Repositorio académico de acceso abierto (Univ. Autonóma de Chile)
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Intra- and Inter-Individual Associations of Family-to-Work Conflict, Psychological Distress, and Job Satisfaction: Gender Differences in Dual-Earner Parents during the COVID-19 Pandemic
No full textThe COVID-19 pandemic changed the work-family interface dynamics in some families. For couples who kept earning a double income during the pandemic, their family demands may entail a loss of psychological resources that affect the work domain. This study explored the intra-individual and inter-individual (crossover) direct and indirect effects of family-to-work conflict (FtoWC) on psychological distress and job satisfaction in a non-probabilistic sample of 860 different-sex dual-earner parents with adolescent children from Temuco and Rancagua, Chile. Mothers and fathers answered an online questionnaire measuring FtoWC, the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale, and the Overall Job Satisfaction Scale. The data were analyzed using the actor-partner interdependence model with structural equation modeling. Results showed that a higher FtoWC is linked to greater psychological distress and lower job satisfaction in both parents. In contrast, psychological distress is directly linked to lower job satisfaction in fathers. In both fathers and mothers, they and their partners’ FtoWC were indirectly linked to lower job satisfaction via the fathers’ psychological distress. These findings indicate the need for gender-sensitive social and labor policies aimed at reducing the conflict between family and work to increase job satisfaction in both parents and reduce psychological distress, particularly in fathers. © 2024 by the authors.Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico, FONDECYT, (1190017, 1230060); Universidad de La Frontera, UFRO, (DI21-0001, DI23-3001, PUL22-0003); Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo, ANIDUniversidad Autónoma de Chil
Biological Response of Soft Tissues to Three Abutment Materials Titanium, Zirconia, and Lithium Disilicate. An In Vitro Comparative Study
No full textAim The implant-abutment/emergence connection, and therefore the relationship with soft and hard tissues, is an important factor that determines the long-term success of dental implants in clinical practice. The purpose of this study was to compare the biological response of murine fibroblasts L929 when exposed to three materials: Titanium, Zirconia, and Lithium Disilicate (DSL), used as implant abutment materials. Materials and methods Samples of titanium, Zirconia, and DSL were obtained. Prior to material characterization by X-ray fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy, the samples were sterilized in a steam autoclave at a temperature of 121 °C for 30 minutes. Murine fibroblasts L929 were seeded for cell viability measurement. The metabolic activity was measured at 24 hours and 48 hours of culture using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The results were analyzed using SPSS v. 20.0. Results At 24 hours, an increase in viability was observed, although there was no significant difference among the three studied materials (p=0.564). At 48 hours vs. 24 hours, DSL showed the highest degree of cell viability (p=0.0003), followed by Zirconia (p=0.027), and then Titanium (p=0.056). The cell viability values for titanium, Zirconia, and DSL were 116%, 132%, and 172%, respectively. There was no evidence of cytotoxicity. Conclusion Cell viability in response to the studied implant abutment materials could anticipate the biological response, the stability of the different materials in relation to soft tissues, and their connection. Other factors such as biomechanics and bacterial adhesion should be considered when choosing a material. © ARIESDUE March.Immunology Department; National University of Córdoba Faculty of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires Immunology Laboratory; Universidad de Buenos Aires, UB
Characterization of Antibiotic-Resistance Antarctic Pseudomonas That Produce Bacteriocin-like Compounds
No full textIn this study, bacterial isolates C1-4-7, D2-4-6, and M1-4-11 from Antarctic soil were phenotypically and genotypically characterized, and their antibacterial spectrum and that of cell-free culture supernatant were investigated. Finally, the effect of temperature and culture medium on the production of antimicrobial compounds was investigated. The three bacteria were identified as different strains of the genus Pseudomonas. The three bacteria were multi-drug resistant to antibiotics. They exhibited different patterns of growth inhibition of pathogenic bacteria. M1-4-11 was remarkable for inhibiting the entire set of pathogenic bacteria tested. All three bacteria demonstrated optimal production of antimicrobial compounds at 15 °C and 18 °C. Among the culture media studied, Nutrient broth would be the most suitable to promote the production of antimicrobial compounds. The thermostability exhibited by the antimicrobial molecules secreted, their size of less than 10 kDa, and their protein nature would indicate that these molecules are bacteriocin-like compounds. © 2024 by the authors.Universidad Autónoma de CoahuilaUniversidad Autónoma de Chil
Estructura de la comunidad de macroinvertebrados bentónicos y características físico-químicas en humedales de altura en la cuenca del río Lauca, Altiplano, Chile
No full textHigh Andean freshwater ecosystems are highly threatened by scarce water availability, species invasion, and global climate change, so generating knowledge about their ecological characteristics is extremely important for conservation decision-making. In this work, the seasonal variations and relationships between physico-chemical variables and the structure and composition of the macroinvertebrate community were analyzed considering “season”, “type of ecosystem” and “site” factors. Five sites of representative ecosystems at Lauca River Basin of the Chilean Altiplano were sampled, two of them lentic and three lotic. Two field-sampling periods within a year according to the pre-and post-rain seasons characteristic of the Altiplano climate were considered. Thirty-five taxa were identified, and it was observed that the taxa Orthocladiinae, Austrelmis sp., Hyallela cf kochi, Podonominae and Helicopsychidae were indicator taxa that contributed the most to