Journal of Agricultural Extension Management
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Determinants of Adoption of Soil and Water Conservation Practices in Ethiopia
Full text linkThis study, undertaken in the environs of Simen Mountain National Park of Amhara state attempts to identify determinants and extent of adoption of soil and water conservation technologies. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used in the study. Descriptive statistics and a logistic model were employed to identify the factors, which determine adoption of soil and water conservation practices. It is evident from this study that socio economic and institutional factors influence the level of investment households commit to soil and water conservation. The result shows that the explanatory variables viz., the number of years the household made farming as a living, the total household labor and visit of the extension agent are significantly related to adoption of soil and water conservation practices by the farmers
Determinants and Efficiency of Sharecropping in Rice Production: the Case of Fogera District, Ethiopia,
Full text linkIn this paper, the authors analyze the factors that affect choice of share tenancy and the differences in input and output intensities between owned and sharecropped land. The analysis is based on the responses of randomly selected 120 farm households in Fogera district of West Amhara Region. The authors considered 398 plots cultivated by the sample households whereby a multinomial logistic regression model was employed. The results show that the decision to share-in land is positively related to the relative size of adult family labor to land while it is negatively related to age of the household head, female headship of households and the perceived monetary value of a plot. On the other hand, the decision to share-out land is positively related to female headship and credit access but it is negatively related to oxen ownership, absence of disabled adult family labor and the perceived value of a plot. The results also have some implications on Marshallian arguments against sharecropping tenancy which states that sharecropping is inefficient as compared to fixed rent tenancy since it doesn\u27t provide the highest incentive for the tenant to put maximum efforts in the production process while monitoring costs are usually high to be fully incurred by the landlord. In this regard, this analysis which compares sharecropping tenancy with other forms of cultivation arrangement with respect to three major inputs (labor, draft power, and seed) does not support the Marshallian argument
Orientation and utility of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Tools by Agricultural Students and Research Scholars
Full text linkInformation and Communication Technology in Agriculture (ICT-A) is an emerging field which combines the advances in agricultural informatics, agricultural development and entrepreneurship to provide better agricultural services, enhanced technology dissemination, and information delivery through various tools such as computer based advisory services (off-line), net based approaches (on-line) and mobile based services. Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU) is pioneering in the introduction of e-mode of education and teaching-learning process. In view of the ICT initiatives of TNAU, a research study was taken up involving UG, PG and Ph.D. Scholars to understand the level of ICT usage by students and their attitude toward library resources. The results indicate that there is much variation among the scholars on usage of internet facilities, system utility, usage of the computer centre, library resources and on-line examination. Students also expressed the constraints and gave suggestions for effective use of ICT interventions initiated by TNA
Impact assessment of Integrated Pest Management modules validated for Brinjal, Paddy, Pigeon pea and Cauliflower
Full text linkImpact assessment of IPM modules validated by KVK, Boudh, Odisha during 2009-2012 revealed that the technologies are being adopted by the farmers at variable rate over time. The highest adoption rate (45%) was observed in /PM module for management of fruit and shoot borer infestation in brinjal, with horizontal expansion of 115 ha additional area over four years. Lower adoption rate (20%) was observed for the /PM module for management of pod borer in pigeon pea. The /PM modules for management of stem borer in paddy and tobacco caterpillar in cauliflower were adopted by 25% and 30% respondents respectively. Among the biological constraints, non-availability of pheromone trap, lure and bio agents rank first with frequency of 80% followed by delay/difficulty in input availability (76%). The other deterrents observed under this category are non-availability of neem oil/cake, inadequate supply and poor quality of inputs. Among technological impediments are non-availability of skilled labour which ranks first (75%) followed by lack of trained extension personnel for follow-up action. High cost of labour is the major socio economic constraint (90%) followed by lack of credit facility (82%) for adoption of these technologies. For successful adoption of these modules in a sustainable manner it is essential to address these constraints in a time bound manner and system paradigm mode
Insights into Sustainable Food Systems: Learnings from Odisha’s Agricultural Officers
