Repositorio académico de acceso abierto (Univ. Autonóma de Chile)
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Las capitales federales del continente americano. Centralidad y status político
No full textEste artículo analiza las capitales federales del continente americano par- tiendo, en primer término, de la relevancia política que tienen este tipo de ciudades, ya que son producto de las circunstancias históricas por las que atraviesan los Estados y sus territorios, y reflejan tanto el pasado como el presente, en términos políticos, económicos y culturales. En segundo tér- mino, el artículo se focaliza en los estados federales de América, ya que en este tipo de estados se hace complejo mantener los equilibrios territoriales, tanto en el plano político como en los económicos y culturales, y las capitales reflejan estas dificultades. Proponemos una clasificación para el análisis de las capitales federales americanas que incluye los tres planos, describiendo brevemente cada uno de ellos, y comparándolos
Foreign Gene Expression in the Mouse Cauda Epididymis is Regulated by Androgens
No full textThis paper deals with the efficiency of in vivo gene transfer to the mouse cauda epididymisand its relation to androgens. Previous experiments in the female reproductive tract have indicated that the efficiency of transfection is related to the hormonal stage of the animal, nevertheless no analysis have been done in the male tract. We used in vivo gene transfer to the mouse cauda epididymis employing a gene construction that expresses the Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP). Untreated and Testosterone treated males were employed. Testosterone injections (5µg/g weight) were done from 2 days before the gene transfer, andtreatment continued each day during a total period of 15 days. Fluorescence microscopy observations showed the expression of GFP in the cytoplasm of the principal cells in the epididymal tubules. The application of the QWin Program that measures the percentage of fluorescent areas showed that they are increased in the epididymis of treated males. This increase was particularly observed two days after gene injections (from 32.24 % in untreated animals to 47.62 % in testosterone treated males) and after seven days (from 29.98 % to 43.05 %). The possibility to improve transfection efficiency would increase the knowledge on epididymal physiology and would permit to modify the fertilizing capacity in mammals
Relationship between the endopelvic fasciae end the inferior hypogastric plexus
No full textThe Inferior Hypogastric Plexus (PHI) is a difficult plexus to define and dissect, hence the ease with which it can be injured both in anatomical and surgical research. Defining its relationships, with respect to the endopelvic fascia (FEP), including its formation and branches, (Baader B., et al., 2003, p. 129) would facilitate their dissection. This anatomical investigation aims to standardize different portions that require a different approach to preserve their integrity.
Cadaveric material belonging to the Third Chair of Anatomy of the School of Medicine, Buenos Aires University was used. One (n=1) formolized male adult organ block and seventeen (n=17) hemipelvis were dissected: five (n=5) adult male hemipelvis formolized, nine (n=9) fetal hemipelvis formolized (7 male and 2 female), between 18 and 36 weeks of gestational age calculated by femoral length, and three (n=3) adult hemipelvis from fresh cadavers, two (n=2) female and one (n=1) male. Microdissection elements and magnifying glasses were used.
We were able to distinguish three different sectors: the first, preplexual, located posterior and lateral to the FEP, where the sympathetic components (hypogastric nerves) and the parasympathetic (pelvic splanchnic nerves) have not yet converged to form the plexus. A second sector, plexual, with the plexus already fully formed, located in the thickness of the FEP. Finally, its terminal portion, already devoid of the FEP, formed by nerves that go to the perineal membrane accompanied by arterial and venous vessels. Each of these sectors requires a different approach in both anatomical and surgical dissection.El Plexo Hipogástrico Inferior (PHI) es un plexo difícil de definir y disecar, de allí la facilidad con que puede lesionarse tanto en la investigación anatómica como quirúrgica. Definir sus relaciones, con respecto a las fascias endopelvianas (FEP), incluyendo su formación y sus ramos, (Baader B., et al., 2003, p. 129) facilitaría su disección. Esta investigación anatómica pretende estandarizar distintas porciones que requieran distinto abordaje para preservar su integridad.
Se utilizó material cadavérico perteneciente a la Tercera Cátedra de Anatomía de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Buenos Aires. Se disecaron un bloque de órganos de cadáver adulto formolizado (n=1) y diecisiete (n = 17) hemipelvis: cinco (n = 5) hemipelvis masculinas adultas formolizadas, nueve (n = 9) hemipelvis fetales formalizadas (7 masculinos y 2 femeninas), entre 18 y 36 semanas de edad gestacional calculada por la longitud femoral y tres (n = 3) hemipelvis adultas de cadáveres frescos, dos (n = 2) femeninas y un (n = 1) masculino. Se utilizaron elementos de microdisección y lupas.