differences among sites or ecosystems (≥ 10 %.). No significant differences were found in the alpha diversity indicators used, except for some abundance values and Pielou’s Evenness index (J´), which varied significantly between lotic and lentic systems. The results of the ordination analysis showed a significant differentiation considering physical and chemical variables and macroinvertebrates assemblages that responded to “sites” (ANOSIM R Global = 0.64, p = 0.001) and “type of ecosystem” factors (ANOSIM R Global = 0.31, p = 0.02). The “season” factor was not statistically significant to explain the variability of biological data (ANOSIM R Global =-0.003, p = 0.47) and was slight and marginally significant with the physical and chemical data (ANOSIM R Global = 0.1, p = 0.04). In addition, the linear redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that physico-chemical variables related to hardness, temperature, phosphorous, and nitrogen explained most of the variance in the biological data (the first two canonical axes RDA1 and RDA2 explained 45.23 % of the total variation, p = 0.004). These results support the relevance of local conditions for high altitude wetlands and how those environmental characteristics can be reflected in the macroinvertebrate assemblages that inhabit them. © Asociación Ibérica de Limnología, Madrid. Spain.CONICYT-PF-CHA; Corporación Nacional Forestal; Mag, (-222015999); National Geographic Society, NGS, (WW140R17); Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, UAdeC, (DIUA 213-2021)Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Use of Glutathione, Pure or as a Specific Inactivated Yeast, as an Alternative to Sulphur Dioxide for Protecting White Grape Must from Browning †
No full textOne of the problems that most seriously affects oenology today is enzymatic browning, especially when grapes are infected by grey rot. We studied the capacity of glutathione (GSH) and a specific inactivated dry yeast rich in glutathione (IDY-GSH) to protect white grape must from browning compared to that of sulphur dioxide (SO2). The results indicate that SO2 drastically reduces the oxygen consumption rate (by around 72%), protects hydroxycinnamic acids from oxidation and prevents grape must against browning even in the presence of laccase. Specifically, the presence of SO2 reduced the colour’s blue–yellow component (b*) by around 91% in control conditions and around 76% in the presence of laccase. GSH, pure or in the form of IDY-GSH, also reduces the oxygen consumption rate (by 23% and 36%, respectively) but to a lesser extent than SO2. GSH also favours the formation of grape reaction product (GRP) from hydroxycinnamic acids and effectively protects grape must against browning in healthy grape conditions. Specifically, the presence of GSH reduced b* by around 81% in control conditions. Nevertheless, in the presence of laccase, it was not effective enough, reducing b* by around 39% in the case of pure GSH and 24% in the case of IDY-GSH. Therefore, both forms of GSH can be considered as interesting alternative tools to SO2 for preventing browning in white grape must, but only when the grapes are healthy. © 2024 by the authors.CICYT-projects, (PID2022-139868OB-C33, RTI2018-095658-B-C33); Interministerial Commission for Science and Technology; Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, H2020; H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, MSCA, (945413); Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, MICINNUniversidad Autónoma de Chil
Protocolo de Evaluación Fonoaudológica Integral del neonato y su pertinencia para el abordaje de la lactancia materna
No full textCountless studies carried out by different health areas demonstrate the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding (BF) and the harmonious growth of craniofacial structures for the proper subsequent development of oral functions such as breathing, swallowing and speech. Early intervention by the professional in speech therapy in Intensive Care Units (ICU) shows undeniable benefits as it promotes self-efficacy in the mother, breastfeeding and with it, the reduction of comorbidities in the baby, as well as the reduction of time for the implementation of the oral route. It is important to highlight the importance for the speech pathologist to have validated instruments that allow timely diagnoses and therefore effective treatments. This research is descriptive, with a mixed methodology and non-experimental design; Since it was oriented towards the verification of the validity of the content (external) of the EFIN Comprehensive Speech Therapy Assessment Protocol of the Newborn, also determining its relevance, as it is used as a guiding instrument within the role of the speech therapist in breastfeeding. For validity purposes in terms of sufficiency, relevance and clarity, the validation is carried out through the judgment of experts, with a panel made up of professionals from different Latin American countries, including Colombia, Peru, Chile, Brazil and Argentina, obtaining strong validity of the entire protocol, with a validity coefficient according to Aiken’s V statistical coefficient greater than 0.81. To measure the usefulness of the EFIN instrument in the approach to breastfeeding, a Likert-type survey is carried out observing homogeneous absolute frequencies that allowed us to see the instrument as a very useful tool, not only for breastfeeding but for all areas of neonatology in which the speech therapist participates. Keywords: Stomatognathic functions; communication; neonates; breastfeeding; speech therapy. Innumerables estudios realizados por diferentes áreas de la salud demuestran los beneficios de la lactancia materna (LM) exclusiva y el crecimiento armónico de las estructuras craneofaciales para el adecuado desarrollo posterior de funciones orales como la respiración, deglución y el habla. La intervención temprana por parte del profesional en fonoaudiología en las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI), evidencia beneficios indiscutibles pues promueve la autoeficacia en la madre, la lactancia materna y con esta, la disminución de comorbilidades en el bebé, así como la reducción del tiempo para la implementación de la vía oral. Es importante resaltar la importancia que tiene para el fonoaudiólogo contar con instrumentos validados que permitan diagnósticos oportunos y por ende tratamientos efectivos.
