Repositorio académico de acceso abierto (Univ. Autonóma de Chile)
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Professional learning communities as a place for ‘catharsis’ and learning during the COVID-19 pandemic
No full textThis study seeks to examine how the design and implementation of a professional learning community promotes teacher educators’ professional learning during the recent health crisis. The article reports the experience of six Chilean English language teacher educators that participated in the first iteration of a larger design-based research project. Data were collected through a focus group and individual semi-structured interviews and analysed using thematic analysis, which offered the possibility of showing the participants’ varied perspectives and insights towards the community. The community became a space to seek and provide advice, emotional support and improve collegial relationships during uncertain times. It also offered a low-risk space to unveil teaching practices, reflect upon them and learn with and from colleagues. This article’s main contribution is a detailed description of the design and implementation of a learning community and its characteristics while highlighting the relevance of teachers’ selves for their professional growth. © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo, ANID; National Research and Development Agency, (72190352)Universidad Autónoma de Chil
Algunas notas sobre la resolución por incumplimiento a partir de la sentencia de la Corte Suprema de fecha 27 de septiembre de 2016 (“IN ELCO con SA ESA ”)
No full textEl presente comentario busca destacar, con ocasión de la sentencia analizada, algunos aspectos relevantes del remedio denominado resolución por incumplimiento. De este modo, nos referiremos a la finalidad de este mecanismo, cuestión común que comparte con los otros remedios contractuales, esto es, satisfacer el interés o propósito práctico del acreedor, frustrado por el incumplimiento del deudor, y que –en particular– consiste en deshacer el contrato a fin de buscar una operación de reemplazo en el mercado; acto seguido, abordaremos lo relativo al ejercicio unilateral y extrajudicial de este remedio, para luego examinar la redacción de la estipulación objeto del fallo, así como la entidad del incumplimiento resolutorio, asumiendo como punto de partida que la forma más idónea de modular el ejercicio y eficacia de este remedio es a través de una cláusula resolutoria. Finalmente, ofreceremos algunas conclusiones
Política criminal en Chile: entre lógicas tecnocráticas y participación ciudadana
No full textEl presente artículo aborda la producción de instrumentos jurídicos en Chile, como revelador de las tensiones entre las lógicas tecnocráticas y las demandas de participación ciudadana, que interpelan el modelo de gestión pública en el país. Con este fin, toma la experiencia del Anteproyecto de Código Penal presentado por el Ministerio de Justicia y Derechos Humanos de Chile a fines de 2018, planteando la pregunta por el componente participativo en su elaboración. Si bien la perspectiva es fundamentalmente nacional, revisamos algunas experiencias comparadas. No discutiremos en detalle cuestiones dogmáticas que se ven reflejadas en las propuestas normativas. Partimos del supuesto que el método condiciona el resultado y que por ello es un factor determinante. Nos preguntamos por la pertinencia de ampliar la participación ciudadana en la elaboración de propuestas normativas en materia penal y qué ventajas y/ o dificultades se encuentran aquí presentes. Nuestra hipótesis es que mientras más participativo sea el proceso de construcción de un proyecto de Código Penal, mayor va a ser su potencial impacto social. Indagamos si existen experiencias previas de participación ciudadana en la elaboración de propuestas de política criminal, como también si el nivel de “punitividad” de la población constituye un argumento aplicable en contra de una mayor participación ciudadana. Concluimos que varios de los anteproyectos de Código Penal presentados en los últimos años, encarnan una concepción tecnocrática de la gestión pública, contribuyendo a una despolitización de los conflictos sociales. Como consecuencia, los ciudadanos se alejan de la política y las instituciones del Estado pierden legitimidad y prestigio
Andrology: A Medical Specialty in Development Once Again
No full textA better understanding of sperm physiology and the development of new methods for assessment of this function, opens the possibility of improving both new IVF techniques including cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and making more accurate diagnoses. Implementing new therapies, allowing treatment at the cellular level. recovering or improving sperm function that is altered, eventually generated Molecular Andrology. This radical change to assess fertility in men has varied the definition of the Andrology Clinic to incorporate these concepts. Defining the Andrologist, as a physician who, in addition to the clinical aspects of male infertility, is a specialist in the evaluation and treatment of sperm defects. The tests conducted by the Andrologist determine not only the biological aspects of sperm from testicular production level, but also their functional attributes and fertilizing capacity
