Open Research Oklahoma (Oklahoma State Univ.)
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Personal radiation dosimeter for pilots, flight attendants, and frequent flyers
No full textDuring high altitude transoceanic flights, frequent flyers are exposed to higher levels of ionizing radiation. Radiation at aviation altitudes results from cosmic rays interacting with atmospheric nuclei, triggering nuclear reactions that create a cascade effect. These cascades are known as cosmic ray air showers. Most radiation is blocked in the upper atmosphere; however, some particles penetrate through to aviation altitudes. The high-energy particles that reach aviation altitudes can pose potential health risks for frequent flyers, including pilots and flight attendants. This research project focuses on the development of a handheld radiation detector that can be carried by frequent flyers during long duration flights to measure their radiation exposure. The device implements the use of a Geiger-Müller counter and a microcontroller to detect ionizing radiation from the atmosphere. To function, the detector employs a programming system that collects, processes, and displays the radiation data. In the future, the detector will be tested on commercial flights in collaboration with colleagues at Oklahoma State, as well as high-altitude balloon flights. Data collected from the detector could potentially usher a more comprehensive understanding of radiation levels at aviation altitudes and further emphasize the importance of monitoring these levels for health and safety.Physic
Endorsement of artificial itelligence guidelines across leading nephrology journals: A cross-sectional analysis
No full textIntroduction/Objectives: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing numerous fields, including nephrology. However, its integration raises critical concerns that may arise, such as its ethical use, transparency, and clinical implementation. Effective policy development in nephrology is important due to the prevalence of kidney disease and the lower rate of research produced in nephrology compared to other specialties. The objective of our study is to evaluate nephrology journals policies regarding the use of AI in research.Methods: We reviewed the manuscript submission guidelines of the 77 highest ranked peer-reviewed nephrology journals based on the 2023 SCImago Journal Rankings. Authors extracted relevant AI related policies from the journal's Instruction for Authors. Extracted information included authorship criteria, publication policies, and the use of AI for content and image generation. Analysis included descriptive statistics using RStudio and R(version 4.2.1).Results: Our search initially identified 77 journals, with 72 meeting inclusion criteria. Among these, 40 (55.6%) journals explicitly prohibited AI in their instructions for authors. AI generated manuscript writing was prohibited in 35 (48.6%) journals and AI generated images were prohibited in 16 (22.2%) journals. No nephrology journals mentioned established AI reporting guidelines.Conclusions: While many nephrology journals acknowledge the growing role of AI in research, their policies remain inconsistent, with few requiring the adherence to established reporting guidelines. To promote transparent, replicable, and ethical research with the use of AI, we recommend that nephrology journals address the use of AI in their instructions for authors and adopt established guidelines to strengthen nephrology’s body of literature
Incidental diffuse gastric cancer in a patient with diabetic ketoacidosis
No full textBackground: Gastric cancer is the fifth most common and third most deadly cancer globally. It has three subtypes: intestinal, diffuse, and mixed, with intestinal being the most common. About 30% of gastric adenocarcinomas are diffuse (DGC). Although overall gastric cancer rates have declined due to H. pylori eradication and lifestyle changes, DGC incidence is rising. Risk factors include H. pylori infection, tobacco use, obesity, diet, and genetics. Around 1-3% of DGC cases are hereditary (HDGC), typically diagnosed before age 40, while non-hereditary DGC has a median diagnosis age of 70. DGC is most common in male Asians, Eastern Europeans, and South Americans. Over 40% of DGC patients present with metastatic disease, and the 5-year survival rate is 75% for localized disease, but only 7% for metastatic cases. DGC typically presents with abdominal pain, nausea, weight loss, and dysphagia. Histologically, it often features "signet ring" cells. The CDH1 mutation is most common, leading to reduced E-Cadherin expression, which promotes cancer spread.Case Presentation: A 77-year-old male with Type 2 diabetes, peripheral artery disease, heart failure, hyperlipidemia, benign prostate hypertrophy, and hypothyroidism presented with abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting for 2 weeks, along with decreased mental status and missed insulin doses.Physical exam showed dry mucous membranes, tachycardia, mild abdominal tenderness, and lethargy. Lab results: WBC 22.2, Na 118, K 7.3, BUN 70, Cr 2.8, Glucose 738, AG 30, pH 7.09. Differential diagnoses included DKA, mesenteric ischemia, and others.CTA was negative for ischemia, but an abdominal CT revealed liver lesions, lymphadenopathy, and a past cholecystectomy. The patient was diagnosed with DKA and treated with fluids and insulin in the ICU. He developed Afib RVR, treated with amiodarone. An