Pudimos distinguir tres sectores diferentes: el primero, preplexual, ubicado posterior y lateralmente a la FEP, donde los componentes simpáticos (nervios hipogástricos) y los parasimpáticos (nervios esplácnicos pélvicos) aún no han confluido para su formación. Un segundo sector, plexual, con el plexo ya completamente formado, ubicado en el espesor de la FEP. Por último, su porción terminal, ya desprovisto de la FEP, formado por nervios que se dirigen a la membrana perineal acompañados por vasos arteriales y venosos. Cada uno de estos sectores requiere distinto abordaje tanto en la disección anatómica como quirúrgica
Resilience, Burnout and Mental Health in Nurses: A Latent Mediation Model
No full textBackground/Objectives: The burnout syndrome in nurses has been related to the development of mental health problems. On the contrary, resilience is related to adequately coping with stressful situations and better mental health. The objective was to analyze the relationship between resilience and mental health problems in nurses and estimate the proportion mediated by burnout in the association. Methods: In 2021, a total of 1165 Spanish nurses were selected through a stratified random sampling method. Participants anonymously filled in the Resilience Scale (RS-14), the Maslach Burnout Inventory Survey, and the General Health Questionnaire. To test the hypothesis proposed and explain the mediating effect of burnout empirically, structural equation modeling (SEM) was applied. A latent mediation model was computed. Results: Resilience was negatively related to burnout and mental health problems. The direct relationship between burnout and the latent health variable was positive. In addition, in view of the total effect of resilience on mental health problems and the magnitude of the indirect effect, we stated that the proportion of this effect mediated by burnout ranged from 0.486 to 0.870. Conclusions: This study reveals that fostering resilience in nurses directly and indirectly reduces burnout and improves their mental health. The implementation of resilience programs and supportive institutional policies is recommended to improve working conditions and the quality of patient care. © 2024 by the authors.Universidad Autónoma de Chil
EL PROCESO DE DESCENTRALIZACIÓN POLÍTICO-ADMINISTRATIVA EN LOS MUNICIPIOS PEQUEÑOS DE LA COSTA DEL PACIFICO COLOMBIANO
No full textEl presente documento pretende analizar el impacto del proceso de la descentralización político-administrativa en los municipios pequeños de la Costa Pacífica colombiana, a partir de un tipo de estudio explicativo con un diseño de investigación cualitativo, técnicas de investigación documental y etnográfico en la cual se le realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a 10 (diez) directores de planeación de los diferentes municipios. Dentro del análisis se encontró que las debilidad institucional de las administraciones territoriales de los municipios de la Costa Pacífica colombiana residen en la incapacidad que tienen para cumplir con las demandas ciudadanas, y responder a la exigencias del Estado central acordes a la Nueva Gestión Pública, presentando debilidades en cuanto a la función de la administración pública; las principales falencias tienen que ver con la presencia del personal cuya formación de base no está ligada -en la mayoría de los casos- con los temas de la administración pública, por lo que sus conocimientos son adquiridos por las presiones derivadas del ejercicio del cargo. A esto se suma la acumulación de funciones por unidad administrativa debido a la escasez de presupuesto lo que obliga a disponer de estructuras y plantas de personal limitadas, además de la ausencia de un proyecto claro para el fortalecimiento de capacidades administrativas que tomen en cuenta las necesidades y las particularidades de intervención frente a cada una de ellas
Molar Position and Surgical Time in Lower Third Molar Extraction
No full textThe aim of this research was to find the influence of lower third molar position in surgical time required for extraction of this molar. A prospective study was designed in patients at the Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at Universidad de La Frontera. Patients with ASA I and II and without oral diseases as aggressive periodontitis and oral infections were included. The third molar position was established in relation to Pedersen scale, Winter scale and Pell and Gregory scale, considering surgical time between the start of surgery and finalization of the procedure; data analyses was carried out with t test with statisticaldifferences when p<0.05. Surgical time of 12±9 minutes was registered, and this was statistically associated to dental position and difficulty observed. It is therefore concluded that the position of the molar has an influence on surgical time
REFERENTNI INTERVALI BIOHEMIJSKIH PARAMETARA KOD ODRASLIH ^ILEANACA
