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Case Study regarding Social Disadvantages of People who have not Completed Compulsory Education - Through Interviews with the Deprived Victims regarding Education Opportunities during the Chaotic Times after the Battle of Okinawa -
本研究は,義務教育未修了者(昭和7年生~昭和12年生)の女性を対象に学齢児童生徒期における学校教育との関係についての聞き書きを分析したものである。彼女らは,沖縄戦によって学業が中断され,学校教育を受ける機会を剥奪されたばかりではなく,戦後は,混乱期の沖縄社会の中で,家族を支えるために学校教育を断念し働かざるを得なかった状況にあった。小学校及び中学校の義務教育を十分受けていないために,低学歴・低収入の中で生活に困難を抱える者もいれば,偶発的に基地従業員,あるいはバス会社の社員として雇用された者の生活は比較的安定した。だが,社会生活を営む中で,読み書きの能力を含む社会的スキルの未熟さを痛感し,義務教育を受けたいとする“学び”への渇望は常に持ち続けていた。それが,沖縄県の義務教育未修了者支援事業(学び直しの事業)への参加理由であった。This study interviewed women who have not completed compulsory education (born between1932-1937) asking them mainly about their childhood through school/student age (elementary and junior high school age), and analyzed the results. Not only their studies were interrupted by the Battle of Okinawa and their opportunity to receive school education was forfeit, but also were in circumstances to have to give up their studies and work to support their family in the postwar chaos in the Okinawan society. Because they had not received adequate compulsory education for elementary and junior high schools, some of them were struggling to live working low-education/low-income jobs. Others may have been fortunate and had reasonably stable lives due to fortuitously being employed by the military base or a worker at a bus company. However, living their social life, they became keenly aware of their unskillfulness in social skills including reading and writing. They have always held their strong desire towards “studies,” wanting to someday receive their compulsory education. This is why they decided to participate in the Support Project for People who have not Completed Compulsory Education (Re-Education Project) by the Okinawa Prefecture.departmental bulletin pape
Retailing and Regional Communication ― Consider from the Aging Society and Kyodo-Shop of Okinawa ―
わが国の人口減少と高齢社会の到来の中で,消費者・生活者を取り巻く環境は大きく変化している。その変化は我々の生活環境に大きな影響を及ぼしている。これまで消費者・生活者の生活の充実・充足をもたらしてきたものの1つに小売業がある。この小売業は,昨今,その需要基盤である人口減少・高齢社会の中で,採算性の確保を維持しつつ企業活動を継続できないために撤退や廃業を余儀なくされている。さらにそのことによって,地域の人々の日常生活に不可欠な買い物環境の悪化をもたらしているという現実がある。
以上のような状況から,買い物弱者やフードデザート問題が大きな話題として取りあげられているが,単に流通環境あるいは流通機能等の弱体化だけが問題でないことも明らかとなっている。この流通環境や流通機能が充足されていても,そこに住む人々との関係性の問題,地域の中でのコミュニティやコミュニケーションといった社会的な側面との関係も明らかとなってきている。
本論文では,単なる物販業としての小売業と地域社会におけるコミュニティとの関係いついて,沖縄に現存する共同売店の存立根拠等を事例に,生活インフラとして,社会的な存在意義について考察するものである。Japan is entering an era of declining population and an aging society. As a result, the environment surrounding consumers has changed significantly. The retailing is one of the things that have brought about the fulfillment of the lives of consumers. However, it has become difficult recently to continue business while ensuring profitability, and that resulted in forcing many businesses to withdraw or close their business. Furthermore, that has brought real deterioration in the shopping environment, which is indispensable to the daily lives of local people.
Under such situation, the problem of vulnerable shopping and food deserts has been taken up as a big concern, but it has been also raised that the weakening of the distribution environment or function is not the only problem. Even if the distribution environment and the distribution function are satisfied, the relationship with the people and their social aspects such as community and communication within the region are clearly having an effect too.