Spanish version of the Maastricht Personal Autonomy Questionnaire: A validation study among community-dwelling older adults with chronic multimorbidity
No full textBackground: Loss of personal autonomy in older adults with chronic multimorbidity is associated with worsened biopsychosocial health. In order to facilitate the standardised assessment of personal autonomy in older adults with chronic conditions, nurses could use the Maastricht Personal Autonomy Questionnaire (MPAQ). Objective: To translate, culturally adapt and psychometrically assess the Spanish version of the MPAQ in community-dwelling older adults with chronic multimorbidity (MPAQ-Sp). Methods: Observational cross-sectional study. A convenience sample of 884 community-dwelling older adults was recruited from 10 community centres in five health districts in southeastern Spain. Data were collected between January 2021 and September 2022. The study was completed in four phases. Phase 1: The MPAQ was translated into Spanish. Phase 2: A pilot test of reliability and content validity was conducted. Phase 3: To test the dimensionality of the tool, an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted. Phase 4: a final validation study was conducted which included a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and assessed the validity (content, criterion and construct), reliability and readability of the MPAQ-Sp. Results: The average age of the sample was 75.89 years (SD = ±8.04). Their mean number of chronic conditions was 4.84 (SD = ±2.19) and 67% were women. The MPAQ-Sp is comprised of 16 items distributed in four subscales: [1] the ‘Degree of autonomy’ scale, [2] the ‘Working on autonomy’ scale, [3] the ‘Dilemmas: health over preferences’ scale and [4] the ‘Dilemmas: preferences over health’ scale. Conclusions: The Spanish version of the MPAQ-Sp is a valid and reliable instrument to assess personal autonomy in Spanish-speaking, community-dwelling older adults with chronic multimorbidity. Implications for Practice: The use of the MPAQ-Sp would allow researchers and healthcare professionals to identify a loss of personal autonomy among Spanish-speaking community-dwelling older adults with chronic multimorbidity. © 2023 The Authors. International Journal of Older People Nursing published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, MICINN; Agencia Estatal de Investigación, AEI; Universidad de Almería, UAL, (21_22_1_15)Universidad Autónoma de Chil
The Role of Preservice Teachers’ Quantitative and Covariational Reasoning in Understanding Climate Change
No full textThis article analyzes how three mathematics preservice teachers (PSTs) reasoned quantitatively and covariationally while making sense of the Earth’s energy budget (EB)—a model of energy circulation within the Earth’s climate system—and discusses how their quantitative and covariational reasonings influenced their understanding of climate change. The PSTs completed the EB task during an individual, task-based interview; the task explored two concepts that are key to understanding climate change: The Earth’s EB and the link between carbon dioxide (CO2) pollution and global warming. The results showed that quantitative and covariational reasoning played an important role in shaping the PSTs’ understanding of climate change, extending the usefulness of these theories from the mathematics education domain to the science education domain. More specifically, when these two types of reasoning supported the realizations of an EB with multiple equilibriums and an increase in global temperature as a response to increasing CO2 levels, the PSTs could describe and model why CO2 pollution causes global warming. Conversely, if their reasoning did not support those two realizations, then they develop misconceptions about the EB and global warming. The results suggest that strengthening quantitative and covariational reasoning in connection to climate change can prepare mathematics and science teachers to teach it. © 2024 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
The association of changes in leisure-time physical activity on depressive symptoms during Covid-19 in German adults: A longitudinal study
