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El contexto ético en el debate sobre los conflictos vitales
Get PDFThe so-called “vital conflicts” constitute one of the most serious complications of pregnancy, both from a clinical and ethical point of view. In this article, in continuity with a previous work, we analyze the second of the two major topics of discussion raised in Catholic moral theology by the work of Martin Rhonheimer, Vital Conflicts in Medical Ethics, commissioned by the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. Rhonheimer defends the morality of a medical intervention that saves the life of the mother, even if it means anticipating the inevitable death of the child. His argument is based on the category of ethical context, an approach generally rejected by his critics. In line with the wishes of the Congregation, this debate has contributed to a deepening of the essential elements of human action, starting from a borderline case that continues to present itself today. With this work, we complete the first detailed and critical exposition of an extraordinary discussion in the recent history of moral theology, in which some twenty scholars have participated.Los llamados “conflictos vitales” constituyen una de las complicaciones más graves del embarazo, tanto desde el punto de vista clínico como ético. En este artículo, en continuidad con un trabajo anterior, analizamos el segundo de los dos grandes temas de discusión suscitados en la teología moral católica por la obra de Martin Rhonheimer, Vital Conflicts in Medical Ethics, encargada por la Congregación para la Doctrina de la Fe. Rhonheimer defiende la moralidad de una intervención médica que salva la vida de la madre, aun cuando implique anticipar la muerte inevitable del hijo. Su argumento se basa en la categoría del contexto ético, un enfoque generalmente rechazado por sus críticos. En la línea de lo que deseaba la Congregación, este debate ha contribuido a una profundización en los elementos esenciales de la acción humana, a partir de un caso límite que sigue presentándose en la actualidad. Con este trabajo, completamos la primera exposición detallada y crítica de una discusión extraordinaria en la historia reciente de la teología moral, en la que ha participado una veintena de académicos
Promising Insects for Sustainable Food and Biofuel
Get PDFFood and energy security are global challenges due to growing demand for proteins and biofuels in the pursuit of a sustainable society. Although insects have emerged as environmentally-friendly sources that can replace meats, promising insect species as common resources for food and energy have not been examined. This study therefore identifies the insect species that can be utilized for sustainable food and energy based on their substance contents. These are nitrogen and phosphorus representing protein and minerals, respectively; lipids representing economic feasibility for biodiesel; and water representing drying energy requirement for storage. Fourteen species of the insects commonly farmed are examined: beetles, butterflies, cockroaches, flies, grasshoppers, and bees. Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis (PBS) larvae and termite are identified as promising species. The PBS larvae have the highest potential as a common resource for sustainable food and energy due to higher contents of nitrogen and phosphorus than beef, pork, and chicken; high oil content comparable to palm full fruit bunch (FFB) and soybean; and the lowest water content. This study can thus contribute to initiating new R&D and industrial endeavors to develop mass farming technology for such insects and securing sustainable resources for food and energy
Stem electrical potential variations may aid in the early detection of drought stress in fruit-bearing trees
Get PDFElectrical plant signaling as a variation potential (VP) occurs in response to a wide range of stimuli, and it is associated with the induction of sudden changes in xylem pressure. Additionally, there is evidence that electrical potential (EP) of plants changes with changing soil water content. Therefore, the use of EP as a direct plant measurement of plant water status may have potential as water stress monitoring information. EP measurements within plant stems indirectly correlate with sap flow (SF), which is one possible variable for estimating plant water use. However, whether this relationship is stable under drought conditions is not known. The present work investigated the relationships between SF and EP variations during an 18-day drought period on three avocado trees to test the hypothesis that the relationships between SF and EP may be lost due to drought intensity. The results showed that short-term variations in EP were positively associated with vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and SF variations but negatively associated with soil water content (SWC). An increase in VP emissions was observed as drought advanced, which was negatively associated with stem water potential (SWP). After 18 days of drought, irrigation almost completely suppressed short-term variations in EP. The present work provides preliminary results that strongly suggest a relationship between drought stress and EP variations in plant stems. Further research is needed to confirm whether the EP trends observed during drought are due to cavitation events and emission of VP signals and/or linked to other physiological processes, e.g., pH changes in response to drought or embolism. Meanwhile, the present work indicates that short-term variations in EP (dEP) are strongly associated with the intensity of drought stress, thus stem electrical potential variations may aid in the early detection of drought stress in fruit-bearing trees
A Review of Aquaponics: Concept, Current Situation and Development