In this paper, we examine the relation between the retailing and regional community, using the grounds for the existence of Kyodo-Shop as an example. We consider also the significance of being a living infrastructure and a social existence, and present our findings and considerations.departmental bulletin pape
Association of leg agility with mobility in older women
高齢者において,敏捷性と運動・移動能力との関連性についてのエビデンスは少なく,しかも両者の関連性については明らかにされていない.そこで本研究では,女性高齢者を対象として,下肢敏捷性の指標であるステッピングと運動・移動能力との関係を検討した.本研究の対象者は,女性高齢者108名(平均年齢74±5歳;範囲65-89歳)とした.本研究で用いたステッピングは,椅子座位にて10秒間左右の脚をできるだけ素早く踏み換える反復動作であり,その回数により測定した.運動・移動能力の指標としてTimed up-and-go test(TUG)および最大歩行速度を用いた.また,筋力の指標として握力および膝伸展力を,バランス能力の指標としては開眼片足立ちを用いた.本研究の対象者において,ステッピングは74.8±14.2(範囲34-108)回/10秒であり,年齢と有意な関係は認められなかった.各指標を従属変数,またステッピングと年齢,BMIを独立変数とした重回帰分析を行った結果,ステッピングはTUG(β=-0.239,p<0.05),最大歩行速度(β=0.446,p<0.001),握力(β=0.354,p<0.001),膝伸展力(β=0.281,p<0.01)および開眼片足立ち(β=0.301,p<0.01),と関連が認められ,これらの中で最大歩行速度との関連が最も高かった.本研究の結果から,ステッピングは,運動・移動能力と関連が高いことが示唆された.The purpose of this study was to examine the association between the stepping rate (leg agility) and mobility in older women. The participants included 108 older women (age: 74±5 years old; range: 65-89 years old). The stepping rate, mobility (timed up-and-go test [TUG],maximum walking speed), muscle strength (handgrip strength, knee extension strength)and balance (one-leg standing time with eyes open) of the participants were measured. The maximal stepping rate in 10 seconds, as measured using an industrial stepping rate counter (Stepping Counter; Yagami), was used as an index of agility. The participants were instructed to perform alternating steps with each leg as quickly as possible for 10 seconds while in a sitting position. The total number of steps for both legs was used as the participant's score. A multiple regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between the stepping rate and each of the other variables. The stepping rate was 74.8±14.2 (range 34-108) times/10 s and was not correlated with age. A multiple regression analysis adjusted for age and the body mass index revealed that the stepping rate was associated with the TUG (β=-0.239, p<0.05), maximum walking speed(β=0.446, p<0.001), handgrip strength (β=0.354, p<0.001), knee extension strength (β=0.281, p<0.01) and one-leg standing time(β=0.301, p<0.01). The results of the present study suggest that the stepping in older women is associated with mobility.departmental bulletin pape
Visual Processing of Chinese-Japanese Homographs among Chinese Learners of the Japanese Language Using Oral Translation Tasks
本研究は,中国語を母語とする日本語学習者を対象として語彙判断課題による中日同形異義語の視覚的処理過程を検討した当銘(2014)の結果を踏まえ,さらに検討を深めるため,口頭翻訳課題を採用して実験的検討を行った。実験では,中日2言語間の音韻類似性と意味関連性が操作された。実験の結果,音韻類似性が高い場合に意味関連性の促進効果が生じ,音韻類似性が低い場合に意味関連性の効果は生じなかった。これは,意味関連性が低い場合に音韻類似性の効果が生じた当銘(2014)とは異なる結果であった。中日同形異義語の処理過程モデル(当銘,2016)に沿って解釈を行った結果,当銘(2014)では中日2言語間の音韻表象の連結を通じて日本語の音韻表象が二重活性化するのに対し,本研究では中日2言語間の意味表象の連結を通じて日本語の意味表象が二重活性化することがわかった。中国人学習者の処理過程は常に一定ではなく,意味処理がどの程度求められるのかによって中日2言語の各表象の活性化の様相が変化することが明らかとなった。中国語の意味表象の活性化は,それ自体が日本語の意味処理に干渉を及ぼすことも考えられたが,日本語の意味処理を促進させる方向に働くことがわかった。これは,中国語の影響が必ずしも負の影響として働くばかりではないことを示し,活用できる部分に関しては,積極的に中国語の知識を活用していくほうが望ましいことを示唆する。The study investigated the visual processing of Chinese-Japanese homographs among Chinese learners of Japanese using an oral translation task. In the experiment, the study manipulated the phonological similarity and semantic relatedness between Chinese and Japanese as independent factors. The facilitatory effects of semantic relatedness are observed when phonological similarity is high but not when it is low. The results differ from those of Tome (2014), who investigated the visual processing of Chinese-Japanese homographs using a lexical decision task. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that dual activation spreads through the link between Chinese and Japanese semantic representations, whereas Tome’s (2014) results illustrate that it spreads through the link between Chinese and Japanese phonological representations. Moreover, they also suggest that each representation of Chinese and Japanese changes is dependent on the extent of semantic processing required. Activating the Chinese semantic representation can interfere with the activation of the Japanese semantic representation. However, this study finds that the activation of Chinese semantic representation facilitates that of Japanese semantic representation. This finding suggests that the influence of Chinese does not always act as a negative one.departmental bulletin pape
The Continuity between Yoshinori Morita’s 1940s to 1950s Theories of Kaihou-Kyouiku( Liberation Education) and Later Theories of Anti-discrimination Education
本稿の目的は,戦後日本における「解放教育」論(同和教育論)者の嚆矢だとされる盛田嘉徳が,いかなる「解放教育」思想を有していたのかを,彼のテクストに即して分析・考察することによって,戦後日本の反差別教育論の原点を確認するとともに,後の反差別教育論との思想的「連続性」を明らかにすることにある。
そこで本稿では,第一点目に,盛田と部落問題・「解放教育」が出会う経緯等と,彼が有していた融和主義への批判意識を見ていくことを通して,彼の思想的前提を探る。また,その前提から生み出された人権・部落問題学習構想を確認する。第二点目に,1949年段階における盛田の「解放教育」論の柱である,抵抗意識の形成,ならびに,「解放教育」の「一般化」に関わる構想を整理する。第三点目に,彼が考えていた,「解放教育」をめぐる外在的・内在的課題を,第四点目に,その課題等から1950年代に導き出された,彼の「解放教育」の「平易化」構想を明らかにする。最後に,1940~50年代における盛田の「解放教育」論と,後の反差別教育論との思想的「連続性」をまとめるとともに,彼の「解放教育」思想の限界を批判的に考察する。The purpose of this study is to analyze and explore the theories of Yoshinori Morita, who was considered a pioneer of kaihou-kyouiku, or liberation education (Dowa Education), in post-war Japan, by employing a textual analysis to clarify the conceptions he held regarding liberation education. I aim to confirm the origin of theories of anti-discrimination education in post-war Japan and elucidate the ideological “continuity” to subsequent theories of anti-discrimination education.
This paper reveals the following: First, Morita’s ideological presuppositions are clarified through examinations of how he approached buraku (caste) discrimination issues and kaihou-kyouiku (liberation education) as well as his critical views toward Yuwa-shugi, or a conciliatory policy. In addition, his conceptions of education for human rights and buraku problems, which were induced from these presuppositions, are confirmed. Second, Morita’s ideas regarding both the establishment of a sense of resistance and the “generalization” of kaihou-kyouiku, which were the main concepts for Morita’s liberation education theory in 1949, are organized. Third, external and internal tasks regarding “liberation education” are confirmed. Fourth, his conception of the “simplification” of the “liberation education” of the 1950s, as was induced through these tasks and problems, is elucidated. Finally, Morita’s theories regarding “liberation education” from the 1940s to the 1950s as well as the ideological continuity with subsequent anti-discrimination education are examined. Furthermore, contradictions regarding Morita’s conception of “liberation education” are critically examined.departmental bulletin pape
Student and Teacher Collaboration on Health Support Activities for People in Need in Nishihara Town and Naha City : The Activities of Team Gakky
