodóntico de pieza dentaria con reabsorción interna y lesión apical
No full textInternal root resorption is infrequent in permanent dentition, most cases are observed in anterior teeth, its etiology is not entirely clear, which is why the treatment for this type of lesion is endodontics. We present the case of a 38-year-old female patient, without relevant medical history, referred for evaluation of tooth 2.2 with a poor prognosis. Diagnosis Acute apical abscess, tooth with internal resorption and apical lesion. Endodontics are performed with bioceramic cements and the application of a 808 nm wavelength therapeutic laser, with specific parameters to accelerate bone tissue repair. Low-level laser photobiomodulation therapy appears to be useful as an adjunct in the bone repair process in endodontically treated teeth with apical lesion and internal resorption.La reabsorción radicular interna es infrecuente en dentición permanente, la mayoría de los casos se observan en dientes anteriores, su etiología no está del todo clara, es por esto que el tratamiento para este tipo de lesiones es la endodoncia. Se presenta el caso de una paciente sexo femenino, 38 años de edad, sin antecedes médicos relevantes, derivada para evaluación de diente 2.2 con mal pronóstico. El diagnóstico es de absceso apical agudo, pieza con reabsorción interna y lesión apical. Se realiza endodoncia con cementos biocerámicos y aplicación de láser terapéutico de 808 nm de longitud de onda, con parámetros específicos para acelerar la reparación del tejido óseo
APRESENTAÇÃO DOS INDICADORES DE DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL DAS MESORREGIÕES DO ESTADO DE SANTA CATARINA – BRASIL
No full textEste artigo teve como objetivo efetivar um comparativo entre indicadores de desenvolvimento das mesorregiões do estado de Santa Catarina – Brasil, de 2012 em relação a 2014. Os indicadores utilizados fazem parte do Sistema Indicadores de Desenvolvimento Municipal Sustentável (SIDMS) da Federação Catarinense de Municípios (FECAM). O SIDMS mensura o Desenvolvimento Sustentável dos Municípios, por meio do Índice de Desenvolvimento Municipal Sustentável (IDMS) que é composto por quatro dimensões: Sociocultural, Econômica, Ambiental e Político Institucional. Verificou-se, por meio das análises realizadas, que houve uma melhora na média geral dos índices de todas as mesorregiões, entretanto, os desempenhos mais evidentes foram expressos justamente em regiões que, na atualidade, apresentam melhores condições de desenvolvimento
Purification and Characterization of Ulvans from Chilean Ulva lactuca and Assessment of the Stimulation of Growth Induced by Ulvans and Oligo-Ulvans in Arabidopsis thaliana
No full textTo study the effect of ulvans and oligo-ulvans on the stimulation of growth in Arabidopsis thaliana, extracts of Chilean U. lactuca were prepared in water at pH = 7 and pH = 4, and ulvans were purified. The yield of ulvans was 16% of dry weight in both extracts and molecular weights were 115 kDa in extract at pH = 7 and 70 kDa in extract at pH = 4. Purified ulvans were analyzed by FT-IR and H1 RMN showing carboxyl and sulfate groups and they are constituted by rhamnose, rhamnose-3S, xylose and glucuronic acid, but not by iduronic acid. The antioxidant capacities of U. lactuca extracts were determined showing that ulvans are the main contributors to antioxidant capacity whereas ascorbate, glutathione, and phenolic compounds exert a minor contribution. To analyze whether ulvans and oligo-ulvans can stimulate plant growth, oligo-ulvans were prepared by acid hydrolysis and they were sprayed on A. thaliana leaves. Ulvans and oligo-ulvans increased A. thaliana biomass, fresh and dry weight, rosette diameter, number of leaves, and length of the main root, mainly oligo-ulvans. To determine whether the increase in plant growth may involve an enhanced basal metabolism and cell division, the level of transcripts encoding enzymes involved in C, N, and S assimilation, and proteins controlling cell cycle were analyzed. The expression of the latter genes was increased, mainly in response to oligo-ulvans. Thus, ulvans and oligo-ulvans stimulate growth of A. thaliana plants probably by increasing basal metabolism and cell division. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico, FONDECYT, (112200329, 21INI-161727); Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico, FONDECY
Carrión, Fernando y Ponce, Paúl (coords.) (2015). El giro a la izquierda: los gobiernos locales de América Latina. Quito: FES-ILDIS/Quinta Avenida Editores.
No full textDETERMINANTES DEL RECAUDO DEL IMPUESTO A LA PROPIEDAD INMOBILIARIA: UN ENFOQUE ESTADÍSTICO PARA MÉXICO
No full textEste trabajo analiza los factores determinantes que incidieron sobre el bajo recaudo del impuesto a la propiedad inmobiliaria en México. La metodología desarrollada emplea tres modelos de regresión con datos en panel para los municipios de México, durante el periodo 1989 a 2015. Los modelos planteados retoman variables legales, administrativas, financieras, económicas y políticos para explicar la presión tributaria. Los resultados señalan que la política de transferencias federales a los gobiernos municipales, la propiedad social de la tierra y el ciclo político-electoral limitan la presión tributaria; en otro sentido, las reformas legales y administrativas son determinantes para incrementarla, sobre todo en municipios urbanos
Ulnar Nerve Neuropathy Caused by Anconeous epitrochlearis Muscle: A Case Report
No full textThe anatomy applied to health sciences, and especially to surgical practice, in any of its branches, is fundamental for a correct approach to the affected area and a better resolution of the pathology. We present in this case report the case of a patient, a professional writer, with weakness in his right hand due to the subsequent discovery of anconeous epitrochlearis muscle. The case study describes the anatomical variation found and its subsequent resolution, stressing the need to keep in mind a possible morphological variation, to achieve an adequate clinical diagnosis and subsequent surgical correction
