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Plasticidad muscular y fibras híbridas en la musculatura masticatoria. Revisión de literatura
No full textThe masticatory musculature is characterized by presenting hybrid fibers that in recent years have been related to the phenomenon of muscle plasticity. The objective of the study was to describe the relationship between muscle plasticity and the hybrid muscle fibers present in the masticatory muscles, through a narrative review. For this, an electronic search was conducted in PUBMED, ScienceDirect and BIREME, using the keywords: “Muscle Plasticity”, “Hybrid Muscle Fibers” and “Hybrid Fibers”. Documents that report the myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms present in the masticatory muscles of humans and other mammals were selected, along with the changes linked to functional demands. The presence of type I and type II pure fibers were described, in addition to other isoforms such as MHC-la, MHC-IIM, MHC-fetal and MHC-cardiac. However, a significant percentage of fibers in the masticatory muscles are hybrids, that is, they express more than one MHC isoform, which are also different at the intermuscular and intramuscular level. Local influences can contribute to the variation of fiber type expression. In the chewing muscles, weaning, the hardness of food, bruxism, craniofacial morphology and the use of dental prostheses generate changes at the level of the chewing muscles, where the presence of hybrid fibers is common. The important presence of hybrid fibers in the masticatory muscles and their relationship with muscle plasticity throughout the life cycle, due to functional and pathological changes, is concluded. It is important for Speech Therapy and Myofunctional Therapy to deepen their understanding of the physiology of oromyofunctional behavior.La musculatura masticatoria se caracteriza por presentar fibras híbridas que en los últimos años se han relacionado con el fenómeno de plasticidad muscular. El objetivo del estudio fue describir la relación entre la plasticidad muscular y las fibras musculares híbridas presentes en la musculatura masticatoria, mediante una revisión narrativa de literatura. Para esto, se realizó una búsqueda electrónica en PUBMED, ScienceDirect y BIREME, utilizando las palabras claves: “Muscle Plasticity”, “Hybrid Muscle Fibers” y “Hybrid Fibers”. Fueron seleccionados documentos que reportan las isoformas de cadena pesada de miosina (MHC) presentes en los músculos masticatorios de humanos y otros mamíferos, junto a los cambios vinculados a demandas funcionales. Se describe la presencia de fibras puras tipo I y tipo II, además de otras isoformas como la MHC-la, MHC-IIM, MHC-fetal y MHC-cardíaca. Sin embargo, un porcentaje considerable de fibras en la musculatura masticatoria son híbridas, es decir, expresan a más de una isoforma de MHC, las cuales también son diferentes a nivel intermuscular e intramuscular. Las influencias locales pueden contribuir a la variación de la expresión del tipo de fibra. En la musculatura masticatoria, el destete, la dureza de los alimentos, el bruxismo, la morfología craneofacial y el uso de prótesis dentales genera cambios a nivel de los músculos masticatorios, donde es común la presencia de fibras híbridas. Se concluye la presencia importante de fibras híbridas en la musculatura masticatoria y su relación con la plasticidad muscular a lo largo del ciclo vital, debido a cambios funcionales y patológicos. Es importante que los terapeutas de habla y motricidad orofacial profundicen en el conocimiento de la fisiología del comportamiento oromiofuncional
Estudio Histológico en Embriones de Cobayo (Cavia porcellus) y su Utilidad como Modelo para la Comprensión del Desarrollo Embrionario Humano
No full textThe guinea pig is an animal model widely used in biomedical research due to its biological similarities with humans. The objective of our study is to provide morphological support to use histological preparations of guinea pig embryos as a study model to understand the processes of human embryonic development. Our results show that guinea pig embryos present morphological characteristics similar to those observed in human embryos, suggesting that they can be used as an effective model to study human embryonic development. This finding has important implications for research and teaching using this animal model. Histological preparations of guinea pig embryos stained with hematoxylin eosin, acquired by the Autonomous University of Chile, were analyzed. Photomicrographs of histological preparations of guinea pigs at different stages of development were taken and the best images were selected to describe structures and establish estimates of embryogenesis. From the analysis of the preparations it is clear that organs such as the esophagus, spinal cord and heart present anatomical and histological similarities that make it possible to compare them with human embryonic development and gestation age in early stages. The use of guinea pig embryo preparations and their analysis from a histological aspect turns out to be a feasible methodological strategy due to the similarities in mammalian embryogenesis and the morphological concordances with the development of organs between humans and rodents. This allows this animal model to be implemented as a tool to understand human embryonic development. © 2024 The authors.Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Analysis of Trace Impurities in Lithium Carbonate
No full textLithium carbonate (Li2CO3) is a critical raw material in cathode material production, a core of Li-ion battery manufacturing. The quality of this material significantly influences its market value, with impurities potentially affecting Li-ion battery performance and longevity. While the importance of impurity analysis is acknowledged by suppliers and manufacturers of battery materials, reports on elemental analysis of trace impurities in Li2CO3 salt are scarce. This study aims to establish and validate an analytical methodology for detecting and quantifying trace impurities in Li2CO3 salt. Various analytical techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), were employed to analyze synthetic and processed lithium salt. X-ray diffraction patterns of Li2CO3 were collected via step-scanning mode in the 5-80° 2θ range. SEM-EDX was utilized for particle morphology and quantitative impurity analysis, with samples localized on copper tape. XPS equipped with a hemispherical electron analyzer was employed to analyze the surface composition of the salt. For ICP-OES analysis, a known amount of lithium salt was subjected to acid digestion and dilution with ultrapure water. Multielemental standard solutions were prepared, including elements such as Al, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Si, Zn, Ca, K, Mg, Na, and S. Results confirmed the presence of the zabuyelite phase in XRD analysis, corresponding to the natural form of lithium carbonate. SEM-EDX mapping revealed impurities of Si and Al, with low relative quantification values of 0.12% and 0.14%, respectively. XPS identified eight potential impurity elements, including S, Cr, Fe, Cl, F, Zn, Mg, and Na, alongside Li, O, and C. Regarding ICP-OES analysis, performance parameters such as linearity, limit of detection (LOD), and quantification (LOQ), variance, and recovery were evaluated for analytical validation. ICP-OES results demonstrated high linearity (>0.99), with LOD and LOQ values ranging from 0.001 to 0.800 ppm and 0.003 to 1.1 ppm, respectively, for different elements. The recovery rate exceeded 90%. In conclusion, the precision of the new ICP-OES methodology renders it suitable for identifying and characterizing Li2CO3 impurities. It can effectively complement solid-state techniques such as XRD, SEM-EDX, and XPS.(Figure presented.) © 2024 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.Universidad Católica del Norte, UCN; ANID Fondecyt, (11230732, UCN1910, 11230831); FONDEQUIP, (EQM 210078); Programa ANID Fondequip, (EQM 140044 2014-2016)Universidad Autónoma de ChileInstituto de Ciencias Aplicada
Insights from a Qualitative Exploration of Adolescents’ Opinions on Sex Education
No full textBackground: Adolescence is a crucial time in the development of young people’s identity, and sexuality is a key issue. Comprehensive sex education provides the knowledge and skills to help adolescents protect their sexual and reproductive health and rights. Policies on sex education in secondary schools are highly influential in the development of quality programmes that support comprehensive sex education. The aim of this study was to explore, describe and understand adolescents’ experiences of sex education. Methods: A qualitative study based on Gadamer’s phenomenology was used. Two focus groups and four in-depth interviews were conducted with 12 private school students, followed by inductive data analysis using ATLAS.ti software 9.0. Results: Two main themes were identified in the analysis: (1) sex education is a challenge for secondary schools and (2) student expectations of sex education. Conclusion: It is essential for adolescents to have access to comprehensive sex education that is adapted to the different stages of their development, is provided by specialised teachers, and involves their families in the process. © 2024 by the authors.Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Contextos complejos, actores locales y políticas públicas. El caso del aeropuerto de Temuco en la región de La Araucanía, Chile