Get PDFIn the face of global warming, environmental pollution, population growth, and the degradation of biodiversity and natural resources, sustainable farming practices have become crucial and should be explored and implemented. Aquaponics is an agricultural system that integrates aquaculture and hydroponics in the application of sustainable farming technologies. The nitrogen-rich biomass produced by aquatic life is used to feed crops, while the feeding process also acts as a natural filtering system that maintains the habitat of aquatic life. This article divides the development history of aquaponics into three stages: the origin stage (before the 1960s), the initial stage (1960s), and the development stage (after the 2010s). Five typical aquaponic models are compared and analyzed. This work suggests that the basic theory of the aquaponic system should be studied thoroughly, and the intelligent and industrial development trends of the system should be explored. These studies can provide sufficient evidence and concrete references for large-scale applications of aquaponics
Debater as ameaças: o medo na propaganda política eleitoral espanhola
No full textThis study examines the use of fear by Spanish political parties in electoral debates since the collapse of traditional bipartisanship in 2014. The decision to use fear is due to the recent turbulent events that Spain has experienced politically and socially since new political parties emerged. Using content analysis and critical discourse analysis, this study examines how fear is used in the typical propaganda format of debates involving fewer intermediaries. Five debates from the parliamentary elections since 2014 in which more than two presidential candidates participated (446 interventions in total) are examined. Thus, the threats alluded to by the different parties, the propaganda techniques used and the themes that take center stage in the speeches when it comes to generating fear are identified. In this way, it is established that the parties use fear differently depending on their ideology and that their age or tradition is a secondary variable.This study examines the use of fear by Spanish political parties in electoral debates since the collapse of traditional bipartisanship in 2014. The decision to use fear is due to the recent turbulent events that Spain has experienced politically and socially since new political parties emerged. Using content analysis and critical discourse analysis, this study examines how fear is used in the typical propaganda format of debates involving fewer intermediaries. Five debates from the parliamentary elections since 2014 in which more than two presidential candidates participated (446 interventions in total) are examined. Thus, the threats alluded to by the different parties, the propaganda techniques used and the themes that take center stage in the speeches when it comes to generating fear are identified. In this way, it is established that the parties use fear differently depending on their ideology and that their age or tradition is a secondary variable.O presente estudo identifica a utilização do medo pelos partidos políticos espanhóis nos debates eleitorais desde a rutura do bipartidarismo tradicional em 2014. Através de uma análise de conteúdo e de uma análise crítica do discurso, esta pesquisa disseca a forma como o medo é utilizado no formato de propaganda por excelência, os debates. São estudados cinco debates pertencentes às cinco eleições gerais realizadas desde 2014, nos quais participam mais de dois candidatos à presidência (446 intervenções no total). Assim, são identificadas as ameaças aludidas pelos diferentes partidos, as técnicas de propaganda utilizadas e os tópicos protagonistas dos discursos quando se trata de gerar medo. Desta forma, determina-se que os partidos utilizam o medo de forma diferente consoante a sua ideologia, sendo a sua idade ou tradição uma variável secundária
Reflexão e criação: correspondências no contexto do teatro contemporâneo. Abordagens e o caso Esta obra está muerta [Esta peça está morta] e Proyecto Vania [Projeto Vania]
No full textThe present article deploys four elements: an approach to the link between reflection and creation in the context of local contemporary theater. This makes visible the patterns of thought that weave theory and practice and how ideas of research and creation intervene in this phenomenon. We will examine two work projects that belong to the authors and were conceived in the heat of a reflective-creative interest. Dante Parra will present ideas based on his work Esta obra está muerta [This play is dead] (2023) and Simón Cuadros from Proyecto Vania [Vania Project] (2023). We can contribute to a better understanding of the correspondences proposed in the first part of the paper by analyzing these cases. These areall linked by a reflective and creative impulse to create what some might call a reenchantment of the world.El presente artículo se propone desplegar cuatro elementos. En primer lugar, unaaproximación al vínculo reflexión-creación en el contexto del teatro contemporáneo local,visibilizando los tramados de pensamiento que se pueden estar tejiendo en un espaciocompartido entre teoría y práctica teatral, considerando además los modos en que la idea deinvestigación-creación interviene en dicho fenómeno. A partir de este acercamiento, serealizará la revisión de dos casos de proyectos de obras que pertenecen a los autores y quehan sido concebidos al calor de un interés reflexivo-creativo. Dante Parra presentará ideasen base a su obra Esta obra está muerta (2023) y Simón Cuadros a partir de Proyecto Vania(2023). Los casos servirán para completar la aproximación y contribuirán en el esbozo de unacaracterización de las correspondencias propuestas en la primera parte. Hacia el final, en sucuarta parte, el texto propone pensar los puntos comunes en relación con lo que podríamosdenominar “un reencantamiento del mundo” en base al impulso reflexivo-creativo quevincula los casos expuestos.