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Functions of the Ryukyu Kingdom's a classical performing arts of the " Choja no uhushu " lineage:Kumi Odori, Otakabe, Omoro as a clue
沖縄の祭祀芸能の中でも特に重要な演目として位置づけられているものに「長者の大主」系統の芸能がある。本稿は,その芸能のもつ歴史的機能について当該芸能の周辺にある歌謡をてがかりに検討したものである。
「長者の大主」系芸能に関する研究は,これまで折口(1929),大城(2003),畠山(1983),当間(1988)によって深められてきた。折口(1929)は,当該芸能に登場する長者を遠来の神と捉え,その神である長者が土地農作を祝福するものとみた。大城(2003)は,長者を村を代表する村長的人物とし,その長者が今年の村の繁栄と五穀豊穣を神に感謝して,あわせて来る年の豊穣を祈願するものとした。また,畠山(1983)は長者を村落の草分けである根家の根人と捉え,根人である長者が神に対して五穀豊穣の感謝と祈願をするものとした。当間(1988)は,長者をムラおさとし,そのムラおさが高所から村の地勢や村人の生活状況などを望み見て村の繁栄と五穀豊穣を願うものとみたのである。
しかし,当該芸能の祝言が記された組踊台本をはじめ,その周辺に位置するオタカベやオモロを参照しながら当該芸能を探っていくと,この芸能には琉球国王の治世の長久や国家の安泰を願う機能が与えられており,その祝言を唱える男性長者は遥か古琉球期に担当の「間切」を治めていた上級役人に遡ることがみえてきた。Among the classical performing arts of the village rituals in Okinawa, there is a classical performing arts of the " Choja no uhushu " lineage, which is a particularly important program. This paper examines the historical functions of the classical performing arts, using the village songs and historical aterials around the classical performing arts as a clue.
Research on the classical performing arts of the " Choja no uhushu " lineage has been deepened by Origuchi(1929), Oshiro(2003), Hatakeyama(1983), and Toma(1988). Origuchi(1929)made the old male man who appeared in the performing art a god from another world, and that god blessed the farming of the land. Oshiro (2003) made the chief of the performing arts like a village chief, and he thanked God for the prosperity of the village this year and the good harvest of five grains, and at the same time prayed for a good harvest next year. In addition, Hatakeyama(1983)made the old man a person (=Ninchu)related to the origin of the village, and he decided to thank and pray to God for a good harvest of five grains. Toma(1988) made a male elder the head of the village, and he observed the social conditions of the village and the living conditions of the villagers from high places, and wished for the prosperity of the village and a good harvest of five grains.
However, when I researched historical materials such as " scripts of Kumi Odori," "Odori," and "Omoro," the male chief, who chanted a blessing brief chant was a senior official in the former Ryukyu peasant village, and the performing arts were originally functions for the long-term rule the Ryukyu king and the peace of the nation.departmental bulletin pape
The role of Taiwanese accounting standard-setters in the COVID-19
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Relationship between Recognition of Notification of Advanced Cancer and Experience in Receiving End-of-life Care Education in University Students
【目的】 本研究は,自身や家族が進行がんであると想定したときの大学生の進行がん告知の認識と終末期ケアの教育の受講経験との関連を明らかにすることを目的とする。
【方法】 大学生を対象に無記名質問紙調査を実施した。自身および家族が進行がんであると想定した場合の「病名」「予後」「積極的治療中止」に関する告知の認識を,リッカート尺度で評価した。進行がん告知の認識との関連要因はロジスティック回帰分析を行った。
【結果】 2大学419名のから回答が得られた(有効回答率78.3%)。内訳は看護系205名(48.9%),看護系以外214名(51.1%)であり,終末期ケアの教育を受講した経験がある者は212名(50.6%)であった。自身が進行がんであると想定した場合,病名,予後,積極的治療中止において告知を希望する者は約9割であり,一方,家族が進行がんと想定した場合,病名告知では約7割,予後および積極的治療中止の告知では約6割であった。進行がん告知の認識と終末期ケアの教育の受講経験との関係は,家族が進行がんであると想定した場合のみ病名(OR:2.66, p=0.003),予後(OR=2.02, p=0.015),積極的治療中止(OR=2.18, p=0.007)の告知の認識との間に有意な関連が認められた。
【結論】家族が進行がんと想定した場合の大学生の告知の認識と終末期ケアの教育の経験には有意な関連があった。【Purpose】The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between recognition of notification of advanced cancer and experience in receiving end-of-life care education in university students.