No full textEl denominado “conflicto mapuche” es una realidad transversal en varias comunas de la Región de La Araucanía haciendo de éste un problema complejo de múltiples dimensiones. Por lo mismo, los mecanismos de interacción y deliberación entre los actores involucrados cobran una vital importancia para el diseño, la implementación y la evaluación de políticas públicas. El presente artículo explora, de manera descriptiva y analítica, el caso de la construcción del aeropuerto de Temuco, capital regional de La Araucanía, señalando cómo la falta de una estrategia de comunicación y deliberación entre los diversos actores implicados se traduce en un escenario de reivindi- cación política que afecta de manera directa la implementación de políticas locales de infraestructura, en un escenario de por sí complejo y conflictivo
Lung Inflammatory Phenotype in Mice Deficient in Fibulin-2 and ADAMTS-12
No full textInteraction between extracellular matrix (ECM) components plays an important role in the regulation of cellular behavior and hence in tissue function. Consequently, characterization of new interactions within ECM opens the possibility of studying not only the functional but also the pathological consequences derived from those interactions. We have previously described the interaction between fibulin2 and ADAMTS-12 in vitro and the effects of that interaction using cellular models of cancer. Now, we generate a mouse deficient in both ECM components and evaluate functional consequences of their absence using different cancer and inflammation murine models. The main findings indicate that mice deficient in both fibulin2 and ADAMTS12 markedly increase the development of lung tumors following intraperitoneal urethane injections. Moreover, inflammatory phenotype is exacerbated in the lung after LPS treatment as can be inferred from the accumulation of active immune cells in lung parenchyma. Overall, our results suggest that protective effects in cancer or inflammation shown by fibulin2 and ADAMTS12 as interactive partners in vitro are also shown in a more realistic in vivo context. © 2024 by the authors.Instituto Asturiano de Odolontología; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, MCIU; V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of the Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, IAO SB RASUniversidad Autónoma de Chil
Structural and intermediary determinants in sexual health care access in migrant populations: a scoping review
No full textObjectives: Addressing migrant population's sexual health needs is essential, given the high vulnerability of this population, especially during migratory trajectories and when accessing health care in destination countries. The aim of this scoping review is to identify and describe the structural and intermediary determinants and their dimensions, which negatively influence sexual healthcare access in migrant population in the world in the last 20 years. Study design: Scoping review. Methods: The search strategy was carried out in the databases PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, and CINAHL. The inclusion criteria were primary studies published in English or Spanish from 2000 to 2022, describing determinants or barriers to access to sexual health for international migrants, refugees, and asylum seekers. The construction of the results was based on the social determinants of health framework. Results: A total of 44 studies were included. Thirteen categories that negatively affect access to sexual health in migrants were identified—structural determinants: language and communication barriers, religious and cultural values, VIH stigma and discrimination, irregular migration status, financial constraints, racism and discrimination, gender inequalities, and lack of knowledge and awareness about sexuality and sexual health; and intermediary determinants: financial health coverage, privacy and confidentiality, health system navigation; health system and facilities, and psychosocial factors. Conclusion: The most relevant dimensions identified as barriers to access to health services were “culture and societal values” and “health system”. Identifying the determinants that affect migrants' access to sexual health is relevant for the formulation of public policies with sociocultural relevance and an intersectional and human rights approach. © 2023 The Royal Society for Public HealthFondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico, FONDECYT, (1220371); Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico, FONDECYT; Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo, ANI