O presente artigo propõe desdobrar quatro elementos. Em primeiro lugar, uma abordagem sobre o vínculo entre reflexão-criação no contexto do teatro contemporâneo local, visibilizando os entrelaçamentos de pensamento que podem estar sendo tecidos em um espaço compartilhado entre teoria e prática teatral, considerando também as formas em que a ideia de pesquisa-criação intervém nesse fenómeno. A partir dessa aproximação, será realizada a revisão de dois casos de projetos de pegas que pertencem aos autores e que foram concebidos no calor de um interesse reflexivo-criativo. Dante Parra apresentará ideias com base em sua obra Esta obra está muerta [Esta peça está morta] (2023) e Simón Cuadros a partir do Proyecto Vania [Projeto Vania] (2023). Os casos servirão para completar a abordagem e contribuirão para o esboço de uma caracterização das correspondências propostas na primeira parte. Por fim, na quarta parte, o texto propõe pensar os pontos comuns em relação ao que poderíamos denominar "um reencantamento do mundo", com base no impulso reflexivo-criativo que vincula os casos expostos
Editorial PSYKHE ENERO 2025
Get PDFThe history of the journal Psykhe began in 1992, and since then it has contributed uninterruptedly and significantly to the development and dissemination of research in psychology both in Chile and Latin America, with an emphasis on the quality of academic work, rigorous research and its relevance to the social and cultural context. From 2020 to date Psykhe has published a total of 154 articles (including those available online first), by authors from 18 countries. This demonstrates our deep conviction in the relevance of building a collaborative, solid and rigorous scientific community, which allows us to sustain the quality of academic work in our region and its impact on our societies. For this reason, I would first like to thank the researchers who send their articles to the journal, those who collaborate in reviewing them, and all the collaborators of Psykhe who have allowed us to sustain our role in this community.La historia de la revista Psykhe se inicia en 1992, y desde ese entonces ha contribuido de manera ininterrumpida y significativa al desarrollo y difusión de la investigación en psicología tanto en Chile como Latinoamérica, con un énfasis en la calidad del trabajo académico, la rigurosidad en la investigación y su pertinencia de acuerdo al contexto social y cultural. Desde el año 2020 a la fecha Psykhe ha publicado un total de 154 artículos (incluyendo los disponibles en online first), de autores/as provenientes de 18 países. Esto da cuenta de nuestra profunda convicción en la relevancia de construir una comunidad científica colaborativa, sólida y rigurosa, que permita sostener la calidad del quehacer académico en nuestra región y su impacto en nuestras sociedades. Por lo mismo, quisiera agradecer primero a las/los investigadoras/es que envían sus artículos a la revista, a quienes colaboran en la revisión de éstos, y a todas y todos los colaboradores de Psykhe que nos han permitido sostener nuestro rol en esta comunidad
La contradicción de la diversidad institucional en el cuerpo de estudiantes de diseño
No full textThe United States of America has pioneered initiatives, policies, and pedagogies to diversify its higher education student bodies. In design education, for instance, students are taught to self-represent their cultures and those of their ancestors instead of representing others. Like many activities touched by neoliberal multiculturalism, however, this institutionalization of diversity does not fundamentally alter the historical negative differentiation between student and faculty, White and non-White, or male and female bodies. Following Sarah Ahmed, this autoethnographic militant design research reconceptualizes institutional diversity as a contradiction that can be felt and critically worked by a design student body through collective, not just individual, self-representation.Estados Unidos ha sido pionero en materia de iniciativas, políticas y pedagogías destinadas a diversificar el cuerpo de estudiantes de la educación superior. En la educación en diseño, por ejemplo, se enseña al estudiantado a autorrepresentar sus culturas y las de sus antepasados, en lugar de representar a otras. Sin embargo, al igual que muchas actividades afectadas por el multiculturalismo neoliberal, esta institucionalización de la diversidad no consigue alterar los fundamentos de la histórica diferenciación negativa entre cuerpos de estudiantes y docentes, personas blancas y no blancas, o femeninos y masculinos. Siguiendo a Sarah Ahmed, esta investigación militante en diseño de carácter autoetnográfico reconceptualiza la diversidad institucional como una contradicción que puede ser percibida y trabajada críticamente por un cuerpo de estudiantes de diseño a través de la autorrepresentación colectiva, y no solo individual
BOLIVIA. Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos -Informe- Sobre solución amistosa del caso Javier Charque Choque, asesinado por orden de la autoridad de una comunidad indígena producto de un conflicto ocurrido en una ceremonia. Fue torturado en un acto de "justicia comunitaria". Estado reconoce su responsabilidad.
No full textBOLIVIA. Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos -Informe- Sobre solución amistosa del caso Javier Charque Choque, asesinado por orden de la autoridad de una comunidad indígena producto de un conflicto ocurrido en una ceremonia. Fue torturado en un acto de "justicia comunitaria". El Estado reconoce que no actúo de manera adecuada frente a los hechos.
Fuente: www.oas.org