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Distribution expansion of Gray mangroves, Avicennia marina and A. alba, in Haneji Inland Sea and around Yagaji Island, and consideration on the eradication of these species.
ヒルギダマシAvicennia marinaは宮古島を自然分布の北限とし,沖縄島では国内移入種のマングローブである.沖縄島では,植樹活動及びこれを基としての再生産により分布域を拡大している.名護市の羽地内海では,2000年頃には植樹されたヒルギダマシが確認され,その後同内海の干潟で急激に分布を拡大している.また,新たな移入種としてウラジロヒルギダマシの分布も確認されている.ヒルギダマシは急激に分布域を拡大し,羽地内海沿岸干潟全域へ分布域を広げている.一方,ウラジロヒルギダマシは我部地区干潟の一角に分布が限られていた.本研究では,両種
の分布状況を2016年と比較し分布の変化について明にした.また,羽地内海と周辺部の干潟における拡大防止(駆除)の考え方についても考察をした.2021年の全体の分布量は,1.55倍に増加し,新たな分布場所として24ヶ所を追加した.分布場所は主に,羽地内海西側の本部半島側のワルミ海峡近傍で増えていた.これら場所では,分布量の増加が9.47倍以上で,主要な分布地である饒平名干潟やその周辺部の1.92倍未満に比べ非常に高い増加量であった.干潟で分布状況より駆除難易度を3段階(A~C)に区分した.駆除難易度BとCは,小規模の人力対応でも駆除が可能な場所である.本研究で新たに追加した分布場所は駆除難易度BとCであり,これら場所は急激に分布を拡大している場所でもある.これら場所は,更なる分布拡大を抑制する観点で重要な場所であると考察した.Avicennia marina is a domestically introduced mangrove species in Okinawa Island and its natural northern limit distribution is Miyako Island. Propagation of this mangrove in Okinawa Island was induced by plantation activities as well as by natural reproduction from the parent trees. Planted A. marina was found in Haneji Inland Sea, around 2000, and rapidly expanded over the wetlands in the vicinity. Another Avicennia mangrove, A. alba, was also confirmed in the same area as well. In this study, distribution of these two species was compared between 2016 and 2021, and inhibition of expansion of these mangroves, namely eradication, is considered. The volume of distribution increased 1.55 folds from 2016 to 2021 and the newly distributed areas were also added to this research. Mainly increased areas were in the vicinity of Warumi Strait, in the west of the inland sea. The increased volume of these areas were more than 9.47 folds, which is profoundly higher if compared to the value less than 1.92 folds in the main distribution areas of Yohena wetland and vicinity areas. Three categories of eradication difficulty levels, A to C, were conceived. Newly added areas of this study were categorized levels B and C, where the areas could be eradicated by small scale manual labor. Distribution of these areas showed rapid expansion, which underlines the importance of these areas because the inhibition of distribution expansion is these areas serves as a key to control the overall expansion.departmental bulletin pape
Report on support activities for university teachers at the COVID-19 Hospital Standby Station in central Okinawa
departmental bulletin pape
The conflict of three forces in colonial Taiwanese agriculture:Analysis of three-rotational-irrigation-system and contradictory relationship between rice and sugar in the area of the Chia-nan irrigation canal
米糖相克問題は長らく台湾の植民地統治の重要な用語とされ、米を作りたい台湾人と砂糖を生産したい日本人との対立であると説明されてきた。よって米糖相克はしばしば植民地台湾と帝国日本の二項対立的な枠組みで理解される。一方で、米糖相克は三年輪作という灌漑システムが導入された用水路、嘉南大圳の灌漑区域には出現しなかったとみなされてきた。
しかし、当時の三年輪作に関する資料を見てみると、嘉南大圳灌漑区域においても米糖相克が生じている。加えて、日本人対台湾人という二項対立では説明できない状況がある。それはすなわち開発主体(総督府土木局、嘉南大圳組合)と糖業界(製糖会社、総督府殖産局)、台湾人エリートという三つ巴の関係であった。よって、本研究では三年輪作に関する議論を読み解くことで、植民地台湾農業における開発主体、製糖会社、台湾人エリートの3勢力の対立構造を描き出すことを目的とする。
資料としては、国内外で収集した文献資料を用いた。特に近年公開された『台湾新民報(日刊)』や中央研究院台湾史研究所档案館所蔵の石錫純による論文「嘉南大圳に於ける三年輪作に付て」、製糖会社の視点を示す雑誌書籍などを利用した。当時の三年輪作に関する資料を米糖相克に焦点を当てて分析していくことで、これまで認識されてこなかった3勢力の緊張関係を描き出すことができた。There was a contradictory relationship between rice and sugar (米糖相克), which was an important historical term in Taiwan during the Japanese colonial period. The Taiwanese wanted to plant rice, while the Japanese wanted the farmers to plant sugarcane. This problem has often been understood within the framework of the “colonial Taiwan” and “imperial Japan.” However, this conflict also has been understood as absent in the area of the Chia-nan irrigation canal (嘉南大圳) because of three-rotational-irrigation-systems (三年輪作).