No full textThis longitudinal survey assessed preventive and curative antidepressant effects of at least 75 min/week of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) at different timepoints of the Covid-19 pandemic. We further investigated if high self-regulation skills were associated with higher odds of initiating or maintaining LTPA during the pandemic. Data was collected online from 4253 participants (age: m = 33.65 years, SD = 0.79; 79 % female) during the first quarantine measures in Germany (T1), as well as 4 weeks (T2), and 8 months (T3) later. We performed linear mixed models with changes (T2-T1, T3-T1) in LTPA and baseline major depressive disorder (MDD) as predictors (main effects and interaction effect) and depressive symptoms (at T2, T3) as the primary outcome. We found significant interaction effects of baseline depression and change in LTPA on depressive symptoms at T2 and T3 (p < 0.001). For probable cases of MDD an increasing LTPA to ≥75 min/week (vs. no change, <75 min/week) was associated with less depressive symptoms at T2 and T3 (p = 0.003, d = 0.28). For absence of depression at baseline, remaining at ≥75 min/week of LTPA was associated with less depressive symptoms at T2 and T3 compared to remaining at <75 min/week (p = 0.006, d = 0.11) or decreasing LTPA to <75 min/week (p = 0.018, d = 0.11). Reporting high self-regulation at T1 was associated with higher odds of performing ≥75 min/week of LTPA at T2/T3 (OR = 1.74, p < 0.001). In general, studies report reduced LTPA during Covid-19. To benefit from the reported preventive and interventional effects, further interventions should focus on improving physical activity related self-regulation to identify and overcome barriers for LTPA. © 2023 Elsevier LtdBeatrice Atrott; Clara Deinhard
Harnessing algal power: Algal membrane photobioreactors revolutionizing toxic wastewater matter separation and treatment–A comprehensive review
No full textBackground: The utilization of microalgae for the purposes of pollutant removal, wastewater treatment, and nutrient recovery aligns with the fundamental principles of the circular bioeconomy. These principles prioritize the transformation of waste materials into valuable products, while simultaneously safeguarding ecological systems. The integration of microalgae culture and wastewater purification techniques is a novel and promising strategy for addressing the challenges posed by environmental consequences, energy resource depletion, and water constraints. Methods: Microalgae photo-bioreactors (PBR) and membrane photobioreactors (MPBR) for wastewater cleanup involved in nutrient removal, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus. By utilizing microalgae for wastewater treatment, this approach offers the dual benefit of efficiently remediating wastewater while also yielding valuable biomass as a product. This combination presents an environmentally friendly and sustainable strategy for addressing both water quality issues and the demand for renewable resources. Significant findings: This current review presents microalgae remediation methods for heavy metals, focusing on phycoremediation difficulties and possible solutions. Addressing these difficulties improves phycoremediation efficiency, economic feasibility, sustainability, and environmental friendliness. This review also discusses MPBR advances in nutrient recovery and wastewater cleanup. This study investigates whether microalgae-based wastewater treatment can efficiently manage high-nutrient effluents. © 2024Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo, ANID; Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico, FONDECYT, (11220730); Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico, FONDECY
Comparing the effectiveness of k-different treatments through the area under the ROC curve
No full textThe area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) has become a popular index not only for measuring the overall prediction capacity of a marker but also the strength of the association between continuous and binary variables. In the current considered study, the AUC was used for comparing the association size of four different interventions involving impulsive decision making, studied through an animal model, in which each animal provides several negative (pretreatment) and positive (posttreatment) measures. The problem of the full comparison of the average AUCs arises therefore in a natural way. We construct an analysis of variance (ANOVA) type test for testing the equality of the impact of these treatments measured through the respective AUCs and considering the random-effect represented by the animal. The use (and development) of a post hoc Tukey's HSD-type test is also considered. We explore the finite-sample behaviour of our proposal via Monte Carlo simulations, and analyse the data generated from the original problem. An R package implementing the procedures is provided in the supporting information. © 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.National Institute of Mental Health, NIMH; Asturies Government, (PID2020‐118101GB‐I00); Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, MCIN, (1R01MH134141