La presente investigación es de tipo descriptiva, con una metodología mixta y diseño no experimental; debido a que se orientó hacia la verificación de la validez de contenido (externa), del Protocolo de Evaluación Fonoaudiológica Integral Del Neonato EFIN, determinando además su pertinencia, al ser usado como instrumento orientador dentro del rol que ejerce el fonoaudiólogo en la lactancia materna.
Para efectos de validez en términos de suficiencia, pertinencia y claridad se realiza la validación a través del juicio de expertos, con un panel compuesto por profesionales de diferentes países latinoamericanos dentro de los cuales se encuentra Colombia, Perú, Chile, Brasil y Argentina, obteniendo una validez fuerte de la totalidad del protocolo, con un coeficiente de validez según el coeficiente estadístico V de Aiken superior a 0,81. Para medir la utilidad del instrumento EFIN en el abordaje de la lactancia materna, se realiza una encuesta tipo Likert observando frecuencias absolutas homogéneas que permitieron ver el instrumento como una herramienta de gran utilidad, no solo para la lactancia materna sino para todas las áreas de neonatología en las que participa el fonoaudiólogo
Lingual Thyroid Gland: Diagnosis and Treatment
No full textThe presence of ectopic thyroid gland is a rare entity. The lingual thyroid is the most frequent ectopy, predominating in women. This glandular tissue is capable of suffering all the pathologies that can affect the normotopic gland, being able to be symptomatic or asymptomatic. We present a case of lingual thyroid in a previously thyroidectomized patient who consulted for dyspnea and dysphagia in the Head and Neck Surgery Unit of the Otolaryngology Service of the Central Hospital of the Institute of Social Prevision, Asuncion, Paraguay. The patient received hormone replacement therapy, showing normal functional examination. Semiology allowed to observe a bulging of the base of the tongue. The fibroscopy showed a tongue-based tumor about 3 cm in diameter, which could be correctly evaluated with computed tomography. Suspicion of a lingual thyroid was performed with a scintigram demonstrating uptake in the oral cavity floor. Tumor excision was performed through a suprahyoid pharyngotomy, following a prophylactic tracheostomy. The Pathologic Anatomy report confirmed the diagnosis of ectopic colloid goitre
Liver Surgical Anatomy: Vascular Control and Mobilization
No full textA successful surgery cannot be done without adequate knowledge of the surgical anatomy, especially in liver trauma, where anatomical knowledge plays a key role when it comes to making quick decisions that will allow saving the life of patients with this pathology in the emergency. Assess liver anatomical knowledge and related structures for conducting emergency surgical approaches mobilization maneuvers and vascular control. A 3-year training program for vascular control maneuvers and liver mobilization, for 11 surgical residents during their second, third and fourth year, while 3 fresh corpses and 20 formolized at 10 % corpses were used. Different maneuvers of liver mobilization and vascular control were performed from the second year onward for three consecutive years. A decrease of 57 % was observed in the time of realization of the maneuvers and recognition of structures in second year residents who conducted this test for three consecutive years, and a decrease of 38 % in second and third year residents who performed it for two consecutive years with similar results. Anatomical knowledge in stage training improves the surgical approach to trauma patients, decreasing the time of realization of the maneuvers and the risk of complications
POLICY METAPHORS AND DEEP LOCAL DEMOCRACY: THE CASE OF THE CHILEAN NEIGHBOURHOOD RECOVERY PROGRAMME
No full textThe Neighbourhood Recovery Programme is the first government urban regeneration programme implemented in Chilean underprivileged urban areas using deliberative processes. Through interviews with key policy makers and the revision of government documents, this article explores the cognitive metaphors by which this programme frames its local construction of sociability. In so doing, this research examines the programme’s potential to build a deep conception of local democracy. The article contributes to debates discussing the effect of the Chilean state in enhancing or curtailing civil society empowerment in politically excluded areas. It argues that this programme’s metaphors serve efficient policy implementation. However, they also reproduce top-down dynamics of institutional imposition that undermine accountability and have already been described by ethnographers in underprivileged neighbourhoods