However, after reading the documents of that era, there were contradictory relationships between rice and sugar in those area. And not only conflicts between the Japanese and Taiwanese; however, there were conflicts between the development subjects, sugar companies, and Taiwanese
elites; these three forces opposed each other. The three rotational irrigation system brought about tensions between the three forces. In this study, I examine the framework of conflict of the three forces in the colonial Taiwanese agriculture.
The research data that I examine are the documents of the Archives of Institute of Taiwan History of Academia Sinica, books, articles in magazines and newspapers, and other materials.departmental bulletin pape
A Synchronic Perspective on the Grammaticalization of Deverbal Preposition Including
concerningやconsideringなどの動詞派生前置詞(秋元 2014: 49)は、通時的には現在分詞から発達した文法化現象とされる。本論文ではそのような動詞派生前置詞の一つであるincludingを取り上げ、それが動詞派生前置詞へと至る連続的なカテゴリー変化(文法化)を、(i)前置詞への置換テスト、(ii) 等位接続テスト、(iii)強意副詞rightとの共起、(iv) (間)主観化(Traugott 2003)、(v)前置詞的副 詞、の観点から考察していく。『リーダーズ英和辞典』『ジーニアス英和大辞典』やOxford Dictionary of English(ODE)等をみると、includingはexcludingの対義語となる「前置詞」と分類されている。 しかし、Oxford English Dictionary(OED)では、当該語は「前置詞」と分類されてはいない。本研究ではまず、先行研究の記述を踏まえた語法分析の結果から、文法化に伴う意味の漂白化が生じて いると考えられるものの、includingは動詞includeの意味を依然として強く保持していることを示す。さらには、<除外>の意味を表す前置詞(but, except, without, barring, excluding)とは異なり、類似した意味を持つ前置詞が複数存在しないという唯一性を持つ点で特徴的であることを指摘する。その上で、当該語が「書き言葉」だけに限らず広く使用されるという事実を、大規模コーパスCorpus of Contemporary American English(COCA)のデータを用い、アメリカ英語を母語とする話者の内省により検証する。Deverbal prepositions such as concerning and considering (Akimoto 2014: 49) are said to have diachronically undergone grammaticalization from present participles to prepositions. In the present study, we focus on prepositional including as one of such cases, and explore its synchronic uses. In order to reveal to what extent including has undergone gradual change in the word-class from a verb into a preposition, data collected from large-scale corpora are examined from a number of perspectives such as (i) the substitution test, (ii) the coordination test, and (iii) the intensifier right co-occurrence test, and (iv) grammaticalization (Hopper 1991; Hopper and Traugott 2003) and (inter)subjectification (Traugott 1989, 2003), and (v) adverbial usage, through the introspection of native speakers. From these considerations, we argue that the deverbal preposition including, compared with prepositions describing ‘exclusion’ such as but, except, without, barring, and excluding, is unique in that it slightly involves semantic bleaching, thus retaining quite a number of properties originating in include as a verb. In addition, we show that including is not only used in written texts but also in spoken and Internet communication.departmental bulletin pape
Possibility of using SOC as psychological support for cancer patients literature review
departmental bulletin pape