No full textBackground: Establishing reference intervals (RIs) in clinical laboratories is essential, as these can vary due to inter-individual variability as well as the analytical methods used. The purpose of this study was to determine RIs for markers and ratios biochemical in apparently healthy Chilean adults. Methods: A sample of 1,143 data was selected from the Universidad Católica de Temuco, Clinical Laboratory database, La Araucanía Region, Chile, which were analysed by sex. The Tukey’s Fences was used to detect outliers and the RIs were established using the non-parametric method. Results: The RIs obtained for the female sex were: Urea 2.48–7.35 mmol/L, AST 0.20–0.69 mkat/L, ALT 0.13–1.12 mkat/L, Alkaline Phosphatase 0.83–2.5 mkat/L, Total Bilirubin 3.5–17.3 mmol/L, Direct Bilirubin 1.5–4.9 mmol/L, Uric Acid 148–362 mmol/L and Total Proteins 66.3–80.3 g/L and for males: Urea 3.28–8.17 mmol/L, AST 0.22–0.80 mkat/L, ALT 0.18–1.9 mkat/L, Alkaline Phosphatase 0.93–2.33 mkat/L, Total Bilirubin 4.58–24.0 mmol/L, Direct Bilirubin 1.9–7.5 mmol/L, Uric Acid 202–458 mmol/L and Total Proteins 67.4–83 g/L. The FIB-4 and APRI index presented a range of 0.2–1.6 and 0.12–0.5 respectively (in both genders) and the AST/ALT index was 0.5–2 in women and 0.38–1.66 in men. Conclusion: A panel of RIs for locally-relevant biochemical parameters has been established, this study being the first to be carried out in our country. When comparing these results with other studies and those reported by reagent manufacturers, some differences were observed. This study thus contributes to increase the reliability in the interpretation of laboratory results and therefore to the clinical management of patients. © 2024 Society of Medical Biochemists of Serbia. All rights reserved.Vicer-rectoría de Investigación y Postgrado; Universidad Católica de Temuco, UCTUniversidad Autónoma de Chil
Exploring the catalytic potential of AuxPt4-x clusters on TiC and ZrC (001) surfaces for hydrogen dissociation
No full textThe adsorption and dissociation of hydrogen on bimetallic clusters of AuxPt4-x supported on TiC (0 0 1) and ZrC (0 0 1) surfaces, has been studied using periodic boundary density functional theory (DFT). Simulations reveal that H2 exhibits moderate adsorption energies on AuxPt4-x/TMC (TM = Ti and Zr) systems and dissociates with a tiny barrier comparable to archetypal catalyst such as Pt (0 0 1). The incorporation of two different metal atoms (Au and Pt) in the cluster results in a noticeable enhancement of catalytic activity compared to clusters of equivalent size composed of pure metals like Pd, Cu, and Pt when deposited on TiC (0 0 1). Furthermore, our calculations reveal that the adsorbed H atom on the AuPt3 cluster is prone to spill over the C sites on both surfaces, and the migration of hydrogen atoms on both supports is thermodynamically favorable. In essence, our results provide compelling evidence that when AuxPt4-x clusters are supported on surfaces with a significant degree of polarity, as TMCs, the complete system H2/AuxPt4-x/TMC can efficiently activate and dissociate H2 concurrently, highlighting the potential for enhanced catalytic efficiency in hydrogenation reactions. © 2024Center for the Development of Nanosciences and Nanotechnology; Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico, FONDECYT, (1220366, 1220715, 1231487, ANID-REDES 190102); Centro para el Desarrollo de la Nanociencia y la Nanotecnología, CEDENNA, (AFB 220001
The Number of Nephrons in the Kidney: A Relevant Question Implicated with Arterial Hypertension
No full textStereological methods are used to obtain quantitative information about the three-di- mensional structures based on observations on cutting planes or, to a limited degree, projections. Stereological methods, which are used in biological research, and especially in the study of normal and pathological kidney, are powerful tools for the study of the kidney. The study of kidney development, with emphasis on subtypes of clusters found in this period of intrauterine life, has relevance to assess renal maturity and the consequences of changes in the normal process. Several studies have shown that the total number of nephrons varies widely in normal human kidneys. An association between the small number of nephrons and subsequent development of hypertension in adulthood has increasingly been accepted. There is sufficient experimental and clinical evidence to conclude that blood pressure is associated with the number of nephrons, although this concept is not unanimous in the literature
Employee sensemaking in organizational change via knowledge management: leadership role as a moderator
No full textGrounding on sensemaking theory, this study examines how employees’ sensemaking counters organizational changes with the help of knowledge management. Further, this study examines how effective leadership role in the corporate sector redefine their goals and values due to the current uncertain global situation to ensure their survival in a competitive environment. Our hypotheses were supported by a time-lagged examination of 403 employees working in Pakistan corporate sector organizations. Hierarchical regression was used to evaluate the study hypotheses. We also used the Hayes (2017) PROCESS macro model 7 to examine moderation mediation. The results show that employee sensemaking positively affects organizational change, and knowledge management mediates this relationship. Further, an effective leadership role is a buffering mechanism that strengthens the model. As a result, employees who use the broad pattern of sensemaking strategies increase their knowledge about unexpected changes. This research explains the study’s findings and delves into their practical and theoretical implications. Furthermore, this study also shows a limitations. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2023. corrected publication 2023