Compromiso de no repetición del Estado colombiano, en el Pos-Acuerdo 2016, una forma de reparación en transición, para las FARC-EP y las nuevas y futuras víctimas
No full textLa paz, los conflictos y la justicia transicional como soporte de la reparación. Tema de tradición individual pero complejo al concebirse colectivo. Realidad advertida como resultado parcial de investigación, desde el acuerdo de paz firmado el 24 de noviembre de 2016 entre el Estado Colombiano y el grupo insurgente “fuerzas armadas revolucionarias de Colombia, ejército del pueblo” (FARC-EP) donde se evidencia la existencia de todo un desarrollo dentro de los estándares internacionales de la justicia transicional y del compromiso de no repetición del Estado para de impedir el surgimiento de nuevas víctimas en el del pos-acuerdo generadas por él y por terceros. Una inédita modalidad de reparación integral, figura única a nivel mundial sustentada en: los derechos fundamentales de las generaciones nuevas y futuras y la paz como derecho colectivo y de segunda generación
Are e-Health Interventions Effective in Reducing Diabetes-Related Distress and Depression in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes? A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis
No full textBackground: e-Health refers to any health care service delivered through the internet or related technologies, to improve quality of life. Despite the increasing use of e-health interventions to manage type 2 diabetes (T2D), there is a lack of evidence about the effectiveness on diabetes distress and depression, which are common issues in those living with T2D. Purpose: To synthesize and determine the effects of e-health interventions on diabetes distress and depression among patients with T2D. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Web of Science for randomized controlled trials (RCTs), non-RCTs and observational cohort studies for the effects of e-health interventions on diabetes distress and depression in patients with T2D up to September 14, 2022. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 recommendations were followed. The risk of bias was assessed according to the Risk-of-Bias 2 tool (RCTs), the Risk Of Bias In Non-randomised Studies-of Interventions (ROBINS-I) (non-RCTs) and the National Institute of Health tool (observational). The standardized mean difference (SMD) and its related 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated with the DerSimonian-Laird method through random-effect models. A pooled raw mean difference (MD) meta-analysis was conducted for RCTs comparing the effects of e-health versus control on diabetes distress screening to display the clinical impact. Results: A total of 41 studies (24 RCTs, 14 non-RCTs, and 3 observational) involving 8,667 individuals were included. The pooled SMD for the effect of e-health versus the control group on diabetes distress was −0.14 (95% CI = −0.24 to −0.04; I2 = 23.9%; n = 10 studies), being -0.06 (95% CI = −0.15 to 0.02; I2 = 7.8%; n = 16 studies) for depression. The pooled raw MD on diabetes distress screening showed a reduction of −0.54 points (95% CI = −0.81 to −0.27; I2 = 85.1%; n = 7 studies). Conclusion: e-Health interventions are effective in diminishing diabetes distress among adults with T2D, inducing clinically meaningful reductions. Copyright 2024, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers.Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte, MECD, (FPU 19/00167); Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte, MECD; European Social Fund Plus, ESF, (2020-PREDUCLM-16746); European Social Fund Plus, ESF; Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, UCL
Liderazgo por género en el proceso de las políticas públicas en la Municipalidad Provincial de Puno, 2017
No full textEl objetivo del estudio es analizar y comprender los estilos de liderazgo organizacional que desarrollan, tanto mujeres como hombres, para participar en la gestión de las políticas públicas desarrollada en la Municipalidad Provincial de Puno. La metodología del estudio es cualitativa, cuyo diseño es fenomenológico, porque hace énfasis en el análisis de los significados y sentidos que otorgan los actores individuales a sus experiencias subjetivas vividas, colectivamente, en torno al proceso de las políticas públicas locales. Como resultado de la investigación se ha identificado que en el proceso de gestión de las políticas públicas locales las mujeres tienden, en mayor medida, al ejercicio del estilo de liderazgo transformacional; mientras que los hombres tienden, predominantemente, a ejercer el estilo de liderazgo transaccional. En determinadas circunstancias o situaciones ambos géneros hacen uso complementario de ambos estilos de liderazgo: transformacional y transaccional