Full text linkSustainable food systems stand as pivotal pillars in addressing global food securitychallenges, emphasizing the need for environmentally conscious agricultural practices.Within this context, this research study delves into the realm of sustainable food systems,focusing on the invaluable insights gleaned from the dedicated cadre of Odisha’sAgricultural Officers. Their profound expertise and hands-on experience in agricultureform the bedrock of this investigation, offering a comprehensive understandingof sustainable agricultural practices and their implementation within the uniquelandscape of Odisha. The primary goal of this study is to unravel the intricate tapestryof sustainable agricultural practices through the lens of these proficient AgriculturalOfficers. Their perceptions, attitudes, and knowledge pertaining to crucial facetsof sustainable agriculture-ranging from soil health, water management, integratedpest management, to organic farming and more-serve as fundamental keystones inthis exploration. Through a structured methodology that involved pre-assessmentquestionnaires, exposure to sustainable agriculture concepts, and subsequent postassessment evaluations, this research uncovers the transformative learnings andevolving perspectives of these esteemed officers. Their wealth of experience and nuancedunderstanding of sustainable agricultural principles and challenges significantlycontributes to the broader discourse on achieving agricultural sustainability. By delvinginto the unique insights and experiences of Odisha’s Agricultural Officers, this studyaspires to shed light on actionable strategies and potential pathways to foster sustainablefood systems. Ultimately, these findings not only enrich the understanding of sustainableagriculture but also hold the promise of guiding future towards a more sustainable andresilient agricultural landscape in Odisha and beyon
Self-Directed work teams for sustainable linkages: a new approach for Agricultural development
Full text linkAgricultural extension in India has undergone several transformations since independence. The focus of extension reveals a steady progression towards technology transfer within the policy framework of food security. A significant development was the Training and Visit (T & V) extension management system in the mid-seventies. However, there has been a growing recognition that though T & V approach has made an important contribution to agricultural development it needed to be overhauled in meeting farmer~\u27 technology requirements during 2ist century. It was recognized that extension needed to broad base its programmes by utilizing a Farming System Approach, allow for greater location specify in programmes, secure greater farmer participation and ~strengthening linkage between research, extension, farmers and marketin
Estimation of Rural Poverty in Kancheepuram district of Tamil Nadu
Full text linkPoverty anywhere can be a threat to prosperity everywhere. The problems of poverty, nutritional insecurity, hunger and malnutrition are paradoxically, more acute in the predominantly agrarian countries. The UNICEF statistics indicate that, of the total global population of 6 billion, 1.10 billion people belong to households that earn a dollar a day or less per person. Fifty per cent of these absolutely poor people live in South Asia, 19 per cent in Sub-Saharan Africa, 15 per cent in East Asia and 10 per cent in Latin America and the Caribbean (Per Pinstrup, 1999
Axiomatic theory of Entrepreneurial Behavior of Farmers
Full text linkThe function of theorizing according to Gudykunst (1983) is (i) to predict, (ii) to explain or (iii) to control the phenomenon under study. The explain - prediction - control view of theory is the characteristics of positivistic approach to theory builidng. The control aspect of theory has not got dominant place in theory construction. According to Dubin (1969), theories of social and human behaviour address themselves to two distinct goals of science. (i) Prediction and (ii) understanding. In the usual case of building theory in the behavioural sciences, understanding and prediction are not often achieved together, and it therefore becomes important to ask why? According to him prediction is concerned with outcomes and understanding is concerned with interaction among variables (the unit of a theory). Theorizing is necessary in entrepreneurship research because of the need of conceptual frameworks which will give direction to the diverse research effort taking place within it. Theorizing is necessary in entrepreneurship to understand the process of entrepreneurship. Initial goal of theory in entrepreneurship will be understanding rather than prediction or contro
Strategy for Effective Agricultural Marketing Extension to Meet the Challenges in 21 st Century
Full text linkAs agriculture and Society develops, marketing becomes more important. In subsistence agriculture a farmer will mainly be feeding himself and his neighbours. The local community\u27s taste and requirements are well understood. As the populations of the cities increases, farmers have the added responsibility offeeding not only the rural market but also the growing distant urban markets. Even though, the share of agriculture in India\u27s GDP has declined from over one-third to just one-fourth, the Central Statistical Organisation survey clearly envisages that the share of agricultural enterprises in terms of number and employment is on the ris
Impact of Farm Mechanization on Selected Filed Crops in Tamil Nadu (India): An Analysis
Full text linkThe economic progress of the nation is directly expressed by the overall availability of energy and its consumption. Increase of input in agriculture directly or indirectly increases the production and productivity. In the age-old system of agriculture, the draught animal was the predominant motive power source for operations such as tillage, post-harvest and haulage etc. it is an established fact that inadequacy of the power and machinery results in very poor yields. Therefore, in order to bring more land under cultivation and to improve productivity, it is imperative to introduce other sources of power on the far