MRI showed pleural effusion, ascites, liver lesions, and gastroesophageal thickening. EGD biopsy confirmed diffuse gastric adenocarcinoma. After stabilization, he was transferred to a large medical institution for further oncological treatment.Discussion: Gastrectomy is the first-line treatment for localized diffuse gastric adenocarcinoma (DGC). As cancer increases in size, spreads to lymph nodes/adjacent organs, radiation and chemotherapy are often employed. Additionally, depending on the stage of cancer, palliative care is an option. Advanced age in conjunction with abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting is a common presentation for gastric cancer. What made this case unique was the recent history of insulin noncompliance and the presence of diabetic ketoacidosis. Due to the considerable overlap in symptomatology between these two conditions, without appropriate imaging it is likely that his underlying malignancy would have been missed. Additionally, while diabetes and hyperglycemia are associated with worse outcomes in gastric cancer, DKA is not associated with diffuse gastric carcinoma
Oklahoma wheat improvement report
No full textThe Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service periodically issues revisions to its publications. The most current edition is made available. For access to an earlier edition, if available for this title, please contact the Oklahoma State University Library Archives by email at [email protected] or by phone at 405-744-6311
Fun to make and fun to play
No full textThe Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service periodically issues revisions to its publications. The most current edition is made available. For access to an earlier edition, if available for this title, please contact the Oklahoma State University Library Archives by email at [email protected] or by phone at 405-744-6311
Interaction of Chlamydia trachomatis inclusion membrane protein CT226 with host proteins human flightless homolog-1 and Tropomodulin-3
No full textChlamydia trachomatis is a gram-negative, obligate intracellular pathogen transmitted sexually in humans. It is estimated that it results in more than 3 million STI infections in the USA, including pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy, and reduced fertility. This bacterium has a distinctive biphasic life cycle; its reproductive stage creates a parasitophorous vacuole, also called an inclusion. The elementary bodies (EBs) are the pathogen's metabolic inactive and infective form, whereas the reticulate bodies (RBs) are the metabolic active and replicative form. Chlamydia secretes inclusion membrane proteins (Incs; T3SS effector proteins) that decorate the inclusion membrane and mediate host-pathogen interactions. C. trachomatis secretes 50 putative Inc proteins. Previous studies have identified that the Inc CT226 interacts with the host actin-remodelling protein Tropomodulin-3 (TMOD3) and the host inflammasome-associated protein Human flightless homolog-1 (FLII). We hypothesize that Inc CT226 interacts with host proteins FLII and TMOD3 using the leucine-rich regions present in all three proteins. This study aimed to understand which domains of FLII and TMOD3 interact with CT226. We used two approaches: a bacterial two-hybrid system to understand the interaction in a prokaryotic environment and co-immunoprecipitation to understand interaction in a eukaryotic environment. We generated several variants of FLII and TMOD3 to test them for interaction with CT226 and define their interaction domains. CT226 interacted with full-length TMOD3 (TMOD3 FL) and the TMOD3 C-terminus (leucine-rich region) in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic environments, but no interaction was observed between CT226 and the TMOD3 N-terminus. In a prokaryotic environment, CT226 interacted with the FLII gelsolin-like domain (Gel) and leucine-rich region (LRR), whereas no interaction was observed between CT226 and full-length FLII FL or a construct containing the LRR and 160 additional amino acids C-terminal to the LRR (termed LRR+). We were unable to express the FLII proteins in a eukaryotic environment
Dietary fiber, impulsivity, and the microbiome: Preliminary data
No full textThe gut-brain axis has long been posited as influencing diet choices; however, this has not been well defined in free-living populations, including examination of contributing factors, such as consumption of dietary fiber. This study leveraged baseline data from participants enrolled in a dietary fiber behavioral intervention at the Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences. Data utilized were fecal samples for gut microbiome data, three-day dietary recall records for dietary fiber (grams/day), and a stop signal task to identify a measure of impulsivity.Lew Wentz FoundationNutritional Science
Evaluation of soybean management in Oklahoma
No full textOklahoma soybean yields lag well below the national average. Low rainfall and high temperatures affect crop productivity and create a yield limiting environment for crops such as soybean. In 2023, the average soybean yield in Oklahoma was 26 bushels per acre while the national average was 49.6 bushels per acre. Input costs associated with soybean production have also been on the rise for the last several decades. Challenging environmental conditions coupled with rising production costs mean that management is more critical for soybean producers in Oklahoma.
