Repositorio académico de acceso abierto (Univ. Autonóma de Chile)
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Prácticas tradicionales defectuosas en el cuidado infantil
No full textProper advice regarding home-based care of normal infants is no less important than managing critical diseases. Otherwise parents tend to follow traditional practices running in the family which are often deleterious. Clinicians must also be aware of the faulty traditional practices so that they can actively enquire them in the child’s history. The author enlisted various such faulty traditional practices as experienced by him during his OPD practice in various public and corporate hospitals over a period of five years. Topics relating mainly to the infant age group have been chosen for this article. Relevant search was done on these topics in standard paediatric textbooks, journals, and websites (like WHO, NICE, AAP) to find the validity of these practices as well as the standard recommendations on these topics. It was found that the standard recommendations often differ from the traditional practices. Detailed text was included from various authentic sources regarding few dubious topics related to home-based infant care. Clinicians should be aware of the correct recommended methods regarding the day to day homebased infant care. They should counsel the parents accordingly so as to avoid any harm caused by faulty traditional practices and social beliefs.El asesoramiento adecuado sobre la atención domiciliaria de los bebés normales no es menos importante que el manejo de enfermedades críticas. De lo contrario, los padres tienden a seguir las prácticas tradicionales de la familia que a menudo son perjudiciales. Los médicos también deben ser conscientes de las prácticas tradicionales defectuosas para poder investigarlas activamente en la historia del niño. El autor reclutó varias prácticas tradicionales defectuosas que experimentó durante su práctica en OPD en varios hospitales públicos y corporativos durante un período de cinco años. Para este artículo se han elegido temas relacionados principalmente con el grupo de edad infantil. Se realizaron búsquedas relevantes sobre estos temas en libros de texto, revistas y sitios web estándar de pediatría (como OMS, NICE, AAP) para encontrar la validez de estas prácticas, así como las recomendaciones estándar sobre estos temas. Se encontró que las recomendaciones estándar a menudo difieren de las prácticas tradicionales. Se incluyó texto detallado de varias fuentes auténticas con respecto a algunos temas dudosos relacionados con el cuidado infantil en el hogar. Los médicos deben conocer los métodos correctos recomendados con respecto al cuidado infantil diario en el hogar. Deben asesorar a los padres en consecuencia para evitar cualquier daño causado por prácticas tradicionales y creencias sociales defectuosas
The Methodological Quality of an Article of Treatment on Early Ductal Decompression Versus Conservative Treatment for Gallstone Pancreatitis with Ampullary Obstruction
No full textEarly ductal decompression in the treatment of acute biliary pancreatitis with ampullary obstruction is controversial. The objective of this study is to determine the methodological quality, internal and external validity of the article of Acosta et al. (2006), that compares the effectiveness of early ductal decompression versus conservative management in acute biliary pancreatitis with ampullary obstruction. Acosta et al., article was subjected to a therapy User’s Guide. Subsequently its methodological quality was analyzed applying 3 instruments; MINCIR therapy, CONSORT and SIGN. The application of these instruments was performed independently by four researchers, trained in critical analysis of the literature and clinical epidemiology. The article is not oriented to a definite question. It has a random assignment of participants, but these were not properly considered until the end of the study. It has 16 points of MINCIR scale (cut-off of the methodological quality construct is 18). Fulfills with only 10 of the 21 items of CONSORT. All the instruments used put in evidence similar methodological weaknesses that lead to questioning of the internal and external validity of the study, a fact that in turn makes questioning the logic of the applicability of this protocol
Analysis of Strategies for the Integration of Security Practices in Agile Software Development: A Sustainable SME Approach
No full textIncorporating security into software development in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is an increasingly relevant challenge and a crucial necessity, especially in an uncertain and fast-paced environment like that of an agile setting. Given the growing threat of cyberattacks, it is imperative to address this issue. This article examines and subsequently analyzes existing strategies in the literature regarding secure software development in the context of SMEs employing agile methodologies. The study initiates a systematic literature review to identify strategies employed in this context. The findings reveal that 57.9% of the studies present strategies to tackle security in agile software development, with 20.2% specifically focusing on SMEs. Subsequently, practices demonstrating success in integrating security measures into the software development lifecycle (SDLC) are analyzed and categorized. The results underscore the necessity of addressing security in the agile environment, as it remains a significant challenge in software development. Effective approaches are also required for small businesses to ensure application protection and long-term sustainability. © 2013 IEEE.Universidad Autónoma de Chil
INTERMEDIARIOS EN UNA RED INTER-ORGANIZACIONAL: DESAFÍOS DE LA DESCENTRALIZACIÓN EN UN BARRIO DE MONTEVIDEO
No full textEl artículo analiza las relaciones inter-organizacionales en el contexto de la descentralización política a través de un estudio de caso en el barrio Peñarol, en la ciudad de Montevideo. Se aplicaron técnicas de análisis de redes sociales para dar cuenta de la red de vínculos organizacionales. A través de dicho análisis se pretende dar cuenta de los procesos de autonomía que la descentralización promueve y limita. Específicamente se indaga en profundidad un tipo de rol clave que parecen jugar las organizaciones locales distintivamente frente a las externas, a saber el rol de intermediador o articulador en los flujos entre organizaciones de la red. Este rol permite, potencialmente, la generación de capacidades locales, relevantes para la promoción del desarrollo local, a la vez que supone una inversión en el mantenimiento de la conectividad de la red