【Method 】An anonymous questionnaire survey targeting 419 students from two universities was carried out (effective response ratio: 78.3%). Under the presumption that one of their family members has advanced cancer, the students were questioned regarding whether they wanted notification at the time of “disease name,” “prognosis,” and “discontinuation of positive treatment,” using a Likert scale. Regarding recognition of notification of advanced cancer and related factors, logistic regression analysis was performed.
【Results】The subjects were 212 persons (50.6%) who had experience in receiving end-of-life care education. Assuming the respondents had progressive cancer, about 90% of the respondents wanted to be notified in all three situations. But 327 persons wanted notification to the family of disease name (78.0%), 281 persons wanted notification of prognosis (67.1%), and 283 persons wanted notification of discontinuation of aggressive treatment (67.5%). Regarding recognition of notification to the family and its related factors, there was a significant correlation between recognition of notification and “experience in receiving education on end-of-life care,” [disease name: OR=2.66, p=0.003; prognosis: OR=2.02, p=0.015; discontinuation of aggressive treatment: OR=2.18, p=0.007].
【Conclusion】Under the presumption that a family member has advanced cancer, recognition of notification of advanced cancer was found to be related to the experience of receiving end-of-life care education.departmental bulletin pape
Trial to realize social innovation for life expectancy extension utilizing a platform centered on big data of the Iwaki Health Promotion Project
筆者らは日本の最短命県青森県の短命県脱出を実現するための社会イノベーションのプラットフォームを作成する試みを行っている。2005年以降,岩木健康増進プロジェクトでは,毎年約1,000人の青森県弘前市岩木地区在住の成人の超多項目データを収集している。産官学民がデータ収集に関与し,それがプラットフォームになって社会のイノベーションを促進し,その後の青森の平均寿命を延伸することを目指している。結果は以下のようである。岩木健康増進プロジェクトに関与する産官学民の数が年々増加したため,ビッグデータはさらに大きく多彩になり,多能で適応性のあるものになった。それらは公衆衛生を促進する社会活動のために使用されており,企業と研究機関の間のより強力なパートナーシップを生み出している。その結果,プロジェクトから収集されたデータの量が注目を集め,そのデータが岩木健康増進プロジェクトに参加している企業や研究者にオープンにされ,より大きなプラットフォームが確立された。また,外部資金の獲得,多数の研究論文の発表,新しい健康診断の作成,健康増進センターの設立にもつながった。しかし,事の遂行には,複雑な社会学的・民俗学的・文化人類学的諸問題が山積しており,そこを乗り越える多くの対応も求められている。なお,本稿は,名桜大学から特別寄稿の依頼を受け,これまでの研究の成果を踏まえて,報告する機会をいただいたものであり,筆者らの既報(Nakaji S, Ihara K, Sawada K et al. Social innovation for life expectancy extension utilizing a platform-centered system used in the Iwaki Health Promotion Project: a protocol paper. SAGE Open Medicine (印刷中))からの引用部分がある。The authors are creating a platform for social innovation to extend lifespan in Aomori Prefecture. Since 2005, health data of approximately 1,000 adults have been collected each year during the Iwaki Health Promotion Project (IHPP). The industry, government, academia and citizens have involvements in data collection, aiming to build a platform that encourages societal innovation and subsequently extends life expectancy in Aomori. As results are as follows. Since the numbers of academia, industries, governments and citizens involved in the IHPP increased over the years, the big data produced during the project has become increasingly pluripotent and adaptable. It has been used to promote public health, which has also created a stronger partnership among industries and research organizations. Consequently, the amount of data collected from the project have gained attention and became more open to industries and researchers participating in the IHPP, resulted in establishing a larger platform. It also led to the acquisition of external funding, publications of numerous research papers, creation of new health examinations, and the establishment of the Aomori Health Promotion Center. However, there are a lot of complicated sociological, folklore, and cultural anthropological problems in carrying out things, and many measures are required to overcome them.departmental bulletin pape