The research aims to determine the impact of different soybean management practices and evaluate their effects on the productivity and profitability of soybean systems. The studies evaluate the effectiveness of applications of plant-growth regulators at increasing yield and profitability in soybean as well as compared highly and lowly managed soybean systems to determine the economic return of eight different agronomic inputs.
Results of both studies suggest that there are opportunities for Oklahoma soybean producers to increase yield and profitability of their production systems. In the first study, results indicate that Cygin Pro applied at the V4 stage provided the highest increase in both yield and net return while Cobra applied at V4 provided the lowest increase in yield and decreased net return when compared to the control. This suggests that applications of plant growth regulators can be an effective tool to increase yield and net return in years with marginal conditions such as drought. However, more research is needed to better understand the effects of PGR applications on soybean yield and profitability. Producers should look to other management practices until the effects of PGRs are better understood. Results suggested that on average, applications of pre-plant herbicide had the greatest positive effect on soybean yield and profitability in both a lowly and highly managed soybean system. Alternatively, in both lowly and highly managed soybean system, on average, applications of foliar fertilizer had the greatest negative effects on soybean yield and profitability
Exploratory study of tribal extension services and needs in the Pawnee Nation Community of Oklahoma
No full textDespite over a century of Cooperative Extension outreach that has been conducted by Oklahoma State University (OSU), these services have seldom reached Oklahoma’s thirty-nine sovereign Tribal nations, with thirty-eight of these being federally recognized. This exploratory study aims to determine the interest and needs for Tribal Extension services within the Pawnee Nation community of Oklahoma. Participants, recruited in collaboration with the Pawnee Nation, provided insights into their personal, familial, and communal/government utilization of 4-H, Agriculture, and Natural Resources Extension programs. Data were collected through group discussions and surveys, and were analyzed and reviewed to create a Tribal Extension Needs Analysis Report. This report will serve as a roadmap for further Tribal Extension development not only within the Pawnee Nation, but for OSU as well. The study employed community-based participatory research (CBPR) methods to ensure that community voices were the driver of the project. Through this project, the study sought to enhance community engagement, promote agricultural development, and support the resilience of Tribal communities. The comprehensive literature review and methodological approach underscored the historical context and current challenges of Tribal Extension initiatives, emphasizing the necessity for a tailored and collaborative approach. The outcome of this study, the Tribal Extension Needs Analysis Report, will provide valuable insights for both OSU and the Pawnee Nation, working to foster a stronger partnership and contributing to the broader field of Extension services
Tax tango: How firms dance around the TCJA's interest deduction caps
No full textThe Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (TCJA) transformed the U.S. tax code. This study examines how firms respond to the new interest expense deduction limitations. Using substitution theory, I predict that firms impacted by the interest limitations will increase their non-debt-related tax deductions following the TCJA enactment. I find an inverse association between interest deductions and non-debt deductions for affected firms, providing evidence that these firms substitute lost interest deductions with increased nondebt tax deductions. I find that this is explained by substitution theory and not firms responding to the separate provisions of the TCJA. I also find that firms just under the limit also exhibit some substitution behavior to remain under the threshold. This study is the first to use a comprehensive proxy for non-debt tax deductions. This study should interest policy makers considering unintended consequences when drafting tax policy