Sex Differences in Effects of Exercise on Physical Function in Aging: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis
No full textPurpose: Our objective was to synthesize and determine whether there are sex differences in physical function following exercise interventions in older adults. Materials and Methods: A systematic search was conducted in four databases from inception to July 8th, 2023 searching for prospective trials that conducted exercise interventions in older adults and results for physical function were reported by sex. Pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using a randomeffects method. The Sidik-Jonkman estimator was used to calculate the variance of heterogeneity (I2). Results: A total of 19 studies involving 20,133 older adults (mean age ≥60 years, 33.7% female) were included. After exercise interventions, males reported significantly greater pre-post changes compared to females for upper body strength (SMD=- 0.40, 95% CI: -0.71 to -0.09; I2=75.6%; n=8), lower body strength (SMD=-0.32, 95% CI: -0.55 to -0.10; I2=52.0%; n=11), and cardiorespiratory fitness (SMD=-0.29, 95% CI: -0.48 to -0.10; I2=89.1%; n=12). Conversely, the pooled SMDs showed a significant effect favoring females for motor fitness (SMD=0.21, 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.39; I2=0%; n=7). Limited and inconsistent results were observed for flexibility. Conclusions: Our study suggests the existence of sex-related differences on physical function after an exercise intervention in the older population. © 2024 Korean Society for Sexual Medicine and Andrology.Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte, MECD, (FPU 19/00167); Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte, MECD; Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, UCLM, (2020-PREDUCLM-15596); Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, UCLM; European Social Fund Plus, ESF, (2020-PREDUCLM-16746); European Social Fund Plus, ESF; Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, H2020, (101028929); Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, H202
Sleep Efficiency and Latency as Indicators of Sleep Quality by Bmi: Multicentric Study
No full textThe circadian rhythm plays a crucial role in regulating various physiological and behavioral processes, including sleep. Sleep quality is a construct that encompasses different aspects of sleep experience, such as difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep. Dysregulations of circadian cycles are prevalent in modern societies, leading to alterations in sleep patterns and potentially impacting overall health. Altered sleep patterns have been associated with an increased risk of overweight and obesity, particularly among university students who often exhibit poor dietary habits and sleep disturbances. While previous studies have focused on quantitative aspects of sleep, there is limited information regarding the association between qualitative elements of sleep and nutritional status in university students. Therefore, this cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate sleep quality by nutritional status among university students in Chile. © 2024 Macarena Valladares
Evaluación de la Prescripción de Hipoglucemiantes orales en población adulta con Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2
No full textErrors in the prescription of drug treatment for type 2 diabetes are detected at the primary level of care. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality of the prescription of oral hypoglycemic agents in patients attended in the family doctor's offices of the Hermanos Cruz University Polyclinic, Pinar del Río distrit, Cuba. A descriptive and cross-sectional study of the use of medications was carried out, classified within these as indication-prescription with elements of the therapeutic scheme and factors that condition prescription habits. The universe was made up of 1575 patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with oral hypoglycemic agents who belonged to the 20 family medical offices. The study sample was carried out by the non-probabilistic sampling method (for convenience) (n = 846). The information was obtained from the clinical history and control card of the patients to acquire these medications. The age of 40-49 years, the female sex and between 5-10 years of evolution of the disease predominated. The first line of treatment was not used in 43.6% of the cases; no case had laboratory studies for the use of Metformin. The prescription and dose was adequate, but not its rational use. The most frequent interactions were pharmacokinetic ones. The rational use of oral hypoglycemic agents was deficient, which makes it necessary to expand the dissemination of a treatment protocol to improve the use of these drugs at the primary level of care.En el nivel primario de atención se detectan errores en la prescripción del tratamiento farmacológico de la diabetes tipo 2. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la calidad de la prescripción de hipoglucemiantes orales en pacientes atendidos en consultorios del médico de la familia del Policlínico Universitario Hermanos Cruz, municipio Pinar del Río, Cuba. Se realizó un estudio de utilización de medicamentos de tipo descriptivo y transversal clasificado dentro de estos como de indicación-prescripción con elementos de esquema terapéutico y de factores que condicionan los hábitos de prescripción. El universo estuvo conformado por 1575 pacientes con diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 tratados con hipoglucemiantes orales que pertenecían a los 20 consultorios médicos de la familia. La muestra de estudio se obtuvo por el método de muestreo no probabilístico (por conveniencia) (n=846). La información se obtuvo de la historia clínica y tarjeta control de los pacientes para adquirir estos medicamentos. Predominó la edad de 40-49 años, el sexo femenino y entre 5-10 años de evolución de la enfermedad. No se usó la primera línea de tratamiento en el 43,6 % de los casos, ningún caso tenía estudios de laboratorio para el uso de la Metformina. La prescripción y dosis fue adecuada no así su uso racional. Las interacciones más frecuentes fueron las farmacocinéticas.
El uso racional de hipoglucemiantes orales fue deficiente lo que hace necesario ampliar la divulgación de un protocolo de tratamiento para mejorar el uso de estos fármacos en el nivel primario de atención
Gut-Brain Axis Deregulation and Its Possible Contribution to Neurodegenerative Disorders
No full textThe gut-brain axis is an essential communication pathway between the central nervous system (CNS) and the gastrointestinal tract. The human microbiota is composed of a diverse and abundant microbial community that compasses more than 100 trillion microorganisms that participate in relevant physiological functions such as host nutrient metabolism, structural integrity, maintenance of the gut mucosal barrier, and immunomodulation. Recent evidence in animal models has been instrumental in demonstrating the possible role of the microbiota in neurodevelopment, neuroinflammation, and behavior. Furthermore, clinical studies suggested that adverse changes in the microbiota can be considered a susceptibility factor for neurological disorders (NDs), such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), Huntington’s disease (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In this review, we will discuss evidence describing the role of gut microbes in health and disease as a relevant risk factor in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders, including AD, PD, HD, and ALS. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico, FONDECYT, (1200178); Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico, FONDECYT; Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo, ANI
E-Government as a Development Strategy: The Case of Estonia
No full textThis paper examines the role of e-government (EG) in fostering economic transition and development, focusing on the Estonian case. Positioned as a development strategy, EG utilizes information and communication technologies in the public sector to enhance competitiveness and well-being. Drawing from Weberian bureaucracy, it highlights two crucial institutions: secure property rights and governance rules emphasizing transparency, trust, and security (TTS). These institutions offer a comprehensive perspective on the positive impacts of EG. The paper suggests strategies for optimizing these effects, concluding with recommendations for EG implementation and proposing avenues for further research in developing country contexts. © 2024 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
Three Fe(III)-reducing and nitrogen-fixing bacteria, Anaeromyxobacter terrae sp. nov., Anaeromyxobacter oryzisoli sp. nov. and Anaeromyxobacter soli sp. nov., isolated from paddy soil
No full textThree microaerophilic bacterial strains, designated SG22T, SG63T and SG29T were isolated from paddy soils in PR China. Cells of these strains were Gram-staining-negative and long rod-shaped. SG22T, SG63T and SG29T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with the members of the genus Anaeromyxobacter. The results of phylogenetic and phylogenomic analysis also indicated that these strains clustered with members of the genus Anaeromyxobacter. The main respiratory menaquinone of SG22T, SG63T and SG29T was MK-8 and the major fatty acids were iso-C15:0, iso-C17:0 and C16:0. SG22T, SG29T and SG63T not only possessed iron reduction ability but also harboured genes (nifHDK) encoding nitrogenase. The genomic DNA G+C contents of SG22T, SG63T and SG29T ranged from 73.3 to 73.5%. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA–DNA hybridisation (dDDH) values between SG22T, SG63T and SG29T and the closely related species of the genus Anaeromyxobacter were lower than the cut-off values (dDDH 70% and ANI 95–96%) for prokaryotic species delineation. On the basis of these results, strains SG22T, SG63T and SG29T represent three novel species within the genus Anaeromyxobacter, for which the names Anaeromyxobacter terrae sp. nov., Anaeromyxobacter oryzisoli sp. nov. and Anaeromyxobacter soli sp. nov., are proposed. The type strains are SG22T (= GDMCC 1.3185T = JCM 35581T), SG63T (= GDMCC 1.2914T = JCM 35124T) and SG29T (= GDMCC 1.2911T = JCM 35123T). © 2024 The Authors.Key Project of Science and Technology innovation in Fujian Province, (2022G02014); National Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC, (42177270); National Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC; National Key Research and Development Program of China, NKRDPC, (2021YFD1900400); National Key Research and Development Program of China, NKRDP